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EveryLingua

Der Lernpfad

Alle 121 Grammatikthemen in der Reihenfolge, in der sie sich gegenseitig tragen — durchnummeriert von 1 bis 121.

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A1 Sich vorstellen, fragen, Alltägliches sagen.

Schritt 1 bis 21 von 121

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  1. 1ser — what something isName, origin, job, quality — what stays put.
  2. 2estar — where and how something isPlace and condition — what could be different tomorrow.
  3. 3hay — there is, there areOne form for everything, and never an article after it.
  4. 4tener: to have, to be, and everything in betweenHunger, thirst, fear and your age — in Spanish you have them all.
  5. 5Presente: the regular verbsThree sets of endings for three groups of verbs.
  6. 6Verbs that change their stemThe vowel changes — everywhere except with we and you plural.
  7. 7The irregular verbsTen verbs you need on the first day — and that follow no rule.
  8. 8Reflexive verbsThe pronoun goes in front — and more verbs need one than in English.
  9. 9gustar and the verbs where the thing does the actingNot «I like the book» — «the book pleases me».
  10. 10Masculine or feminineThe ending gives it away most of the time — and three times it does not.
  11. 11The pluralAn -s or an -es, and sometimes an accent moves.
  12. 12Agreement: gender and numberFour forms, and the noun's ending says which.
  13. 13este, ese, aquel — three distancesBy me, by you, by neither of us.
  14. 14Subject pronouns — and why they are usually missingyo, tú, él … appear only when they do a job.
  15. 15Yes-no questionsThe same sentence, two question marks, the voice goes up.
  16. 16Question words and their accentEvery question word carries an accent — the accent is the question.
  17. 17Negating — and the double negativeno before the verb, and nada, nunca, nadie need it anyway.
  18. 18ir a plus infinitiveThe future people actually speak.
  19. 19poder and quererTwo stem-changing verbs, with the infinitive behind.
  20. 20a, en, de — the three commonesta is where to, en is where, de is where from and whose.
  21. 21al and del — the only two contractionsa plus el becomes al, de plus el becomes del — and nothing else.

A2 Über Vergangenes sprechen und Vorhaben äußern.

Schritt 22 bis 56 von 121

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  1. 22ser or estar?One adjective, two verbs, two meanings.
  2. 23hay or está?What there is takes hay; where something known is takes estar.
  3. 24estar plus gerund: right this momentFor what is going on at this very instant.
  4. 25saber or conocer?You know a fact; you are acquainted with a person.
  5. 26Verbs that break rank in the I-form onlyOne form steps out of line, five are regular.
  6. 27Which article when — and when noneSpanish uses the article more often than English — and in one place not at all.
  7. 28Quantities and measuresA quantity takes de — and mucho almost never does.
  8. 29Masculine and feminine for people and jobsFour patterns — and a group that only changes the article.
  9. 30Where the adjective goesAfter the noun it distinguishes, in front it judges.
  10. 31Shortened forms in front of the nounbueno becomes buen, grande becomes gran — but only in front.
  11. 32Comparing and gradingmás … que, and the superlative needs the article.
  12. 33Comparing: más que, menos que, tan comoThree patterns — and before a number it is de, not que.
  13. 34Object pronouns: lo, la, leWhat is done is lo/la — to whom is le.
  14. 35Where the pronouns goBefore the conjugated verb — or attached, but never in between.
  15. 36Possession: mi, tu, su — and el míoShort before the noun, long with an article on its own.
  16. 37Reflexive verbs and seme, te, se — and the same se does three other jobs.
  17. 38alguien, nadie, algo, nada — and the restOne pair for people and one for things, and all four build the sentence differently depending on where they stand.
  18. 39Pronouns after a prepositionAfter para, de and con there are other forms — and two of them merge.
  19. 40Tag questions and short answersYour tag changes with the verb; here there are two words and neither of them moves.
  20. 41Questions with a preposition« Who with? » — the preposition never lands at the end here.
  21. 42IndefinidoWhat happened, once, and was then over.
  22. 43ImperfectoHow things were, what always was, what was going on.
  23. 44PerfectoWhat happened inside a stretch of time that is still running.
  24. 45The imperfecto for habits and descriptionsWhat always used to be — and how it looked back then.
  25. 46Futuro simpleEndings on the whole infinitive — and twelve verbs shorten it.
  26. 47The imperative for tú and vosotrosThe third person of the present — and eight outliers.
  27. 48The eight irregular command formsEight short words you hear on the first day.
  28. 49Must: tener que, hay que, deberMy obligation, everybody's obligation, the moral one.
  29. 50Asking politelyThe conditional turns a demand into a request.
  30. 51por and parapor looks back at the reason, para forward at the goal.
  31. 52The personal aBefore a person as an object there is an a — English has nothing like it.
  32. 53Place and time: en, a, de, desde, hastaWhere something is takes en — where it is going takes a.
  33. 54Precise positions: encima, debajo, delante, al ladoThey all take de — and without a noun the de drops.
  34. 55The open conditionsi plus present, and the main clause takes present, future or imperative.
  35. 56Relative clausesque for almost everything — and it can never be left out.

B1 Zusammenhänge erklären, begründen, berichten.

Schritt 57 bis 95 von 121

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  1. 57Adjectives that mean different things with ser and estarser listo is clever, estar listo is ready.
  2. 58When the present means something other than nowWith a time expression it talks about tomorrow; in a story, about back then.
  3. 59When two nouns belong togetherSpanish does not compound, it joins with de.
  4. 60Words whose gender is a surpriseEnding in -a and masculine anyway — and two words where the gender changes the meaning.
  5. 61Making words smaller and bigger-ito rarely means «small» and almost always says something about tone.
  6. 62The superlative and -ísimoThe best of all — and the ending that needs no comparison.
  7. 63Adverbs in -mente — and when to leave them outFeminine form plus -mente, but only one per run.
  8. 64Two pronouns in the same sentencePerson first, thing second — and le becomes se.
  9. 65que, quien, el que, cuyoque covers almost everything — the others come after a preposition.
  10. 66Indirect questionsNo question mark, but the accent stays — and «whether» is si.
  11. 67nunca, tampoco, ni — the other negatives« Me neither » and « nor do I » are one word here.
  12. 68Indefinido or imperfecto?Frame or event — and whoever is in the frame is not counted.
  13. 69PluscuamperfectoWhat was already over when something else happened.
  14. 70The irregular forms in the indefinidoTheir own stem, their own set of endings — and no stress on the last syllable.
  15. 71Telling a story: frame and chainThe imperfecto sets the stage, the indefinido moves the action.
  16. 72Perfecto or indefinido?If the stretch of time reaches today, the perfecto is used.
  17. 73CondicionalThe stems of the futuro, the endings of the imperfecto.
  18. 74The future as a guessSerán las tres is not «it will be three» but «it is probably three».
  19. 75ir a, future or present — which form when?In everyday speech nearly always ir a; the future sounds written.
  20. 76The negative imperativeno plus subjunctive — the affirmative form does not exist here.
  21. 77usted, ustedes and «let us»One form for affirmative and negative — and vamos a for «let us».
  22. 78Where the pronouns go with a commandAttached when affirmative, in front when negative — and the accent moves with them.
  23. 79Requests without an imperativeIn everyday speech a question is the commonest request.
  24. 80soler, acabar de, volver a and the restTurns of phrase where English needs an adverb.
  25. 81May, can, should — what Spanish tells apartpoder covers can and may, deber gives the advice.
  26. 82Verbs with a fixed prepositionWhich preposition a verb wants is rarely the English one.
  27. 83Present subjunctive: the formsThe endings change sides; the stem comes from the yo form.
  28. 84When the subjunctive is usedWhen the main clause wishes, doubts, judges or denies.
  29. 85After wanting, feeling and judgingWhoever wants something or judges it sends the clause into the subjunctive.
  30. 86The unlikely conditionsi plus imperfect subjunctive, main clause in the conditional.
  31. 87The present subjunctive never follows siThe one place in the language where it is forbidden.
  32. 88The se-passiveThe everyday form — and the verb agrees with the thing.
  33. 89The third person plural instead of a passiveMe han robado el coche — with no «they» in front of it.
  34. 90The impersonal se: «one»English has three words for it and dislikes all three.
  35. 91The participle and its irregular formsInvariable after haber, agreeing after ser and estar.
  36. 92Time clausesYour -ing form after «before» and «after» is an infinitive here.
  37. 93Cause, result and concession«So» is two different things, and Spanish has two words for them.
  38. 94Reported speechThe backshift is yours already — the infinitive is not.
  39. 95The accent records the stressEnglish hears the difference and never writes it; Spanish writes it.

B2 Genau werden: Haltung, Abstufung, Nebensatz.

Schritt 96 bis 120 von 121

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  1. 96Adjectives that mean something else in frontAn old friend is not an aged friend.
  2. 97lo, la or le — which object pronoun whenWhom or what takes lo and la, to whom takes le.
  3. 98Verbs that mean something else in the indefinidoA state in the indefinido becomes its beginning.
  4. 99Futuro perfecto: what will be done by thenhabré plus participle — for everything that will be finished before a point in the future.
  5. 100Modal verbs in the pastWhether it came off is told by the tense.
  6. 101Adjectives and nouns with a fixed prepositionNot only verbs want a preposition — adjectives and nouns do too.
  7. 102The imperfect subjunctiveFrom the third person plural of the preterite — and there are two sets of endings to choose from.
  8. 103After doubt and denialDeny the believing and the clause changes mood.
  9. 104cuando and clauses about what has not happened yetWhat is still to come takes the subjunctive — even when it is certain.
  10. 105The perfect subjunctive: haya hechoFor what has already happened and is being judged all the same.
  11. 106Indicative or subjunctive — the overviewOne question settles it: is the clause being asserted?
  12. 107The condition that is no longer possiblesi hubiera plus participle, main clause with habría.
  13. 108Wishes with ojalá and como siSpanish has no verb for «to wish» — it has a word that opens one.
  14. 109ser plus participleThe newspaper form — and the participle agrees.
  15. 110estar plus participle: the resultEnglish says «was closed» for both; Spanish makes you choose.
  16. 111Relative clauses with the subjunctiveBusco un piso que tenga terraza — it may not exist at all.
  17. 112Purpose, result and contrast«Although» and «even if» are one word here, told apart by the mood.
  18. 113Word order: the news goes lastThe subject may follow the verb — and that says something.
  19. 114The small words that set the tonepues, bueno, vale, ya — your «well», «right», «OK», «look».
  20. 115Punctuation and spellingAlmost nothing takes a capital letter.
  21. 116Two-verb constructions: acabar de, seguir, llevarWhere English uses an adverb or a tense, Spanish uses a second verb.
  22. 117lo — the article for what is not a thingEnglish needs a dummy noun here; Spanish needs none.
  23. 118Spain and Latin America: what actually differsEnglish lost its own «ye» — so one of the two systems will feel familiar.
  24. 119Infinitive or gerund — where English misleads«Smoking is bad» is Fumar es malo, with an infinitive.
  25. 120The words that hold a text togetherSix groups — and two that look like English words and are not.

C1 Das Feine: Ton, Register, seltene Formen.

Schritt 121 bis 121 von 121

Weiteres1

  1. 121Mixed conditionalsThe condition is in the past, the consequence is now.

Alle Themen als Übersicht Was jede Stufe bedeutet