B1 · 被动语态（Passive）
被动语态的构成
一个公式，适用于所有时态。
一目了然
- 记住这句
- be 管时态，过去分词管动作。
- 构成
- The letters are sent every Monday.一般现在时
- 标志词
- be + 3. Stamm
- by
- with
- is done
- was made
- 易错点
- 错误：The accident was happened at midnight.正确：The accident happened at midnight.
轮到你了
本主题共有 6 道练习。答案在浏览器里直接判断，不会离开你的设备。
构成形式
词干（规则） 时态标记 助动词
| 一般现在时 | The letters are sent every Monday. |
| 一般过去时 | The letter was sent yesterday. |
| 现在完成时 | The letter has been sent. |
| 过去完成时 | The letter had been sent. |
| will | The letter will be sent tomorrow. |
| 情态动词 | The letter must be sent today. |
| 我被邀请 | I am invited |
| 你被邀请 | you are invited |
| 他/她/它被邀请 | he/she/it is invited |
| 我们被邀请 | we are invited |
| 你们被邀请 | you are invited |
| 他们被邀请 | they are invited |
| 我（当时）被邀请了 | I was invited |
| 你（当时）被邀请了 | you were invited |
| 他/她/它（当时）被邀请了 | he/she/it was invited |
| 我们（当时）被邀请了 | we were invited |
| 你们（当时）被邀请了 | you were invited |
| 他们（当时）被邀请了 | they were invited |
规则逐条讲
这个主题讲的形式
时态体现在 to be 上，过去分词保持不变。
The rooms are cleaned every day.房间每天都有人打扫。
执行者重要时，用 by 引出。
The bridge was designed by a Swiss engineer.这座桥是一位瑞士工程师设计的。
工具或手段用 with，不用 by——虽然中文两者都可以说“用”或“由”。
The door was opened with a master key.门是用一把万能钥匙打开的。
情态动词后面接 be 加过去分词。
This form must be signed.这份表格必须签字。
例句
The results are published every March.结果每年三月公布。
My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。
Nothing has been decided yet.目前什么都还没有决定。
The road will be closed for two weeks.这条路将封闭两周。
再看 6 个例句
The letter was sent yesterday.信昨天寄出去了。
These houses were built in 1890.这些房子建于 1890 年。
The room is cleaned every morning.这个房间每天早上都有人打扫。
The road has been closed.这条路已经封闭了。
The results will be published in May.结果将在五月公布。
The bridge is being repaired.这座桥正在维修。
中文母语者最容易踩的坑
注意
中文说“事故发生在午夜”，动词“发生”本身没有宾语。很多学习者觉得事故是“被动”遇上的，于是写出 The accident was happened at midnight。这是错的：happen、arrive、die、appear 这类不及物动词没有宾语可以变成主语，所以根本没有被动语态。另一个常见错误是丢掉 be：“信昨天寄出去了”不是 The letter sent yesterday，而是 The letter was sent yesterday。
详细讲解
阅读全文 · 约 1 分钟
被动语态由 to be 的某个形式加动词的过去分词构成。时态只体现在 be 上，过去分词永远不变。会变 to be 的时态，就能立刻造出任何时态的被动句：is cleaned、was cleaned、has been cleaned、will be cleaned。
主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语。动作的执行者可以用 by 引出，但不是必须的；事实上，大多数被动句根本不提执行者。被动语态之所以出现，往往正是因为执行者不知道是谁、不重要，或者有意不说。
中文里，这层意思常常靠语序和语境就够了：“作业写完了”“饭做好了”，动词本身没有任何被动标记。英语不行——只要主语不是动作的执行者，就必须有 be 加过去分词：The homework is done，Dinner is ready。反过来，中文的“被”也不能见到就换成被动：“我被偷了钱包”在英语里要说 My wallet was stolen 或 I had my wallet stolen，绝不能说 I was stolen my wallet。
这个主题你掌握得怎么样？
练习之后这里会自动填写。你也可以随时在这里自己修改。