A1 · 时态与进行体
to be
英语里最重要的动词——也是最不规则的动词。
一目了然
- 记住这句
- 形容词、年龄、地点前面:英语都需要 be。
- 什么时候用
- 过去的过去
- 过去
- 与现在相连的过去
- 现在
- 将来
- 将来完成
现在 — 此刻成立的事、正在进行的事,或者一向如此的事。
- 构成
- I am我是
- 标志词
- am
- is
- are
- was
- were
- been
- 易错点
- 错误:She very tired today.正确:She is very tired today.
轮到你了
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构成形式
形式是怎样构成的
每一行先给出意思,再给出英语的形式。颜色标出的是各个形式之间变化的部分。
词干(不规则)
| 我是 | I am |
| 你是 | you are |
| 他、她、它是 | he, she, it is |
| 我们是 | we are |
| 你们是,您是 | you are |
| 他们是 | they are |
| 我(那时)是 | I was |
| 你(那时)是 | you were |
| 他、她、它(那时)是 | he, she, it was |
| 我们(那时)是 | we were |
| 你们(那时)是,您(那时)是 | you were |
| 他们(那时)是 | they were |
| 否定句 | I am not, she isn't, they aren't |
| 疑问句 | Are you ready? / Was she there? |
| 缩略形式 | I'm, you're, he's, we're |
规则逐条讲
这个主题讲的形式
to be 构成疑问和否定时不用 do。
Are they at home?他们在家吗?
年龄、饿、渴、冷都用 to be 表达。
She is twelve and she is hungry.她十二岁,现在饿了。
在进行时和被动语态里,to be 也是起支撑作用的动词。
The door is being repaired.门正在修。
there is 和 there are 里用的也是 to be。
There is somebody at the door.门口有人。
例句
I am not sure about that.这一点我不太确定。
How old are you?你多大了?
They were very kind to us.他们对我们非常好。
Is this seat free?这个座位空着吗?
再看 8 个例句
I am from Bremen.我是不来梅人。
Are you ready?你准备好了吗?
She is not at home.她不在家。
We are late again.我们又迟到了。
It is my turn.轮到我了。
They were not there yesterday.他们昨天不在那儿。
The soup is too salty.汤太咸了。
The keys are in the drawer.钥匙在抽屉里。
中文母语者最容易踩的坑
注意
中文“她今天很累”“我三十岁”里没有动词,“很”有时还被当成“是”的替代品。直译就成了 She very tired today、I thirty——英语句子里没有谓语动词是不行的:She is very tired today,I am thirty。另一个方向的错误同样常见:把“是”当成万能词,加在普通动词前面——I am agree,正确的是 I agree。
详细讲解
阅读全文 · 约 1 分钟
to be 是最先要用到的动词,也是唯一一个在现在时有三种形式的动词:am、is、are。过去时有两种:was 和 were。
它的作用比中文的“是”大得多。中文说“她很累”“我三十岁”“汤太咸了”,形容词和数字前面不需要任何动词;英语的句子却必须有动词,这时就由 be 来承担:She is very tired,I am thirty,The soup is too salty。反过来,也不能在普通动词前面加 be:I am agree、I am like it 都是错的,应该说 I agree、I like it。
to be 构成疑问和否定时不用 do——这一点和其他所有实义动词都不同。Is she here? 和 She is not here 不需要助动词,因为 to be 本身就是助动词。中文问句只要在句末加“吗”,英语则要把 be 移到主语前面。
这个主题你掌握得怎么样?
练习之后这里会自动填写。你也可以随时在这里自己修改。