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EveryLingua

A1

Anfänger

Auf dieser Stufe reicht die Sprache für alles, was man in den ersten Tagen braucht: den eigenen Namen, die Herkunft, den Beruf, die Familie, Zahlen, Uhrzeiten, Essen und Trinken.

Die Sätze sind kurz und stehen für sich. Wer hier ankommt, kann sagen was ist, was er hat und was er möchte — noch nicht, was gestern war.

Noch ohne Familie26

être, avoir and there is

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A1être — to beName, origin, job, quality, place.A1avoir — to havePossession, age, and everything that happens to you.A1Age, hunger, fear — all with avoirWhere English says «be», French says «have».A1il y a — there is, there areOne form for the singular and the plural.

The present tense

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A1Verbs in -erThe largest set, and almost without exceptions.A1Verbs in -irThe group with -iss- in the plural.A1The irregular verbsTen verbs that follow no rule — and you need them most.

The articles

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A1le, la, lesThe definite article — and what it tells you about the word.A1un, une, desAnd the plural of «a», which English does not have.A1du, de la, des — the partitive articleIn front of anything you cannot count.A1au, aux, du, des — à and de with the articleTwo prepositions that fuse with le and les.

The nouns

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A1Masculine or feminineA category English simply does not have.A1The pluralThe same -s as in English, except that nobody says it.

The adjectives

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A1AgreementAn -e for the feminine, an -s for the plural.A1Before or after the nounAfter is the rule, and the exception is a short list.

The pronouns

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A1Whose it isIt agrees with the thing, so «his» and «her» become one word.

Questions and negation

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A1ne … pasTwo words, with the verb in between — and no «do».A1Asking with est-ce queA fixed phrase in front, doing the job English gives to «do».A1The question words«What» splits into three, and one of them is an adjective.

The past

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A1Passé composé with avoirThe shape of «I have spoken», the job of «I spoke».

The future

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A1aller + infinitive«Going to», with the same verb and the same emptiness.

Requests and commands

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A1The three formsOne English form becomes three, and one of them is «let’s».

Can, must, want

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A1pouvoir and vouloirOrdinary verbs where English has defective ones.

The small words

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A1à and deTwo words that fuse, where English never fuses anything.

Spelling and sound

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A1The silent endingsIn English silent letters are accidents; here they carry the grammar.A1The élisionAn apostrophe means the opposite of what it means in English.