B1 · 情态动词

should、ought to 和 had better

从建议到警告的三个层次。

一目了然

记住这句: should 是建议，ought to 是正式的建议，had better 是警告。
构成: You should call her.建议
标志词: should
ought to
had better
'd better
shouldn’t
易错点: 错误：You had better to ask him first.
正确：You had better ask him first.

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构成形式

词干（不规则）

建议	You should call her.
我应该问一下	I should ask
你应该问一下	you should ask
他、她、它应该问一下	he, she, it should ask
我们应该问一下	we should ask
你们应该问一下	you should ask
他们应该问一下	they should ask
更正式	You ought to call her.
我应当道歉	I ought to apologise
你应当道歉	you ought to apologise
他、她、它应当道歉	he, she, it ought to apologise
我们应当道歉	we ought to apologise
你们应当道歉	you ought to apologise
他们应当道歉	they ought to apologise
警告	You had better call her. / You’d better call her.
我最好快点	I had better hurry
你最好快点	you had better hurry
他、她、它最好快点	he, she, it had better hurry
我们最好快点	we had better hurry
你们最好快点	you had better hurry
他们最好快点	they had better hurry
否定	You had better not call her.
预期	The parcel should arrive tomorrow.

规则逐条讲

这个主题讲的形式

should 表示建议，比 must 弱得多。
You should take a break.你应该休息一下。
ought to 是唯一带 to 的情态动词。
We ought to leave soon.我们应当早点动身。
had better 后面不加 to，否定时把 not 放在后面。
You had better not be late.你可千万别迟到。
should 也表示预期，不是“应该做”。
It should not take long.应该用不了多长时间。

例句

You should not worry so much.你不应该这么担心。

Should I bring anything?要我带点什么吗？

We had better ask before we start.我们最好开始之前先问一下。

They ought to have told us earlier.他们本应该早点告诉我们的。

再看 6 个例句

You should see a doctor.你应该去看医生。

We ought to leave soon.我们应当早点动身了。

He should not have said that.他不应该说那种话。

You had better take an umbrella.你最好带把伞。

Should I call her back?我要给她回个电话吗？

The parcel should arrive tomorrow.包裹应该明天到。

中文母语者最容易踩的坑

注意

中文“你最好去问问他”后面的动词前什么都不加，可很多学习者受 want to、have to 的影响，写成 You had better to ask him。had better 后面直接接动词原形，也不能写成 would better，哪怕缩写 ’d 两者都有可能。还要记住语气：对同事说 You had better check that 是警告，不是建议；单纯出主意，用 should 就够了。

错误：You had better to ask him first.

正确：You had better ask him first.

详细讲解

阅读全文 · 约 1 分钟

should 表示建议：You should see a doctor（你应该去看医生）。它比 must 温和得多，是英语里给别人出主意最常用的方式。此外，should 还表示预期：The train should be here by now（火车应该已经到了）。这一点和中文的“应该”完全一样：既能表示“该做”，也能表示“按理说会”。

ought to 的意思和 should 几乎相同，听起来稍微正式一点，也是唯一带 to 的情态动词。在口语里它已经不太常用了。

had better 是三者中语气最重的。它不是建议，而是带着没说出口的后果的警告：You had better hurry——否则会有麻烦。中文的“你最好……”常常只是友好的建议，所以很多人把 had better 当成礼貌的说法，结果不小心听起来像在威胁人。

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字母与发音

时态与将来

动词：情态动词、被动语态及其他

冠词、名词和形容词

句子结构

文体与书写