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EveryLingua

Der Lernpfad

Alle 121 Grammatikthemen in der Reihenfolge, in der sie sich gegenseitig tragen — durchnummeriert von 1 bis 121.

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A1 Sich vorstellen, fragen, Alltägliches sagen.

Schritt 1 bis 21 von 121

Weiteres21

  1. 1essere — to beSix forms, none of them regular — and two of them identical.
  2. 2avere — to haveAge, hunger and cold are had here, not been.
  3. 3c'è and ci sonoEnglish already agrees here — as long as you write what you would write.
  4. 4The verbs in -areSix endings where English has one.
  5. 5The verbs in -ere and -ireThe last three letters of the infinitive are information English does not carry.
  6. 6The subject is missingPutting io in is what English does by saying it louder.
  7. 7The -isc- groupIt follows the stress — and English stress moves the same way.
  8. 8il, lo, la and their pluralsThree masculine forms, two feminine — and a rule you already obey.
  9. 9un, uno, unaYour a and an, with one more form and an apostrophe that carries the gender.
  10. 10The final vowelNothing is added — the vowel changes.
  11. 11Four forms or twoEnglish has one form for everything; here there are four or two.
  12. 12Whose it isThe gender is the thing's, not the owner's — and an article comes first.
  13. 13The questionThere is no do to put in front.
  14. 14non in front of the verbOne word — and again no auxiliary.
  15. 15The question wordsOne word for why and because.
  16. 16The passato prossimo with avereOne tense covering « I ate » and « I have eaten » alike.
  17. 17potere, volere, dovereConjugated, and then the bare infinitive.
  18. 18When preposition and article melt togetherFive do it, the others never.
  19. 19a and in with placesOne word for being there and for going there.
  20. 20The forms of LeiYou address a stranger as though speaking about somebody else.
  21. 21The phrases needed every dayFour words, and three of them do more than one job.

A2 Über Vergangenes sprechen und Vorhaben äußern.

Schritt 22 bis 58 von 121

Weiteres37

  1. 22stare — to be placed, to feelYou have the progressive; here it is optional, and that is the hard part.
  2. 23The irregular onesfare is do and make at once — and the weather is made.
  3. 24Where English uses noneCountries, languages, days, and your own hands.
  4. 25The partitive articleIt is your some — except that qualche is singular.
  5. 26Countries, cities and namesYour the United States rule is exactly the Italian one.
  6. 27When the plural changes the spellingEnglish respells to fit the -s; Italian respells to protect the sound.
  7. 28Of whom, not whoseThere is no apostrophe s — the owner goes last.
  8. 29Where the adjective standsEnglish has one position; Italian uses two, and they mean different things.
  9. 30Comparing and gradingOne way of comparing instead of two — and than splits in half.
  10. 31The superlative that compares nothingIt is your very, packed into a suffix.
  11. 32From adjective to adverb-mente is your -ly, irregulars included.
  12. 33This and thatTwo distances, as in English — but quello reshapes itself.
  13. 34The direct objectIn front of the verb, and it follows the thing's gender.
  14. 35Two negatives, one statementThe sentence English teachers strike out is the correct one here.
  15. 36The passato prossimo with essereHere the verb says whether a man or a woman is speaking.
  16. 37The irregular participlesNearly all of them are sitting in one of the three families.
  17. 38The imperfettoThree English pasts arriving as one ending.
  18. 39The futuro sempliceOne set of endings, with an r for a badge.
  19. 40stare per and the other announcementsThe narrow end of « going to », and nothing wider.
  20. 41The presente for the futureThe everyday future, and it is not carelessness.
  21. 42The forms for tu, noi and voiThe -are verbs swap their final vowel, and only they.
  22. 43The form for LeiThe form that says the two of you have not met.
  23. 44The negative imperative« Don't » leaves the verb alone; here it rebuilds it.
  24. 45sapere and conoscereTwo verbs for « know » — and two for « can ».
  25. 46Asking politely« I'd like », « could you », « may I » — three for three.
  26. 47da — the preposition with no counterpartFrom, since, at somebody's, and for — in one word.
  27. 48When to use tuThere is no English instinct for this, so it has to be learnt as a fact.
  28. 49The condizionale as politenessIt moves nothing in time; it takes the edge off.
  29. 50The reflexive verbsA pronoun that changes with the person and means nothing on its own.
  30. 51piacere and its relativesThe coffee is the subject and you are the object.
  31. 52When it is likelyAnd here the future after « if » is allowed.
  32. 53che and cuiOne word for almost everything, and no way to drop it.
  33. 54The conjunctionsAnd the verb stays where it is.
  34. 55The bare infinitiveWant, can, must — and a dozen more.
  35. 56molto, troppo, tanto, poco« Very » and « many » are one word here, and it changes shape for only one of the two jobs.
  36. 57The accent and the apostropheYour apostrophe owns things; this one only marks a missing vowel.
  37. 58Marks, numbers and capitals3,5 and 12.000 are not what an English reader reads.

B1 Zusammenhänge erklären, begründen, berichten.

Schritt 59 bis 96 von 121

Weiteres38

  1. 59When only the spelling changesEnglish adds a k in panicking for exactly this reason.
  2. 60Words that look like one thing and are anotherA closed list, exactly like man and men.
  3. 61The endings that set the toneEnglish says a little house; Italian changes the word.
  4. 62When the gender is the meaningThe same word, two articles, two things.
  5. 63Compound nounsA wine glass and a glass of wine — that is the whole distinction.
  6. 64When many count as oneBoth English instincts push the wrong way here.
  7. 65Job titles in the feminineEnglish is dropping these; Italian is building them.
  8. 66The indirect objectWhich set applies is decided by the Italian verb, not the English one.
  9. 67ne and ciEnglish leaves the slot empty; Italian may not.
  10. 68When two of them meetGive it to me becomes give to-me it.
  11. 69A question inside a sentenceYou already undo the inversion; the congiuntivo is the new part.
  12. 70What happened before the pastEnglish says « had » once; here it is two decisions.
  13. 71The condizionaleThe same stems, other endings — and most of the politeness.
  14. 72Which future fitsThree boxes here, and four English things to put in them.
  15. 73The future after quando and seThe one rule English does not merely avoid but forbids.
  16. 74Where the pronoun jumpsIt welds itself on the back — and then a letter doubles.
  17. 75bisogna and ci vuoleThree sentences with no subject where English insists on one.
  18. 76Modal verbs in the past« Must » has no past in English; here the past picks its own auxiliary.
  19. 77Not having to and not being allowed to« Mustn't » and « needn't » — you make this distinction already.
  20. 78dovere for a guess« Must be » — the same double duty English gives to must.
  21. 79Advising and recommending« Should » and « you'd better », with the same threat inside.
  22. 80Which verb wants which prepositionThe preposition is part of the verb, and it is not the English one.
  23. 81The preposition that hangs on the wordAnd it can never be left at the end of the sentence.
  24. 82The impersonal siEnglish has four ways to avoid naming anybody; here there is one.
  25. 83When two people do the same thing to each other« Each other » and « themselves » are one form here.
  26. 84The passive with essereThe participle agrees, like an adjective.
  27. 85The passive with siThe verb follows the thing, not the sign-writer.
  28. 86The formsThe final vowels change sides.
  29. 87The triggersA list, not a feeling — and « that » cannot be dropped in front of it.
  30. 88How to get round itSame subject, no clause and no form to build.
  31. 89When it is only imagined« If I were » extended to every verb in the language.
  32. 90Which conjunction wants which moodEverything in -ché but perché takes the congiuntivo.
  33. 91Passing on a statementWithout quotation marks — and without dropping « that ».
  34. 92Passing on a request or an order« He told me to wait » — the same shape, with di instead of « to ».
  35. 93The infinitive with aThe verbs of starting, learning and managing.
  36. 94The infinitive with diThe biggest group — and where most English -ing verbs land.
  37. 95Verbs that take both a and diThe same verb twice, and the preposition is half the meaning.
  38. 96Adjective and noun before an infinitive« Easy to read » and « it is easy to read » are two constructions here.

B2 Genau werden: Haltung, Abstufung, Nebensatz.

Schritt 97 bis 115 von 121

Weiteres19

  1. 97The passato remotoA past chosen by the page and by the map, never by the clock.
  2. 98The future that is not oneIt says how sure you are, not when.
  3. 99The futuro anteriore« Will have finished » — and, unlike English, after « when » as well.
  4. 100The passive with venireIt separates what « is closed » leaves together.
  5. 101The passive that means mustandare plus a participle carries an instruction inside it.
  6. 102The congiuntivo in the past« If I were » in every tense, and not only in that one phrase.
  7. 103When it is too late« If I had known, I would have come » — the same shape, twice over.
  8. 104Conditions without se« Unless » already carries its negative — and so does a meno che non.
  9. 105Mixed conditionsA past condition with a consequence that is still going on.
  10. 106Wishes and regretsThere is no verb for « I wish » — a word does the work instead.
  11. 107The relative pronouns beyond cheThe preposition goes to the front and takes cui with it.
  12. 108The tense moves back one stepOnly when the reporting verb is in the past — as in English.
  13. 109Passing on a questionNo question mark — and nothing to undo, because nothing was inverted.
  14. 110The reporting verbsAnd « pretendere » is not « to pretend ».
  15. 111The gerundio outside the progressiveYour dangling participle, and here it really is a mistake.
  16. 112Having something done, and letting it happen« Make » and « let », with the doer in an unexpected place.
  17. 113The past infinitive« After eating » is not enough here.
  18. 114What stands first is what is stressedEnglish can front an object and stop there; here it has to leave a pronoun behind.
  19. 115The set phrases with ci and neSix of the commonest sentences in the language, and none of them can be taken apart.

C1 Das Feine: Ton, Register, seltene Formen.

Schritt 116 bis 121 von 121

Weiteres6

  1. 116The future seen from back thenOne English word, « would », and two unrelated Italian forms.
  2. 117Rules and signsA sign here addresses nobody at all.
  3. 118Joins instead of seFive of them, and only one takes the indicative.
  4. 119Turning the sentence roundNothing here is ungrammatical — and that is what makes it hard to correct.
  5. 120The nominal style« On arrival » is al mio arrivo — and the article is not optional.
  6. 121Softening and hedgingEnglish has no -ino, and « a small problem » is not the same move.

Alle Themen als Übersicht Was jede Stufe bedeutet