have 활용

뜻 가지다, 먹다, 마시다, (일을) 하다
레벨 A1
활용 유형 불규칙

이 동사의 특이점

여러 시제에서 불규칙합니다. 표 전체를 외우는 것이 가장 확실합니다. → 불규칙 동사
외워 둘 세 가지 기본형: have – had – had.
-ing를 붙일 때의 특별한 철자(묵음 e 탈락, 자음 겹침, -ie → -y): having. → 현재진행형(Present Progressive)

굵게 밑줄 친 부분은 어미입니다. ◆ 표시는 규칙에서 벗어난 형태입니다.

직설법

Present simple현재

I	have
you	have
he/she/it	has
we	have
you	have
they	have

자세히: 현재 시제(Simple Present)

Past simple완료된 과거

I	had
you	had
he/she/it	had
we	had
you	had
they	had

자세히: 과거 시제(Simple Past)

Present perfect현재완료

I	have had
you	have had
he/she/it	has had
we	have had
you	have had
they	have had

자세히: 현재완료(Present Perfect)

Past perfect과거완료

I	had had
you	had had
he/she/it	had had
we	had had
you	had had
they	had had

자세히: 과거완료(Past Perfect)

Future (will)미래

I	will have
you	will have
he/she/it	will have
we	will have
you	will have
they	will have

자세히: will

Future perfect미래완료

I	will have had
you	will have had
he/she/it	will have had
we	will have had
you	will have had
they	will have had

조건법

Conditional (would)조건법

I	would have
you	would have
he/she/it	would have
we	would have
you	would have
they	would have

자세히: 2형 조건문

Conditional perfect조건법 과거

I	would have had
you	would have had
he/she/it	would have had
we	would have had
you	would have had
they	would have had

진행형

Present progressive현재진행

I	am having
you	are having
he/she/it	is having
we	are having
you	are having
they	are having

자세히: 현재진행형(Present Progressive)

Past progressive과거진행

I	was having
you	were having
he/she/it	was having
we	were having
you	were having
they	were having

자세히: 과거진행형(Past Progressive)

Present perfect progressive현재완료진행

I	have been having
you	have been having
he/she/it	has been having
we	have been having
you	have been having
they	have been having

자세히: 현재완료진행형(Present Perfect Progressive)

Past perfect progressive과거완료진행

I	had been having
you	had been having
he/she/it	had been having
we	had been having
you	had been having
they	had been having

Future progressive미래진행

I	will be having
you	will be having
he/she/it	will be having
we	will be having
you	will be having
they	will be having

명령법

Imperative긍정 명령

you	have
we	let's have

자세히: 명령문

비한정형

Infinitive and participles부정사, 동명사, 분사

infinitive	have
to-infinitive	to have
-ing form	having
past participle	had

자세히: 불규칙 동사 · 뒤에 -ing 형태가 오는 동사

과정에 나오는 예문

모든 문장은 이 과정의 단어 목록이나 문법 주제에서 가져왔습니다. 동사 형태에 표시가 있고, 그 아래에 어떤 시제와 인칭인지 적혀 있습니다.

She had an idea.그녀에게 생각이 하나 떠올랐어요.
had — Past simple · I; Past simple · you
We have two cats.우리는 고양이를 두 마리 키워요.
have — Present simple · I; Present simple · you
She has a new job.그녀는 새 직장을 구했어요.
has — Present simple · he/she/it
I am having lunch with Peter tomorrow.내일 피터랑 점심 먹어요.
having — -ing form · 어떤 미래 표현을 언제 쓸까?
I have a bad cold.감기에 심하게 걸렸어요.
have — Present simple · I; Present simple · you
I have a headache.머리가 아파요.
have — Present simple · I; Present simple · you

흔한 함정

틀림 I live in Seoul since 2015.

맞음 I have lived in Seoul since 2015.

“2015년부터 서울에 살고 있어요”는 한국어로 현재형이라 I live in Seoul since 2015라고 옮기기 쉬워요. 하지만 과거에 시작해서 지금까지 이어지는 일은 영어에서 현재완료예요. I have lived in Seoul since 2015. 기간을 말할 때도 같아요. “5년째”는 for five years이고, since 뒤에는 2015나 last May 같은 시작점만 와요. since five years라고는 하지 않아요.

현재완료(Present Perfect)

짧은 연습

빈칸 5개. 먼저 위의 예문에서, 다음으로 활용표에서 나옵니다. 모든 답이 복습에 반영됩니다.