Present simpleवर्तमान
| I | am |
|---|---|
| you | are |
| he/she/it | is |
| we | are |
| you | are |
| they | are |
इस पर और: Simple Present (सामान्य वर्तमान)
be के क्रिया-रूप
- अर्थ होना
- स्तर A1
- पैटर्न अनियमित
इस क्रिया में क्या ख़ास है
- कई कालों में अनियमित — सबसे भरोसेमंद तरीक़ा पूरी तालिका सीखना है। → अनियमित क्रियाएँ
- याद करने के लिए तीन मूल रूप: be – was – been।
मोटे अक्षर और रेखांकित: अंत-प्रत्यय। ◆ उस रूप पर लगा है जो नियम से हटकर बनता है।
निश्चयार्थ
Past simpleपूरा हुआ भूतकाल
| I | was |
|---|---|
| you | were |
| he/she/it | was |
| we | were |
| you | were |
| they | were |
इस पर और: Simple Past (सामान्य भूतकाल)
Present perfectपूर्ण वर्तमान
| I | have been |
|---|---|
| you | have been |
| he/she/it | has been |
| we | have been |
| you | have been |
| they | have been |
इस पर और: Present Perfect (पूर्ण वर्तमान)
Past perfectपूर्ण भूत
| I | had been |
|---|---|
| you | had been |
| he/she/it | had been |
| we | had been |
| you | had been |
| they | had been |
इस पर और: Past Perfect (पूर्ण भूतकाल)
Future (will)भविष्य
| I | will be |
|---|---|
| you | will be |
| he/she/it | will be |
| we | will be |
| you | will be |
| they | will be |
इस पर और: will वाला भविष्य
Future perfectपूर्ण भविष्य
| I | will have been |
|---|---|
| you | will have been |
| he/she/it | will have been |
| we | will have been |
| you | will have been |
| they | will have been |
संकेतार्थ (कंडीशनल)
Conditional (would)संकेतार्थ
| I | would be |
|---|---|
| you | would be |
| he/she/it | would be |
| we | would be |
| you | would be |
| they | would be |
इस पर और: if-वाक्य, प्रकार 2
Conditional perfectभूतकाल का संकेतार्थ
| I | would have been |
|---|---|
| you | would have been |
| he/she/it | would have been |
| we | would have been |
| you | would have been |
| they | would have been |
सातत्य रूप
Present progressiveअपूर्ण वर्तमान
| I | am being |
|---|---|
| you | are being |
| he/she/it | is being |
| we | are being |
| you | are being |
| they | are being |
इस पर और: Present Progressive (अपूर्ण वर्तमान)
Past progressiveअपूर्ण भूत
| I | was being |
|---|---|
| you | were being |
| he/she/it | was being |
| we | were being |
| you | were being |
| they | were being |
इस पर और: Past Progressive (अपूर्ण भूतकाल)
Present perfect progressiveपूर्ण सातत्य वर्तमान
| I | have been being |
|---|---|
| you | have been being |
| he/she/it | has been being |
| we | have been being |
| you | have been being |
| they | have been being |
इस पर और: Present Perfect Progressive
Past perfect progressiveपूर्ण सातत्य भूत
| I | had been being |
|---|---|
| you | had been being |
| he/she/it | had been being |
| we | had been being |
| you | had been being |
| they | had been being |
Future progressiveअपूर्ण भविष्य
| I | will be being |
|---|---|
| you | will be being |
| he/she/it | will be being |
| we | will be being |
| you | will be being |
| they | will be being |
आज्ञार्थ
Imperativeआज्ञा, हाँ में
| you | be |
|---|---|
| we | let's be |
इस पर और: आदेश वाला रूप
अकालिक रूप
Infinitive and participlesमूल रूप, गेरुंड, कृदंत
| infinitive | be |
|---|---|
| to-infinitive | to be |
| -ing form | being |
| past participle | been |
इस पर और: अनियमित क्रियाएँ · -ing वाली क्रियाएँ
कोर्स से उदाहरण वाक्य
हर वाक्य इस कोर्स की शब्द-सूचियों या व्याकरण के विषयों से है। क्रिया का रूप चिह्नित है; नीचे लिखा है कि वह कौन-सा काल और पुरुष है।
I am hungry.मुझे भूख लगी है।
am — Present simple · I
Is it urgent?क्या यह ज़रूरी है?
Is — Present simple · he/she/it
It was great fun.बहुत मज़ा आया।
was — Past simple · I; Past simple · he/she/it
We are almost there.हम लगभग पहुँच गए हैं।
are — Present simple · you; Present simple · we
His shoes were dirty.उसके जूते गंदे थे।
were — Past simple · you; Past simple · we
Be careful on the stairs.सीढ़ियों पर सँभलकर चलना।
Be — infinitive; to-infinitive
आम चूक
ग़लत Sorry, I cannot come — I cook dinner.
सही Sorry, I cannot come — I am cooking dinner.
रूप बनाना मुश्किल नहीं, क्योंकि हिन्दी का "रहा है" आधा काम कर चुका होता है। ग़लती तब होती है जब जल्दी में वह रूप निकल जाता है जो सबसे पहले सीखा था। "मैं खाना बनाती हूँ" बताता है कि घर में खाना कौन बनाता है; "मैं खाना बना रही हूँ" बताता है कि इस समय हाथ ख़ाली नहीं हैं। अंग्रेज़ी में भी यही फ़र्क़ है: I cook dinner आदत है, I am cooking dinner अभी का काम। और am, is, are को छोड़ा नहीं जा सकता: I cooking अधूरा वाक्य है।
झटपट अभ्यास
5 ख़ाली जगहें, पहले ऊपर के उदाहरण वाक्यों से, फिर तालिका से। हर उत्तर आपके दोहराव में गिना जाता है।
आगे सीखिए
इसी पैटर्न वाली क्रियाएँ
जुड़े हुए व्याकरण विषय
ये रूप भाषा के नियमों से गणना करके बनाए गए हैं — दो बार, दो अलग-अलग तरीक़ों से — और इस कोर्स में हाथ से लिखे हर रूप से मिलाए गए हैं। उदाहरण वाक्य कोर्स के अपने वाक्य हैं।