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A1  ·  40 个单词

个人与家庭

你是谁,家里有哪些人。

介绍自己和家人,是学任何语言时第一段像样的对话。对说中文的人来说,有三个坑。第一,中文亲属称谓分得很细,英语却很笼统:哥哥、弟弟都是 brother,姐姐、妹妹都是 sister,叔叔、舅舅、姑父都是 uncle,堂兄妹、表兄妹统统是 cousin。要说清长幼,就加 older 或 younger:my younger brother。第二,口语里“他”和“她”发音一样,英语却必须分清 he 和 she、his 和 her,说到家人时最容易混。第三,年龄用 to be:I am thirty,不能照中文“有”说成 I have thirty years。

单词

动词 (2)

to live住,居住;生活动词A1
They live near the station.他们住在车站附近。
to grow up长大动词B1
I grew up in a small village.我在一个小村子里长大。

名词 (29)

family家庭,家人名词A1
My family lives in Bremen.我家住在不来梅。

family 作主语时,单数动词最稳妥:my family lives。

mother母亲,妈妈名词A1
My mother is a teacher.我妈妈是老师。
father父亲,爸爸名词A1
His father works at the hospital.他爸爸在医院工作。
parents父母名词A1
My parents are on holiday.我父母在度假。
child孩子,儿童名词A1
Every child gets a free ticket.每个孩子都能拿到一张免费票。

复数是不规则的 children,不是 childs。

son儿子名词A1
Their son is at university.他们的儿子在上大学。
daughter女儿名词A1
My daughter turns ten in May.我女儿五月满十岁。
brother兄弟(哥哥或弟弟)名词A1
I have one brother and two sisters.我有一个兄弟和两个姐妹。

英语一般不分哥哥、弟弟;需要时说 older brother、younger brother(英式也说 big/little brother)。

sister姐妹(姐姐或妹妹)名词A1
Her sister moved to Vienna.她姐姐搬到维也纳去了。
grandmother祖母,外祖母(奶奶,外婆)名词A1
My grandmother is ninety.我奶奶九十岁了。

英语不分父系、母系:奶奶和外婆都是 grandmother,口语常说 grandma。

grandfather祖父,外祖父(爷爷,外公)名词A1
His grandfather built this house.他爷爷盖了这栋房子。

爷爷和外公都是 grandfather,口语常说 grandpa。

aunt姑妈,姨妈,伯母,婶婶,舅妈名词A2
We stayed with my aunt.我们住在我姨妈家。

中文里好几种称呼,英语只有一个 aunt。

uncle叔叔,伯伯,舅舅,姑父,姨父名词A2
My uncle sold his farm.我舅舅把他的农场卖了。

中文里好几种称呼,英语只有一个 uncle。

cousin堂兄弟姐妹,表兄弟姐妹名词A2
My cousin lives in Canada.我表姐住在加拿大。

cousin 不分男女、长幼,也不分“堂”和“表”。

husband丈夫名词A1
Her husband picks up the children.她丈夫去接孩子。
wife妻子名词A1
His wife runs a small shop.他妻子开了一家小店。
friend朋友名词A1
She is a friend from school.她是我上学时的朋友。

friend 只是普通朋友。男朋友、女朋友要说 boyfriend、girlfriend 或 partner。

partner伴侣,另一半名词A2
My partner and I share the flat.我和我的伴侣合住这套公寓。
neighbour邻居名词A2
Our neighbour feeds the cat.我们的邻居帮忙喂猫。

英式拼写 neighbour,美式 neighbor。

man男人名词A1
A man asked me for directions.一个男人向我问路。
woman女人名词A1
The woman at the desk was very helpful.服务台的那位女士很热心。

复数 women 的第一个音节读作 /ˈwɪm/,和单数 woman 读音不同。

people人,人们名词A1
A lot of people were waiting outside.外面有很多人在等。

people 本身就是复数:people are,不是 people is,也不要再加 s。

person人(一个)名词A1
Only one person can go in.一次只能进一个人。
first name名(不含姓)名词A1
Please write your first name here.请在这里写上你的名字。

英语名在前、姓在后。表格上的 first name 只填名,姓填在 surname 栏。

surname姓名词A2
My surname is difficult to spell.我的姓很难拼。
age年龄名词A1
Children under the age of six travel free.六岁以下的儿童免费乘车。
relative亲戚,亲属名词B1
We have relatives in Austria.我们在奥地利有亲戚。
twin双胞胎之一名词B1
They are twins, but they look different.他们是双胞胎,但长得不一样。
adult成年人名词A2
Two adults and one child travel for the price of two.两个大人带一个孩子,只付两个人的钱。

形容词 (5)

old老的,旧的;……岁的形容词A1
How old are you?你多大了?

年龄用 to be:I am thirty,不能说 I have thirty years。

young年轻的形容词A1
She is younger than her brother.她比她哥哥小。
married已婚的形容词A2
They have been married for ten years.他们结婚十年了。

“和某人结婚”是 married to somebody,不是 married with。“结婚十年”用现在完成时:have been married for ten years。

single单身的,未婚的形容词A2
She is single and lives alone.她单身,一个人住。
alone独自,单独形容词A1
He was travelling alone.他当时是一个人出行。

副词 (1)

together一起副词A1
We went there together.我们是一起去的。

短语 (3)

to be born出生短语A2
I was born in Leipzig.我出生在莱比锡。

永远是被动形式,而且用过去时:I was born,不是 I am born 或 I born。

to get to know逐渐了解,结识短语B1
It takes time to get to know a city.熟悉一座城市需要时间。
to look like长得像短语A2
She looks like her mother.她长得像她妈妈。

这个词表属于人与家庭:共四个词表、169 个单词,也可以整体练习。

练习这个词表

从这 40 个单词里出题,每轮 20 个:先练今天到期的,再练新词。先选择,再填空,最后自己写出来。答错的词很快会再次出现。