B1 · 被动语态（Passive）
什么时候用被动语态
四个好理由——还有一个不算理由的理由。
一目了然
- 记住这句
- 不重要的就消失——这就是被动语态的作用。
- 构成
- The window was broken during the night.执行者未知
- 标志词
- it is said
- it is believed
- it is known
- is expected to
- man → Passiv
- 易错点
- 错误：This problem must solve quickly.正确：This problem must be solved quickly.
轮到你了
本主题共有 5 道练习。答案在浏览器里直接判断，不会离开你的设备。
构成形式
词干（规则） 时态标记 助动词
| 执行者未知 | The window was broken during the night. |
| 执行者不重要 | English is spoken here. |
| 有意不提执行者 | The decision was taken without us. |
| 承接上文 | The report arrived on Monday. It was written by an external auditor. |
| 我（当时）被警告了 | I was warned |
| 你（当时）被警告了 | you were warned |
| 他/她/它（当时）被警告了 | he/she/it was warned |
| 我们（当时）被警告了 | we were warned |
| 你们（当时）被警告了 | you were warned |
| 他们（当时）被警告了 | they were warned |
规则逐条讲
这个主题讲的形式
执行者未知或无关紧要时，用被动语态。
The shop was robbed on Tuesday.这家店星期二遭到了抢劫。
已知的东西放在句首，哪怕它不是动作的执行者。
The painting is famous. It was bought by a museum.这幅画很有名。它被一家博物馆买下了。
如果执行者本来就要说出来，而且很重要，用主动语态更好。
The committee rejected the plan.委员会否决了这个计划。
中文的“据说”“人们认为”，英语里常常用被动语态表达。
It is said that he has resigned.据说他已经辞职了。
例句
Smoking is not permitted in this building.本楼内禁止吸烟。
The road has been closed since Monday.这条路从星期一起就封闭了。
It is believed that the fire started in the kitchen.人们认为火是从厨房烧起来的。
Applications must be received by 1 March.申请必须在 3 月 1 日前送达。
再看 5 个例句
English is spoken here.这里说英语。
The decision was taken last week.这个决定是上周做出的。
Nothing has been decided yet.目前什么都还没有决定。
The forms must be signed in blue ink.表格必须用蓝色墨水签字。
Applications are considered in the order received.申请按收到的先后顺序处理。
中文母语者最容易踩的坑
注意
中文很喜欢先说话题，再说怎么处理它：“这个问题必须尽快解决”“这些文件下午要寄出”。照字面翻译，就成了 This problem must solve quickly——问题自己去“解决”什么呢？在英语里，句首的名词就是主语；它不是动作的执行者时，动词必须用被动：This problem must be solved quickly。同样，“据说……”要说 It is said that…，不要说 It says that…。
详细讲解
阅读全文 · 约 1 分钟
被动语态不是让语言显得高级的修辞，而是一件有四种用途的工具。第一，不知道执行者是谁：My car was broken into。第二，执行者显而易见或无关紧要：The results will be announced on Friday。第三，有意不说是谁：Mistakes were made。第四，也是英语里最常见的理由：句子要从前面已经在谈的那件事说起。
第四个理由才是关键。英语习惯把已知信息放在句首，把新信息放在句末。如果上一句在说一座楼，下一句就从这座楼开始——哪怕楼本身什么也没做。中文其实也这么想，只是中文用“话题”来解决：“这座楼，一位德国建筑师设计的”“这个问题明天再讨论”。英语的语序是固定的“主语—动词—宾语”，没有这种自由，于是要靠被动语态把已知的东西挪到主语的位置：This building was designed by a German architect。
被动语态不是什么：不是让句子显得更正式的办法。英语写作中，被动用得太多一向被认为是不好的文风，因为它掩盖了是谁做了什么。另外，别受中文“被”字的影响：“被”常常暗示倒霉的事，英语的被动语态却完全中性，She was promoted（她升职了）一点问题都没有。
这个主题你掌握得怎么样？
练习之后这里会自动填写。你也可以随时在这里自己修改。