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B2

Fließend

Hier verschwindet die Anstrengung aus dem Zuhören. Ein Vortrag, eine Diskussion, ein Zeitungstext im eigenen Fachgebiet gehen ohne ständiges Nachfragen durch.

Beim Sprechen kommt eine Wahl dazu, die es vorher nicht gab: Für dieselbe Sache gibt es jetzt mehrere Formulierungen, und sie klingen unterschiedlich höflich, unterschiedlich sicher, unterschiedlich formell.

Noch ohne Familie19

The past

1

B2The passato remotoA past chosen by the page and by the map, never by the clock.

The future

2

B2The future that is not oneIt says how sure you are, not when.B2The futuro anteriore« Will have finished » — and, unlike English, after « when » as well.

The passive

2

B2The passive with venireIt separates what « is closed » leaves together.B2The passive that means mustandare plus a participle carries an instruction inside it.

The congiuntivo

1

B2The congiuntivo in the past« If I were » in every tense, and not only in that one phrase.

If-sentences

4

B2When it is too late« If I had known, I would have come » — the same shape, twice over.B2Conditions without se« Unless » already carries its negative — and so does a meno che non.B2Mixed conditionsA past condition with a consequence that is still going on.B2Wishes and regretsThere is no verb for « I wish » — a word does the work instead.

Joining sentences

1

B2The relative pronouns beyond cheThe preposition goes to the front and takes cui with it.

Reported speech

3

B2The tense moves back one stepOnly when the reporting verb is in the past — as in English.B2Passing on a questionNo question mark — and nothing to undo, because nothing was inverted.B2The reporting verbsAnd « pretendere » is not « to pretend ».

What follows a verb

3

B2The gerundio outside the progressiveYour dangling participle, and here it really is a mistake.B2Having something done, and letting it happen« Make » and « let », with the doer in an unexpected place.B2The past infinitive« After eating » is not enough here.

The finish

2

B2What stands first is what is stressedEnglish can front an object and stop there; here it has to leave a pronoun behind.B2The set phrases with ci and neSix of the commonest sentences in the language, and none of them can be taken apart.