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C2  ·  44 words

Biochemistry

Enzymes, bonds and control: chemistry that has to keep a cell alive.

Most of this list is the vocabulary of the textbook and the bench, and much of it becomes transparent once a compound is read from the right: die Endprodukthemmung is inhibition by the end product. One verb deserves a warning. Konkurrieren looks like « to concur », and an English reader tends to hear agreement in it. It means to compete: Substrat und Hemmstoff konkurrieren um das aktive Zentrum, substrate and inhibitor compete for the active site, and adding more substrate tips the contest back its way. That is the whole idea behind die kompetitive Hemmung. The noun is die Konkurrenz, competition or one’s competitors, never agreement; to concur is zustimmen or übereinstimmen. The older sense of running alongside survives in one corner only, constitutional law, where die konkurrierende Gesetzgebung is concurrent legislative power: the states may legislate as long as the federation has not.

The words

Verb (6)

konkurrierento competeVerbC1
Bei der kompetitiven Hemmung konkurrieren Substrat und Hemmstoff um dasselbe aktive Zentrum.In competitive inhibition, substrate and inhibitor compete for the same active site.

mit jemandem um etwas konkurrieren: to compete with someone for something. Never to concur.

hemmento inhibitVerbC1
Schon geringe Mengen Blei hemmen mehrere Enzyme der Hämsynthese.Even small amounts of lead inhibit several enzymes of haem synthesis.

Regular: hemmt, hemmte, gehemmt. Of a person, gehemmt means inhibited, awkward.

phosphorylierento phosphorylateVerbC2
Dieses Enzym wird erst aktiv, wenn es an zwei Stellen phosphoryliert ist.This enzyme only becomes active once it has been phosphorylated at two sites.

Past participle without ge-: phosphoryliert.

denaturierento denatureVerbC2
Beim Kochen denaturiert das Eiweiß im Ei und wird fest.When an egg is boiled, its protein denatures and sets.

Transitive and intransitive: Hitze denaturiert das Protein; das Protein denaturiert.

entkoppelnto uncoupleVerbC2
Dinitrophenol entkoppelt die Atmungskette von der ATP-Bildung, und die Energie geht als Wärme verloren.Dinitrophenol uncouples the respiratory chain from ATP production, and the energy is lost as heat.

Inseparable: entkoppelt, hat entkoppelt.

aufreinigento purify (in the lab)VerbC2
Das Enzym wurde in drei Schritten aufgereinigt, bevor man seine Aktivität bestimmte.The enzyme was purified in three steps before its activity was measured.

Separable: reinigt auf, hat aufgereinigt. Plain reinigen is to clean.

This list belongs to Nature, weather and living things — 42 lists and 1564 words that can also be practised as a whole.

Practise this list

Multiple choice and gaps, drawn from exactly these 44 words. Whatever you get wrong comes back tomorrow.