False friends: German–English
64 words that look like English and mean something else. This list is built the other way round from the usual ones: on the left is what you want to say, next to it the German word for it — and only then the trap. If all you know is what a word does not mean, you are still stuck in the conversation.
Everyday
The pairs that come up in your very first conversations.
| You mean | That is | Not this one | Because that means |
|---|---|---|---|
| to become | werden | bekommen | to get, to receive |
| Ich habe heute einen Brief von meiner Oma bekommen.I got a letter from my gran today.In a café, Ich bekomme einen Kaffee is simply an order. Nobody expects you to turn into one. | |||
| where | wo | wer | who |
| Wer hat die Tür offen gelassen?Who left the door open?The two question words look as if they had swapped: wer is who, wo is where. | |||
| I will | ich werde | ich will | I want (to) |
| Ich will heute Abend ins Kino.I want to go to the cinema tonight.Ich will states a wish, and a blunt one. The future is ich werde — or, more often, simply the present tense: Ich rufe dich morgen an. | |||
| handy | praktisch | das Handy | mobile phone |
| Ich habe mein Handy im Büro liegen lassen.I left my mobile at the office.The noun looks English and is not: nobody in Britain calls a phone a handy. | |||
| fast | schnell | fast | almost, nearly |
| Ich bin fast fertig.I’m almost done. | |||
| kind | nett | das Kind | child |
| Das Kind schläft schon.The child is already asleep.The adjective is nett or freundlich; the noun, as in what kind of, is die Art — itself a trap, see art below. | |||
| bald | kahl | bald | soon |
| Der Zug kommt bald.The train will be here soon.Of a person, German names the head rather than the man: Er hat eine Glatze. | |||
| also | auch | also | so, therefore |
| Es regnet, also bleiben wir zu Hause.It’s raining, so we’re staying in.At the start of a sentence, also is often a filler, much like well or right then. | |||
| gift | das Geschenk | das Gift | poison |
| Manche Pilze enthalten ein tödliches Gift.Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison.The old sense survives in a single word: die Mitgift, a dowry. | |||
| rock | der Felsen | der Rock | skirt |
| Sie trägt heute einen langen Rock.She’s wearing a long skirt today.Rock music is der Rock as well, so the word is only half a trap — the skirt is the half that catches people. | |||
| brave | mutig | brav | well-behaved, good |
| Die Kinder waren heute sehr brav.The children were very good today. | |||
| sea | das Meer | der See | lake |
| Im Sommer schwimmen wir im See.In summer we swim in the lake.Die See, feminine, really is the sea, mostly in fixed phrases such as an der See or in die Nordsee. The article carries the whole difference. | |||
| map | die Landkarte | die Mappe | folder, document wallet |
| Die Unterlagen liegen in der blauen Mappe.The papers are in the blue folder.A town map is der Stadtplan; on a phone, die Karte is enough. | |||
| menu | die Speisekarte | das Menü | set meal |
| Mittags gibt es ein Menü mit Suppe und Nachtisch.At lunchtime there’s a set meal with soup and pudding.On a screen, das Menü is exactly the English menu. | |||
| chips | die Pommes | die Chips | crisps |
| Zum Film gab es eine Tüte Chips.We had a bag of crisps with the film.A British trap only. An American reader, for whom chips are crisps anyway, gets this one right by accident. | |||
| art | die Kunst | die Art | kind, sort; way; species |
| Welche Art von Musik hörst du gern?What kind of music do you like?Two common phrases show the range: auf diese Art, in this way, and eine bedrohte Art, an endangered species. | |||
| rent | die Miete | die Rente | pension |
| Meine Oma bekommt eine kleine Rente.My gran gets a small pension.In Rente gehen is to retire. | |||
| hose | der Schlauch | die Hose | trousers |
| Die Hose ist mir zu lang.These trousers are too long for me.Die Hose is singular where trousers are plural: Die Hose ist neu — the trousers are new. | |||
| to wander | bummeln | wandern | to hike, to go walking |
| Am Wochenende wandern wir in den Alpen.At the weekend we’re going walking in the Alps.Wandern means boots and a route. Drifting aimlessly through town is bummeln. | |||
| to spend (money) | ausgeben | spenden | to donate |
| Sie spendet jedes Jahr für das Tierheim.She gives money to the animal shelter every year.Time is spent with verbringen: Wir haben das Wochenende am Meer verbracht. | |||
| gymnasium | die Turnhalle | das Gymnasium | academic secondary school, roughly a grammar school |
| Meine Tochter geht seit dem Sommer aufs Gymnasium.My daughter has been at grammar school since the summer.A gym for working out is das Fitnessstudio. | |||
| receipt | die Quittung | das Rezept | prescription; recipe |
| Für dieses Medikament brauchen Sie ein Rezept.You need a prescription for this medicine.A till receipt from a shop is usually der Kassenbon. | |||
| smoking | das Rauchen | der Smoking | dinner jacket |
| Zur Hochzeit trug er einen Smoking.He wore a dinner jacket to the wedding.The sign you are looking for says Rauchen verboten. | |||
| lust | die Begierde | die Lust | the wish to do something |
| Hast du Lust auf einen Kaffee?Do you fancy a coffee?Lust can carry the English sense too, but day to day it is about wanting to: Ich habe keine Lust — I can’t be bothered. | |||
| mist | der Nebel | der Mist | manure; (informal) rubbish, nonsense |
| Red keinen Mist!Don’t talk rubbish!As an exclamation, Mist! is a mild curse, roughly blast! or damn! | |||
| caution | die Vorsicht | die Kaution | deposit (on a rented flat); bail |
| Die Kaution beträgt zwei Monatsmieten.The deposit is two months’ rent.The warning sign says Vorsicht! | |||
| dome | die Kuppel | der Dom | cathedral |
| Vom Turm des Doms sieht man die ganze Stadt.From the cathedral tower you can see the whole city. | |||
| preservative | das Konservierungsmittel | das Präservativ | condom |
| Präservative bekommt man in jeder Drogerie.You can buy condoms at any chemist’s.The food label you want reads ohne Konservierungsstoffe. | |||
At work
What goes wrong in a meeting or an e-mail.
| You mean | That is | Not this one | Because that means |
|---|---|---|---|
| chef | der Koch | der Chef | boss, head |
| Mein Chef ist diese Woche im Urlaub.My boss is on holiday this week.A head chef is der Küchenchef — the one word where the two meet. | |||
| college | die Hochschule | der Kollege | colleague |
| Mein Kollege ist heute krank.My colleague is off sick today.Die Hochschule fits a college at university level; a sixth-form or further-education college has no single German counterpart. | |||
| eventually | schließlich | eventuell | possibly, perhaps |
| Eventuell verschieben wir das Treffen auf Freitag.We might move the meeting to Friday.The costly one in e-mails: eventuell offers a possibility, while eventually promises that something will happen in the end. | |||
| actually | eigentlich | aktuell | current, up to date |
| Das sind die aktuellen Zahlen vom Montag.These are the current figures from Monday.When actually means in fact, tatsächlich is closer; when it softens a correction, eigentlich. | |||
| fabric | der Stoff | die Fabrik | factory |
| Er arbeitet seit zwanzig Jahren in derselben Fabrik.He has worked in the same factory for twenty years. | |||
| provision | die Vorkehrung | die Provision | commission (on a sale) |
| Der Makler bekommt für jede Wohnung eine Provision.The estate agent gets a commission on every flat.Provisions in the sense of food for a journey are der Proviant. | |||
| personal | persönlich | das Personal | staff, personnel |
| Das Personal im Hotel war sehr freundlich.The hotel staff were very friendly. | |||
| billion | die Milliarde | die Billion | a million million, an English trillion |
| Eine Billion hat zwölf Nullen.A trillion has twelve noughts.German counts on the long scale: Million, Milliarde, Billion, Billiarde, each a thousand times the last. | |||
| prospect | die Aussicht | der Prospekt | brochure, leaflet |
| Im Reisebüro hat sie einen Prospekt über Norwegen mitgenommen.She picked up a brochure on Norway at the travel agent’s. | |||
| concern | die Sorge | der Konzern | group of companies, corporation |
| Der Konzern hat Werke in ganz Europa.The group has plants all over Europe.A concern in the sense of a matter someone raises is das Anliegen. | |||
| etiquette | die Etikette | das Etikett | label |
| Auf dem Etikett stehen die Zutaten.The ingredients are listed on the label.One letter and one article apart — and both came into German from the same French word. | |||
| direction | die Richtung | die Direktion | management; head office |
| Die Beschwerde ging direkt an die Direktion.The complaint went straight to the management.Directions to a place are die Wegbeschreibung. | |||
| branch (of a firm) | die Filiale | die Branche | sector, industry |
| In unserer Branche kennt jeder jeden.In our industry everybody knows everybody.The branch of a tree is der Ast or, if it is thin, der Zweig. | |||
| balance (of an account) | der Kontostand | die Bilanz | balance sheet; overall result |
| Die Firma hat ihre Bilanz für das letzte Jahr veröffentlicht.The company has published its balance sheet for last year.Bilanz ziehen is to take stock; balance in the sense of equilibrium is das Gleichgewicht. | |||
| engagement (to marry) | die Verlobung | das Engagement | commitment, involvement |
| Wir danken Ihnen für Ihr Engagement im Verein.Thank you for all you have done for the club.It is pronounced the French way, and for a performer it can also mean a booking at a theatre. | |||
| promotion (at work) | die Beförderung | die Promotion | doctorate |
| Nach der Promotion ging sie in die Forschung.After her doctorate she went into research.Marketing German has borrowed the English sense, pronounced the English way. On a CV, though, Promotion is a PhD. | |||
| physician | der Arzt | der Physiker | physicist |
| Ihre Schwester ist Physikerin und arbeitet in Genf.Her sister is a physicist and works in Geneva. | |||
Nearly right
Words that exist — just not for what you mean.
| You mean | That is | Not this one | Because that means |
|---|---|---|---|
| sensible | vernünftig | sensibel | sensitive |
| Er ist ein sehr sensibler Mensch.He is a very sensitive person. | |||
| sympathetic | mitfühlend | sympathisch | likeable, pleasant |
| Ich finde deinen Bruder sehr sympathisch.I think your brother is really nice.Sympathy after a death is das Beileid: Mein herzliches Beileid. | |||
| to control | steuern | kontrollieren | to check, to inspect |
| Im Zug hat niemand die Fahrkarten kontrolliert.Nobody checked the tickets on the train.In a few phrases the English sense is there — die Kontrolle verlieren, to lose control — which is exactly what makes the everyday checking sense catch people out. | |||
| pension | die Rente | die Pension | guest house |
| Wir haben in einer kleinen Pension am See übernachtet.We stayed at a small guest house by the lake.The English sense is there in part: in Germany a civil servant’s pension is a Pension, and in Austria in Pension gehen is the ordinary way to retire. Elsewhere it is die Rente. | |||
| high school | die weiterführende Schule | die Hochschule | university-level institution |
| Nach dem Abitur ging sie an eine Hochschule in Leipzig.After her A levels she went to a university in Leipzig.In a British context the plain word is secondary school, and that is the one to translate. | |||
| genial | freundlich | genial | brilliant, ingenious |
| Das ist eine geniale Idee!That’s a brilliant idea! | |||
| ordinary | gewöhnlich | ordinär | vulgar, crude |
| Seine Witze waren ziemlich ordinär.His jokes were pretty crude.An older sense, run-of-the-mill, still turns up — but the first thing a listener hears is vulgar. | |||
| irritated | gereizt | irritiert | confused, thrown |
| Die widersprüchlichen Angaben haben mich irritiert.The contradictory information threw me.In everyday speech the annoyed sense is spreading, so the word is ambiguous rather than plainly wrong. If you mean annoyed, genervt or gereizt leaves no doubt. | |||
| blame | die Schuld | die Blamage | embarrassment, disgrace |
| Das Ergebnis war eine Blamage für die ganze Mannschaft.The result was an embarrassment for the whole team.The verb follows suit: sich blamieren is to make a fool of yourself. | |||
| to oversee | beaufsichtigen | übersehen | to overlook, to miss |
| Den Fehler auf Seite drei habe ich leider übersehen.I’m afraid I missed the mistake on page three. | |||
| stark | krass | stark | strong |
| Der Kaffee ist mir zu stark.The coffee is too strong for me.A stark contrast is ein krasser Gegensatz; a stark landscape is karg; stark naked is splitternackt. | |||
| decent | anständig | dezent | discreet, understated |
| Sie trug ein dezentes Parfüm.She was wearing a subtle perfume. | |||
| familiar | vertraut | familiär | to do with the family; relaxed, homely |
| Aus familiären Gründen kann er heute nicht kommen.He can’t come today for family reasons.Eine familiäre Atmosphäre is a relaxed, homely one — nothing to do with having been there before. | |||
| objective (aim) | das Ziel | das Objektiv | camera lens |
| Für Porträts nehme ich ein anderes Objektiv.For portraits I use a different lens.As an adjective, objektiv does mean objective. | |||
| novel | der Roman | die Novelle | novella; amendment to a law |
| Im Deutschunterricht haben wir eine Novelle von Theodor Storm gelesen.In German lessons we read a novella by Theodor Storm. | |||
| stadium | das Stadion | das Stadium | stage, phase |
| Die Krankheit wurde in einem frühen Stadium erkannt.The illness was caught at an early stage.Two letters apart, and both neuter, so the article gives nothing away. | |||
| consequently | folglich | konsequent | consistent, rigorous, uncompromising |
| Sie hat ihren Plan konsequent umgesetzt.She carried her plan through without compromise.The noun die Konsequenz does mean consequence, which makes the adjective all the more treacherous. | |||
| to overhear | mithören | überhören | not to hear; to ignore on purpose |
| Die spitze Bemerkung habe ich einfach überhört.I simply let the barbed remark pass.Overhearing by chance is zufällig mithören. | |||
| undertaker | der Bestatter | der Unternehmer | entrepreneur, business owner |
| Ihr Großvater war Unternehmer und hatte eine kleine Druckerei.Her grandfather ran his own business, a small printing firm.The parts really do match — unternehmen is to undertake — but only the English word ended up at funerals. | |||