be 활용

뜻 -이다, 있다
레벨 A1
활용 유형 불규칙

이 동사의 특이점

여러 시제에서 불규칙합니다. 표 전체를 외우는 것이 가장 확실합니다. → 불규칙 동사
외워 둘 세 가지 기본형: be – was – been.

굵게 밑줄 친 부분은 어미입니다. ◆ 표시는 규칙에서 벗어난 형태입니다.

직설법

Present simple현재

I	am
you	are
he/she/it	is
we	are
you	are
they	are

자세히: 현재 시제(Simple Present)

Past simple완료된 과거

I	was
you	were
he/she/it	was
we	were
you	were
they	were

자세히: 과거 시제(Simple Past)

Present perfect현재완료

I	have been
you	have been
he/she/it	has been
we	have been
you	have been
they	have been

자세히: 현재완료(Present Perfect)

Past perfect과거완료

I	had been
you	had been
he/she/it	had been
we	had been
you	had been
they	had been

자세히: 과거완료(Past Perfect)

Future (will)미래

I	will be
you	will be
he/she/it	will be
we	will be
you	will be
they	will be

자세히: will

Future perfect미래완료

I	will have been
you	will have been
he/she/it	will have been
we	will have been
you	will have been
they	will have been

조건법

Conditional (would)조건법

I	would be
you	would be
he/she/it	would be
we	would be
you	would be
they	would be

자세히: 2형 조건문

Conditional perfect조건법 과거

I	would have been
you	would have been
he/she/it	would have been
we	would have been
you	would have been
they	would have been

진행형

Present progressive현재진행

I	am being
you	are being
he/she/it	is being
we	are being
you	are being
they	are being

자세히: 현재진행형(Present Progressive)

Past progressive과거진행

I	was being
you	were being
he/she/it	was being
we	were being
you	were being
they	were being

자세히: 과거진행형(Past Progressive)

Present perfect progressive현재완료진행

I	have been being
you	have been being
he/she/it	has been being
we	have been being
you	have been being
they	have been being

자세히: 현재완료진행형(Present Perfect Progressive)

Past perfect progressive과거완료진행

I	had been being
you	had been being
he/she/it	had been being
we	had been being
you	had been being
they	had been being

Future progressive미래진행

I	will be being
you	will be being
he/she/it	will be being
we	will be being
you	will be being
they	will be being

명령법

Imperative긍정 명령

you	be
we	let's be

자세히: 명령문

비한정형

Infinitive and participles부정사, 동명사, 분사

infinitive	be
to-infinitive	to be
-ing form	being
past participle	been

자세히: 불규칙 동사 · 뒤에 -ing 형태가 오는 동사

과정에 나오는 예문

모든 문장은 이 과정의 단어 목록이나 문법 주제에서 가져왔습니다. 동사 형태에 표시가 있고, 그 아래에 어떤 시제와 인칭인지 적혀 있습니다.

I am hungry.배고파요.
am — Present simple · I
Is it urgent?급한 일인가요?
Is — Present simple · he/she/it
It was great fun.정말 재미있었어요.
was — Past simple · I; Past simple · he/she/it
We are almost there.거의 다 왔어요.
are — Present simple · you; Present simple · we
His shoes were dirty.그의 신발은 더러웠어요.
were — Past simple · you; Past simple · we
Be careful on the stairs.계단에서 조심해.
Be — infinitive; to-infinitive

흔한 함정

틀림 Sorry, I can't come now. I cook dinner.

맞음 Sorry, I can't come now. I am cooking dinner.

한국 학습자가 자주 하는 실수는 두 가지예요. 하나는 진행형을 아예 쓰지 않는 것이에요. “지금 저녁 해요.”를 그대로 옮겨 I cook dinner now라고 하면 “저는 (평소에) 저녁을 해요.”처럼 들려요. 다른 하나는 -ing만 쓰고 be를 빼는 것이에요. I cooking dinner. What are you doing?이라는 질문에는 I am cooking dinner라고 답해요.

현재진행형(Present Progressive)

짧은 연습

빈칸 5개. 먼저 위의 예문에서, 다음으로 활용표에서 나옵니다. 모든 답이 복습에 반영됩니다.