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EveryLingua

B2

Fließend

Hier verschwindet die Anstrengung aus dem Zuhören. Ein Vortrag, eine Diskussion, ein Zeitungstext im eigenen Fachgebiet gehen ohne ständiges Nachfragen durch.

Beim Sprechen kommt eine Wahl dazu, die es vorher nicht gab: Für dieselbe Sache gibt es jetzt mehrere Formulierungen, und sie klingen unterschiedlich höflich, unterschiedlich sicher, unterschiedlich formell.

Noch ohne Familie25

Adjectives

1

B2Adjectives that mean something else in frontAn old friend is not an aged friend.

Pronouns

1

B2lo, la or le — which object pronoun whenWhom or what takes lo and la, to whom takes le.

The past

1

B2Verbs that mean something else in the indefinidoA state in the indefinido becomes its beginning.

The future

1

B2Futuro perfecto: what will be done by thenhabré plus participle — for everything that will be finished before a point in the future.

Can, must, want

1

B2Modal verbs in the pastWhether it came off is told by the tense.

Prepositions

1

B2Adjectives and nouns with a fixed prepositionNot only verbs want a preposition — adjectives and nouns do too.

The subjunctive

5

B2The imperfect subjunctiveFrom the third person plural of the preterite — and there are two sets of endings to choose from.B2After doubt and denialDeny the believing and the clause changes mood.B2cuando and clauses about what has not happened yetWhat is still to come takes the subjunctive — even when it is certain.B2The perfect subjunctive: haya hechoFor what has already happened and is being judged all the same.B2Indicative or subjunctive — the overviewOne question settles it: is the clause being asserted?

Conditional sentences

2

B2The condition that is no longer possiblesi hubiera plus participle, main clause with habría.B2Wishes with ojalá and como siSpanish has no verb for «to wish» — it has a word that opens one.

The passive

2

B2ser plus participleThe newspaper form — and the participle agrees.B2estar plus participle: the resultEnglish says «was closed» for both; Spanish makes you choose.

Subordinate clauses

2

B2Relative clauses with the subjunctiveBusco un piso que tenga terraza — it may not exist at all.B2Purpose, result and contrast«Although» and «even if» are one word here, told apart by the mood.

The finishing touches

8

B2Word order: the news goes lastThe subject may follow the verb — and that says something.B2The small words that set the tonepues, bueno, vale, ya — your «well», «right», «OK», «look».B2Punctuation and spellingAlmost nothing takes a capital letter.B2Two-verb constructions: acabar de, seguir, llevarWhere English uses an adverb or a tense, Spanish uses a second verb.B2lo — the article for what is not a thingEnglish needs a dummy noun here; Spanish needs none.B2Spain and Latin America: what actually differsEnglish lost its own «ye» — so one of the two systems will feel familiar.B2Infinitive or gerund — where English misleads«Smoking is bad» is Fumar es malo, with an infinitive.B2The words that hold a text togetherSix groups — and two that look like English words and are not.