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EveryLingua

False friends: German–English

64 words that look like English and mean something else. This list is built the other way round from the usual ones: on the left is what you want to say, next to it the German word for it — and only then the trap. If all you know is what a word does not mean, you are still stuck in the conversation.

Everyday

The pairs that come up in your very first conversations.

You meanThat isNot this oneBecause that means
to becomewerdenbekommento get, to receive
Ich habe heute einen Brief von meiner Oma bekommen.I got a letter from my gran today.In a café, Ich bekomme einen Kaffee is simply an order. Nobody expects you to turn into one.
wherewowerwho
Wer hat die Tür offen gelassen?Who left the door open?The two question words look as if they had swapped: wer is who, wo is where.
I willich werdeich willI want (to)
Ich will heute Abend ins Kino.I want to go to the cinema tonight.Ich will states a wish, and a blunt one. The future is ich werde — or, more often, simply the present tense: Ich rufe dich morgen an.
handypraktischdas Handymobile phone
Ich habe mein Handy im Büro liegen lassen.I left my mobile at the office.The noun looks English and is not: nobody in Britain calls a phone a handy.
fastschnellfastalmost, nearly
Ich bin fast fertig.I’m almost done.
kindnettdas Kindchild
Das Kind schläft schon.The child is already asleep.The adjective is nett or freundlich; the noun, as in what kind of, is die Art — itself a trap, see art below.
baldkahlbaldsoon
Der Zug kommt bald.The train will be here soon.Of a person, German names the head rather than the man: Er hat eine Glatze.
alsoauchalsoso, therefore
Es regnet, also bleiben wir zu Hause.It’s raining, so we’re staying in.At the start of a sentence, also is often a filler, much like well or right then.
giftdas Geschenkdas Giftpoison
Manche Pilze enthalten ein tödliches Gift.Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison.The old sense survives in a single word: die Mitgift, a dowry.
rockder Felsender Rockskirt
Sie trägt heute einen langen Rock.She’s wearing a long skirt today.Rock music is der Rock as well, so the word is only half a trap — the skirt is the half that catches people.
bravemutigbravwell-behaved, good
Die Kinder waren heute sehr brav.The children were very good today.
seadas Meerder Seelake
Im Sommer schwimmen wir im See.In summer we swim in the lake.Die See, feminine, really is the sea, mostly in fixed phrases such as an der See or in die Nordsee. The article carries the whole difference.
mapdie Landkartedie Mappefolder, document wallet
Die Unterlagen liegen in der blauen Mappe.The papers are in the blue folder.A town map is der Stadtplan; on a phone, die Karte is enough.
menudie Speisekartedas Menüset meal
Mittags gibt es ein Menü mit Suppe und Nachtisch.At lunchtime there’s a set meal with soup and pudding.On a screen, das Menü is exactly the English menu.
chipsdie Pommesdie Chipscrisps
Zum Film gab es eine Tüte Chips.We had a bag of crisps with the film.A British trap only. An American reader, for whom chips are crisps anyway, gets this one right by accident.
artdie Kunstdie Artkind, sort; way; species
Welche Art von Musik hörst du gern?What kind of music do you like?Two common phrases show the range: auf diese Art, in this way, and eine bedrohte Art, an endangered species.
rentdie Mietedie Rentepension
Meine Oma bekommt eine kleine Rente.My gran gets a small pension.In Rente gehen is to retire.
hoseder Schlauchdie Hosetrousers
Die Hose ist mir zu lang.These trousers are too long for me.Die Hose is singular where trousers are plural: Die Hose ist neu — the trousers are new.
to wanderbummelnwandernto hike, to go walking
Am Wochenende wandern wir in den Alpen.At the weekend we’re going walking in the Alps.Wandern means boots and a route. Drifting aimlessly through town is bummeln.
to spend (money)ausgebenspendento donate
Sie spendet jedes Jahr für das Tierheim.She gives money to the animal shelter every year.Time is spent with verbringen: Wir haben das Wochenende am Meer verbracht.
gymnasiumdie Turnhalledas Gymnasiumacademic secondary school, roughly a grammar school
Meine Tochter geht seit dem Sommer aufs Gymnasium.My daughter has been at grammar school since the summer.A gym for working out is das Fitnessstudio.
receiptdie Quittungdas Rezeptprescription; recipe
Für dieses Medikament brauchen Sie ein Rezept.You need a prescription for this medicine.A till receipt from a shop is usually der Kassenbon.
smokingdas Rauchender Smokingdinner jacket
Zur Hochzeit trug er einen Smoking.He wore a dinner jacket to the wedding.The sign you are looking for says Rauchen verboten.
lustdie Begierdedie Lustthe wish to do something
Hast du Lust auf einen Kaffee?Do you fancy a coffee?Lust can carry the English sense too, but day to day it is about wanting to: Ich habe keine Lust — I can’t be bothered.
mistder Nebelder Mistmanure; (informal) rubbish, nonsense
Red keinen Mist!Don’t talk rubbish!As an exclamation, Mist! is a mild curse, roughly blast! or damn!
cautiondie Vorsichtdie Kautiondeposit (on a rented flat); bail
Die Kaution beträgt zwei Monatsmieten.The deposit is two months’ rent.The warning sign says Vorsicht!
domedie Kuppelder Domcathedral
Vom Turm des Doms sieht man die ganze Stadt.From the cathedral tower you can see the whole city.
preservativedas Konservierungsmitteldas Präservativcondom
Präservative bekommt man in jeder Drogerie.You can buy condoms at any chemist’s.The food label you want reads ohne Konservierungsstoffe.

At work

What goes wrong in a meeting or an e-mail.

You meanThat isNot this oneBecause that means
chefder Kochder Chefboss, head
Mein Chef ist diese Woche im Urlaub.My boss is on holiday this week.A head chef is der Küchenchef — the one word where the two meet.
collegedie Hochschuleder Kollegecolleague
Mein Kollege ist heute krank.My colleague is off sick today.Die Hochschule fits a college at university level; a sixth-form or further-education college has no single German counterpart.
eventuallyschließlicheventuellpossibly, perhaps
Eventuell verschieben wir das Treffen auf Freitag.We might move the meeting to Friday.The costly one in e-mails: eventuell offers a possibility, while eventually promises that something will happen in the end.
actuallyeigentlichaktuellcurrent, up to date
Das sind die aktuellen Zahlen vom Montag.These are the current figures from Monday.When actually means in fact, tatsächlich is closer; when it softens a correction, eigentlich.
fabricder Stoffdie Fabrikfactory
Er arbeitet seit zwanzig Jahren in derselben Fabrik.He has worked in the same factory for twenty years.
provisiondie Vorkehrungdie Provisioncommission (on a sale)
Der Makler bekommt für jede Wohnung eine Provision.The estate agent gets a commission on every flat.Provisions in the sense of food for a journey are der Proviant.
personalpersönlichdas Personalstaff, personnel
Das Personal im Hotel war sehr freundlich.The hotel staff were very friendly.
billiondie Milliardedie Billiona million million, an English trillion
Eine Billion hat zwölf Nullen.A trillion has twelve noughts.German counts on the long scale: Million, Milliarde, Billion, Billiarde, each a thousand times the last.
prospectdie Aussichtder Prospektbrochure, leaflet
Im Reisebüro hat sie einen Prospekt über Norwegen mitgenommen.She picked up a brochure on Norway at the travel agent’s.
concerndie Sorgeder Konzerngroup of companies, corporation
Der Konzern hat Werke in ganz Europa.The group has plants all over Europe.A concern in the sense of a matter someone raises is das Anliegen.
etiquettedie Etikettedas Etikettlabel
Auf dem Etikett stehen die Zutaten.The ingredients are listed on the label.One letter and one article apart — and both came into German from the same French word.
directiondie Richtungdie Direktionmanagement; head office
Die Beschwerde ging direkt an die Direktion.The complaint went straight to the management.Directions to a place are die Wegbeschreibung.
branch (of a firm)die Filialedie Branchesector, industry
In unserer Branche kennt jeder jeden.In our industry everybody knows everybody.The branch of a tree is der Ast or, if it is thin, der Zweig.
balance (of an account)der Kontostanddie Bilanzbalance sheet; overall result
Die Firma hat ihre Bilanz für das letzte Jahr veröffentlicht.The company has published its balance sheet for last year.Bilanz ziehen is to take stock; balance in the sense of equilibrium is das Gleichgewicht.
engagement (to marry)die Verlobungdas Engagementcommitment, involvement
Wir danken Ihnen für Ihr Engagement im Verein.Thank you for all you have done for the club.It is pronounced the French way, and for a performer it can also mean a booking at a theatre.
promotion (at work)die Beförderungdie Promotiondoctorate
Nach der Promotion ging sie in die Forschung.After her doctorate she went into research.Marketing German has borrowed the English sense, pronounced the English way. On a CV, though, Promotion is a PhD.
physiciander Arztder Physikerphysicist
Ihre Schwester ist Physikerin und arbeitet in Genf.Her sister is a physicist and works in Geneva.

Nearly right

Words that exist — just not for what you mean.

You meanThat isNot this oneBecause that means
sensiblevernünftigsensibelsensitive
Er ist ein sehr sensibler Mensch.He is a very sensitive person.
sympatheticmitfühlendsympathischlikeable, pleasant
Ich finde deinen Bruder sehr sympathisch.I think your brother is really nice.Sympathy after a death is das Beileid: Mein herzliches Beileid.
to controlsteuernkontrollierento check, to inspect
Im Zug hat niemand die Fahrkarten kontrolliert.Nobody checked the tickets on the train.In a few phrases the English sense is there — die Kontrolle verlieren, to lose control — which is exactly what makes the everyday checking sense catch people out.
pensiondie Rentedie Pensionguest house
Wir haben in einer kleinen Pension am See übernachtet.We stayed at a small guest house by the lake.The English sense is there in part: in Germany a civil servant’s pension is a Pension, and in Austria in Pension gehen is the ordinary way to retire. Elsewhere it is die Rente.
high schooldie weiterführende Schuledie Hochschuleuniversity-level institution
Nach dem Abitur ging sie an eine Hochschule in Leipzig.After her A levels she went to a university in Leipzig.In a British context the plain word is secondary school, and that is the one to translate.
genialfreundlichgenialbrilliant, ingenious
Das ist eine geniale Idee!That’s a brilliant idea!
ordinarygewöhnlichordinärvulgar, crude
Seine Witze waren ziemlich ordinär.His jokes were pretty crude.An older sense, run-of-the-mill, still turns up — but the first thing a listener hears is vulgar.
irritatedgereiztirritiertconfused, thrown
Die widersprüchlichen Angaben haben mich irritiert.The contradictory information threw me.In everyday speech the annoyed sense is spreading, so the word is ambiguous rather than plainly wrong. If you mean annoyed, genervt or gereizt leaves no doubt.
blamedie Schulddie Blamageembarrassment, disgrace
Das Ergebnis war eine Blamage für die ganze Mannschaft.The result was an embarrassment for the whole team.The verb follows suit: sich blamieren is to make a fool of yourself.
to overseebeaufsichtigenübersehento overlook, to miss
Den Fehler auf Seite drei habe ich leider übersehen.I’m afraid I missed the mistake on page three.
starkkrassstarkstrong
Der Kaffee ist mir zu stark.The coffee is too strong for me.A stark contrast is ein krasser Gegensatz; a stark landscape is karg; stark naked is splitternackt.
decentanständigdezentdiscreet, understated
Sie trug ein dezentes Parfüm.She was wearing a subtle perfume.
familiarvertrautfamiliärto do with the family; relaxed, homely
Aus familiären Gründen kann er heute nicht kommen.He can’t come today for family reasons.Eine familiäre Atmosphäre is a relaxed, homely one — nothing to do with having been there before.
objective (aim)das Zieldas Objektivcamera lens
Für Porträts nehme ich ein anderes Objektiv.For portraits I use a different lens.As an adjective, objektiv does mean objective.
novelder Romandie Novellenovella; amendment to a law
Im Deutschunterricht haben wir eine Novelle von Theodor Storm gelesen.In German lessons we read a novella by Theodor Storm.
stadiumdas Stadiondas Stadiumstage, phase
Die Krankheit wurde in einem frühen Stadium erkannt.The illness was caught at an early stage.Two letters apart, and both neuter, so the article gives nothing away.
consequentlyfolglichkonsequentconsistent, rigorous, uncompromising
Sie hat ihren Plan konsequent umgesetzt.She carried her plan through without compromise.The noun die Konsequenz does mean consequence, which makes the adjective all the more treacherous.
to overhearmithörenüberhörennot to hear; to ignore on purpose
Die spitze Bemerkung habe ich einfach überhört.I simply let the barbed remark pass.Overhearing by chance is zufällig mithören.
undertakerder Bestatterder Unternehmerentrepreneur, business owner
Ihr Großvater war Unternehmer und hatte eine kleine Druckerei.Her grandfather ran his own business, a small printing firm.The parts really do match — unternehmen is to undertake — but only the English word ended up at funerals.

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