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EveryLingua

C2  ·  26 words

Shoemaking

The parts of a shoe, the ways of joining them and the trade’s own turns of phrase, from the last to the sole.

Everything in this workshop is built round der Leisten, the wooden or plastic foot that a shoe takes its shape from, and English has the very same word in the cobbler’s « last ». Both go back to a Germanic noun for a track or footprint: Old English had lāst and Gothic laists in that sense, so the tool is named after the mark a foot leaves behind. From the same noun came a verb that first meant to follow a track, and then to carry something through. German kept it as leisten, to achieve or to provide; English kept it as « to last », to go on. One footprint therefore left a workshop tool in both languages, a German verb of performance and an English verb of endurance. A practical warning to go with it: the plural die Leisten is also the plural of die Leiste, a strip or moulding, so only the singular article keeps the two apart.

The words

Verb (4)

zwickento last (draw the upper over the last)VerbC2
Das Oberleder wird feucht gezwickt, damit es sich glatt an den Leisten legt.The upper is lasted while damp so that it lies smoothly against the last.

In everyday German: to pinch, to nip.

besohlento sole, to resoleVerbC1
Die Stiefel wurden schon zweimal neu besohlt.The boots have already been resoled twice.

Inseparable: hat besohlt. Neu besohlen is to resole.

doppelnto resole (southern German, Austrian)VerbC2
In Wien bringt man die Schuhe zum Schuster und lässt sie doppeln.In Vienna you take your shoes to the cobbler to have them resoled.

Regional. In general usage it can also mean to double.

austretento wear in, to stretch by wearing (shoes)VerbC1
Neue Bergschuhe sollte man zu Hause austreten, bevor man damit eine lange Tour geht.New mountain boots should be worn in at home before you take them on a long walk.

Separable and irregular: trat aus, ausgetreten. Also to leave a party or a church.

This list belongs to Home and the building — 18 lists and 670 words that can also be practised as a whole.

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Multiple choice and gaps, drawn from exactly these 26 words. Whatever you get wrong comes back tomorrow.