B1 · 148 个单词
不分主题的词 III
谈原因、结果和条件时需要的词。
从这里开始，不分主题的词变得抽象了。它们不属于任何领域，却出现在每一篇长一点的文章里——报告里有，小说里也有。对说中文的人来说，难点往往不在意思，而在用法：unless 等于“除非”，后面却要用肯定形式，Nothing moves unless somebody asks.；interest 既是“兴趣”又是“利息”；history 是发生过的历史，讲出来的故事则是 story。不少名词还有固定搭配，比如 pay attention to、in the absence of，最好整块记住。
单词
显示方式
动词 (27)
to produce产生；生产动词B1
The meeting produced no decision at all.会议根本没有做出任何决定。
to solve解决动词B1
It does not solve the problem and it never did.这解决不了问题，过去也从来没解决过。
“解决问题”是 solve a problem，不要说 solve a question。
to recognise认出；识别动词B1
The village was easy to recognise on the map.这个村子在地图上很好认。
to disappear消失动词B1
The path had not disappeared; it was simply unused.那条小路并没有消失，只是没人走了。
to consider考虑动词B1
The committee only considered what was on its agenda.委员会只考虑了议程上的事项。
to exist存在动词B1
The apparatus did not exist when he wrote.他写作的时候，这种装置还不存在。
to gain获得；增加动词B1
Precision was gained at every step.每走一步，精确度都有所提高。
to intend打算；想要动词B1
That is longer than he intends to stay.那比他打算待的时间要长。
to frighten使害怕；吓唬动词B1
Nothing about that frightened her.这件事没有一点让她感到害怕。
to widen拓宽；加宽动词B1
It had gone when the road was widened.道路拓宽的时候，它就没了。
to accompany伴随；陪同动词B1
Any report was from then on accompanied by a single question.从那以后，每份报告都会附上一个问题。
to defend捍卫；辩护动词B1
She had defended it for nine years.她为它辩护了九年。
to depend取决于；依靠动词B1
His argument did not depend on them.他的论证并不依赖于它们。
介词用 on：It depends on the weather.，不要说 depend of。
to copy抄写；复制动词B1
Nobody had thought to copy the figure into the new table.谁也没想到要把那个数字抄进新表里。
to create创造；造成动词B1
That is the position the second signature exists to create.第二个签名存在的意义，正是要造成这样一种局面。
to divide分开；划分动词B1
A third signature would divide the responsibility further.再加一个签名，会把责任进一步分散。
to edit编辑；修改动词B1
She edited the section and argued about the correction.她修改了这一节，还为那处更正争论了一番。
to attempt尝试；试图动词B1
A record that a repair was attempted is not the repair.尝试过修补的记录并不等于修补本身。
to shorten缩短；删减动词B1
Each step had shortened the step before it.每一步都把前一步删短了一些。
to continue继续动词B1
The meeting continued after the break.休息过后，会议继续进行。
to contain包含；装有动词B1
The box contained nothing but old letters.箱子里只有一些旧信件。
to separate分开；分离动词B1
Separate the paper from the plastic.把纸和塑料分开。
to pull拉；拽动词B1
Pull the door towards you.把门朝你这边拉。
to pick挑选；采摘动词B1
Pick the one you would want to read twice.挑一本你愿意读两遍的。
to destroy毁坏；摧毁动词B1
One wet night destroyed the whole harvest.一个雨夜就毁了整季的收成。
to roll滚动动词B1
The barrel began to roll before anyone reached it.还没人赶到，那个桶就开始滚了。
to kill杀死；使死亡动词B1
One late frost can kill the whole row.一场晚霜就能冻死一整排。
名词 (78)
alternative替代方案；别的选择名词B1
The alternative was worse and everybody knew it.另一种选择更糟，这一点大家都清楚。
absence缺乏；不在名词B1
In the absence of a plain answer they decided anyway.在得不到明确答复的情况下，他们还是做了决定。
explanation解释；说明名词B1
He could offer no explanation and did not invent one.他给不出任何解释，也没有编一个出来。
replacement替换（物）；替代品名词B1
The replacement cost less than the failure did.更换的费用比故障造成的损失要少。
introduction引言；导言名词B1
She makes the point in her introduction.她在引言里就提出了这个观点。
paragraph段落名词B1
The whole argument is in one paragraph.整个论证都在一个段落里。
instrument仪器；器具名词B1
The instrument that would have shown it did not exist.本可以显示出这一点的仪器当时还不存在。
instrument 也指乐器，要看上下文。
convention惯例；常规做法名词B1
The convention has survived four changes of chair.这个惯例经历了四任主席，一直保留了下来。
circumstances情况；环境名词B1
He read it in circumstances nobody had foreseen.他是在谁也没料到的情况下读到它的。
通常用复数，介词用 in：in these circumstances（在这种情况下）。
compromise妥协；折中名词B1
The compromise is unglamorous and it works.这个折中办法毫不起眼，却很管用。
confidence信心；把握名词B1
What was lost was not accuracy but confidence.失去的不是准确性，而是信心。
temptation诱惑名词B1
The temptation to leave them out was considerable.把它们省掉的诱惑相当大。
expert专家名词B1
Two experts read the same clause differently.两位专家对同一条款的理解不一样。
load负荷；负载名词B1
Given the loads recorded in the log, the part held.按照日志里记录的负荷，这个零件撑住了。
machinery机构；运作机制名词B1
The machinery of a small town is slower and warmer.小城的运转机制更慢，也更有人情味。
machinery 本义是“机器（总称）”，不可数，不说 a machinery。
reader读者名词B1
Two readers took opposite meanings from that clause.两位读者对那条条款的理解截然相反。
exception例外名词B1
The exceptions were not exceptions at all.那些例外其实根本算不上例外。
difficulty困难；难处名词B1
The difficulty lay in recording it.难处在于把它记录下来。
error错误；差错名词B1
He noticed the error on the second day.第二天他发现了那个错误。
member成员；会员名词B1
The figure was quoted once by a member of a committee.这个数字只被一位委员会成员引用过一次。
system系统；体系名词B1
The system would not accept the delivery.系统不接受这批货。
situation情况；局面名词B1
Within a month the situation was back where it started.不到一个月，局面又回到了起点。
instruction指示；说明名词B1
There was no instruction anywhere on the sheet.这张单子上哪儿都没有说明。
entry条目；记录名词B1
The entries were records and not promises.这些条目是记录，而不是承诺。
position处境；立场名词B1
He read the file in the position of somebody who had not decided.他是以一个还没拿定主意的人的立场来读这份卷宗的。
correction更正；改正名词B1
The correction ran to four lines at the foot of page two.更正有四行，在第二页的底部。
section部分；（报纸的）分册名词B1
The article had been on the front of the second section.那篇文章当时登在报纸第二叠的首页。
record记录名词B1
A correction is a record that a repair was attempted.更正只是“曾尝试修补”的一个记录。
sense意义；含义名词B1
It was urgent in the ordinary sense in which everything is urgent.它急，是在“什么事都急”那种平常意义上的急。
sense 还有“感觉、理智”等义；in this sense 是“在这个意义上”。
effect效果；影响名词B1
The effect had been observed in one setting only.这种效应只在一种环境下观察到过。
名词是 effect，动词“影响”通常是 affect，两个词读音相近，很容易写错。
procedure程序；手续名词B1
The ordinary procedure would have produced a wrong result.按通常的程序会得出错误的结果。
period时期；期间名词B1
The offer is valid for a period of six weeks.这个报价的有效期为六周。
在美式英语里 period 也指句号。
gap空白；间隔名词B1
There is a gap of two years in the file.档案里有两年的空白。
limit限制；限度名词B1
The speed limit here is thirty.这里限速三十。
level水平；高度名词B1
The water level rose by two metres.水位上涨了两米。
control控制；操纵名词B1
She lost control of the car on the ice.她在冰面上失去了对车的控制。
“检查、核查”一般说 check，control 主要是“控制、掌控”。
risk风险名词B1
The risk is small but it is not zero.风险很小，但不是零。
speed速度名词B1
The train slowed to walking speed.火车慢到了步行的速度。
surface表面名词B1
Wipe the surface before you paint it.刷漆之前先把表面擦干净。
pressure压力；气压名词B1
Check the pressure in the tyres once a month.每个月检查一次轮胎气压。
material材料；料子名词B1
The material is heavier than it looks.这种材料比看上去要重。
area地区；区域名词B1
The whole area was closed for two days.整个区域封闭了两天。
cause原因名词B1
Nobody found the cause of the noise.没人找到噪音的原因。
“……的原因”说 the cause of；reason 后面则常跟 for：the reason for。
energy能源；精力名词B1
The building uses less energy than the old one.这栋楼比原来那栋用的能源少。
shape形状名词B1
The stone had the shape of an egg.那块石头是蛋形的。
trade贸易名词B1
Trade between the two towns is old.这两个城镇之间的贸易由来已久。
base底座；基础名词B1
The lamp has a heavy base.这盏灯有个很重的底座。
safety安全名词B1
Safety comes before speed.安全第一，速度第二。
safety 指防事故、防危险的安全；防偷盗、防袭击的安全保障多用 security。
quality质量；品质名词B1
The quality of the paper is good.这纸的质量很好。
history历史；来历名词B1
The house has a long history.这栋房子有很长的历史。
history 是真实发生过的历史；讲出来的故事是 story。
event活动；事件名词B1
The event was moved to the following week.活动推迟到了下一周。
unit单位；单件名词B1
The price is given for one unit.价格按单件计算。
option选项；选择名词B1
There were two options and neither was good.有两个选项，哪个都不好。
metal金属名词B1
The handle is metal and gets cold.把手是金属的，摸起来凉。
blood血名词B1
There was blood on the paper.纸上有血。
读音近似 /blʌd/，oo 在这里不读长音 /uː/。
gas煤气；燃气名词B1
Turn the gas off before you leave.走之前把煤气关掉。
在美式英语里 gas 还指汽油，英式说 petrol。
land土地；地名词B1
The land behind the house belongs to the town.房子后面那块地归镇上所有。
“国家”是 country，land 主要指土地、陆地。
contact联系；接触名词B1
We have had no contact since March.从三月以来我们就没有联系过。
action行动；措施名词B1
The report ends with three actions.报告最后列出了三项措施。
pair一双；一对名词B1
She bought a pair of shoes.她买了一双鞋。
a pair of 用于成对的东西：鞋、眼镜、裤子；一对恋人或夫妻通常说 a couple。
total总数；总计名词B1
The total was higher than the estimate.总额比估算的要高。
oil油；机油名词B1
Check the oil before a long drive.长途开车前检查一下机油。
region地区名词B1
The rain came late in this region.这个地区的雨来得晚。
interest利息；兴趣名词B1
The loan carries interest of three per cent.这笔贷款的利率是百分之三。
两个完全不同的意思：“兴趣”和“利息”。
product产品名词B1
The product is sold in three sizes.这款产品有三种尺寸。
practice实践；练习名词B1
In practice it works differently.实际上它的运作方式不一样。
in practice 是“实际上”。英式拼写中名词是 practice，动词是 practise。
programme节目；方案名词B1
The programme starts at eight.节目八点开始。
英式拼作 programme；但电脑程序在英式里也写 program。
attack攻击；进攻名词B1
The attack came from the side nobody watched.攻击来自谁都没盯着的那一侧。
cycle周期；循环名词B1
The whole cycle takes eleven days.整个周期需要十一天。
“自行车”是 bicycle 或 bike。
centimetre厘米名词B1
The board is two centimetres too short.这块板短了两厘米。
美式拼作 centimeter。
response回应；答复名词B1
Her response came the same afternoon.她的答复当天下午就来了。
target目标名词B1
The target was set before anyone had counted.目标是在还没人统计之前就定好的。
death死亡；去世名词B1
The letter arrived a week after his death.那封信在他去世一周后才寄到。
death 是名词，dead 是形容词，die 是动词。
choice选择名词B1
There was a choice of three, and none of them was good.有三个可选，没有一个好的。
image图像；形象名词B1
The image on the screen was sharper than the print.屏幕上的图像比印出来的更清晰。
attention注意；注意力名词B1
The sign is there and nobody pays attention to it.牌子就在那儿，却没人注意它。
“注意某事”是 pay attention to something，动词用 pay。
description描述；说明名词B1
The description fitted two of the three houses.这段描述符合三栋房子里的两栋。
flag旗子；旗帜名词B1
A red flag on the beach means nobody swims.海滩上挂红旗，就表示谁也不许下水。
形容词 (30)
particular特定的；特别的形容词B1
Four things had to be settled in a particular order.有四件事必须按特定的顺序解决。
specific具体的；明确的形容词B1
The terms are specific enough to be checked.这些条款写得足够具体，可以逐一核对。
original原来的；最初的形容词B1
Almost nothing of the original wording is left.最初的措辞几乎一点也没留下。
available可用的；可获得的形容词B1
Both readings are available and neither is wrong.两种理解都说得通，哪一种也不算错。
available 在这里是“现成可用的”。说人时表示“有空”：Are you available on Friday?
effective有效的形容词B1
Sitting down was the most effective thing he did.坐下来是他做过的最有效的一件事。
consistent一致的；前后统一的形容词B1
His abbreviations were consistent and undocumented.他的缩写前后一致，却从来没有说明。
considerable相当大的；可观的形容词B1
The difference was considerable and nobody checked it.差别相当大，却没有人去核实。
sharp敏锐的；锋利的形容词B1
The sharper point is the one she makes at the end.更犀利的观点是她在结尾提出的那个。
firm坚实的；稳固的形容词B1
The ground was firmer here than in the field.这里的地面比田里结实。
anonymous匿名的；不为人知的形容词B1
In the city they had been anonymous for eleven years.在城里，他们默默无闻地过了十一年。
unable不能的；无法的形容词B1
It will be read as evidence that they were unable to decide.这会被看作他们无法做出决定的证据。
结构是 be unable to + 动词原形，相当于 cannot，但更正式。
hourly每小时的形容词B1
The train to the city ran hourly until seven.去城里的火车七点前每小时一班。
complete完整的；齐全的形容词B1
His signature meant that the paperwork was complete.他一签字，就表示手续齐全了。
helpful有帮助的；乐于助人的形容词B1
The supplier had moved the date to be helpful.供应商改了日期，本意是帮忙。
reasonable通情达理的；合理的形容词B1
He said that they were all reasonable people.他说他们都是讲道理的人。
ordinary普通的；平常的形容词B1
It was urgent in the ordinary sense in which everything is urgent.它急，是在“什么事都急”那种平常意义上的急。
unfair不公平的形容词B1
The answer she was given was not unfair.她得到的答复并非不公平。
general一般的；总体的形容词B1
It had become a statement about the effect in general.它已经变成了一个关于这种效应的笼统说法。
unusual不寻常的形容词B1
The case was unusual enough that nobody wrote a rule.这个情况太少见，所以没有人为它制定规则。
normal正常的；平常的形容词B1
The result is normal for this time of year.这个结果在每年这个时候是正常的。
common常见的；共同的形容词B1
This is a common mistake.这是个常见的错误。
两个意思：“常见的”和“共同的”；have something in common 是“有共同点”。
direct直接的；直达的形容词A2
There is no direct train, so you change once.没有直达的火车，所以要换乘一次。
impossible不可能的形容词B1
The date was impossible and everyone knew it.那个日期根本不可能，大家都知道。
false错误的；不真实的形容词B1
The first report turned out to be false.第一份报告后来证明是错误的。
private私人的；私有的形容词B1
It was a private road, and the sign said so.那是一条私人道路，牌子上写得很清楚。
thick厚的；浓密的形容词B1
The wall is thick enough to keep the noise out.这堵墙够厚，能把噪音挡在外面。
natural天然的；自然的形容词B1
The natural colour fades faster than the dye.天然的颜色比染料褪得快。
human人的；人类的形容词B1
The mistake was human and the system allowed it.这个错误是人为的，而系统允许它发生。
personal个人的；私人的形容词B1
That is a personal question and you need not answer it.这是个私人问题，你可以不回答。
likely很可能的形容词B1
The likely answer and the true one were not the same.可能的答案和真正的答案并不一样。
likely 是“很可能的”，和 like（喜欢）无关；常用 be likely to：It is likely to rain.
副词 (9)
plainly直白地；明显地副词B1
He put it plainly at the hearing.他在听证会上把话说得很直白。
halfway在中途；一半副词B1
A catalogue that changes halfway through is two catalogues.一份中途改了规则的目录，其实就是两份目录。
downwards向下副词B1
The driver appeared to be looking downwards.司机看起来像是在往下看。
loudly大声地副词B1
Nobody argued loudly.没有人大声争吵。
otherwise不同地；否则副词B1
The head of the section might decide otherwise.这个部门的负责人可能另有决定。
wrongly错误地副词B1
The third box had been filled in wrongly for years.第三栏多年来一直填错了。
visibly明显地；看得出地副词B1
Shortening the sentence would then be visibly wrong.那时再缩短这个句子，就会明显出错。
backwards向后；倒着副词B1
She read the list backwards and found the mistake.她把单子倒着读了一遍，找到了错误。
英式多用 backwards，美式多用 backward。
mostly大部分；主要地副词B1
The audience was mostly people who had come alone.观众大多是独自来的人。
代词 (1)
whatever无论什么；任何……的东西代词B1
Take whatever you need.你需要什么就拿什么。
介词 (1)
onto到……上介词B1
She lifted the case onto the rack without help.她没让人帮忙，自己把箱子举到了行李架上。
连词 (1)
unless除非；如果不连词B1
Nothing moves unless somebody asks.除非有人提出要求，否则什么都不会动。
unless 本身已含否定，后面用肯定形式：unless somebody asks，不说 unless somebody does not ask。
短语 (1)
per cent百分之……短语B1
Nearly forty per cent of the seats were empty.近百分之四十的座位空着。
英语先说数字再说 per cent：forty per cent，和中文“百分之四十”的顺序相反。美式写作 percent。
这个词表属于基础词汇：共十二个词表、687 个单词，也可以整体练习。
练习这个词表
从这 148 个单词里出题，每轮 20 个：先练今天到期的，再练新词。先选择，再填空，最后自己写出来。答错的词很快会再次出现。