C2 · 50 words
International law in Spanish
Treaties between states, immunity, the law of the sea and international courts.
El pabellón is the flag a ship sails under — un buque de pabellón panameño — and « pavilion » is a building at a garden party. The Spanish word covers both of those and one more: el pabellón is a wing of a hospital or a hall at a trade fair, and el pabellón auricular is the outer ear. English took the architecture and left the rest, and the flag sense is the one this page needs. The everyday flag on a pole, by the way, is la bandera: pabellón belongs to ships.
The words
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Phrase (50)
el derecho internacional públicothe law between states, which has no legislator above itPhraseC2
El derecho internacional público carece de legislador.Public international law has no legislator.
el sujeto de derecho internacionalthe bearer of rights in that law, first of all the statePhraseC2
El sujeto de derecho internacional por excelencia es el Estado.The subject of international law above all others is the state.
la soberanía estatalthe state's own authority, bounded by what it has signedPhraseC2
La soberanía estatal encuentra su límite en el propio tratado.State sovereignty finds its limit in the treaty itself.
el reconocimiento de Estadosthe acknowledging of a state, which is a political actPhraseC2
El reconocimiento de Estados es un acto político.The recognition of states is a political act.
el principio de no intervenciónthe rule against reaching into another state's own businessPhraseC2
El principio de no intervención veda injerirse en asuntos internos.The principle of non-intervention forbids interfering in internal affairs.
la libre determinación de los pueblosthe peoples' right to decide, invoked when empires were unwoundPhraseC2
La libre determinación de los pueblos se invocó en la descolonización.Self-determination of peoples was invoked during decolonisation.
el tratado internacionalthe agreement between states, in force once it is depositedPhraseC2
El tratado internacional entra en vigor tras el depósito.The international treaty comes into force after deposit.
la firma ad referéndumthe signing that still waits for the capital to confirm itPhraseC2
La firma ad referéndum aún no obliga al Estado.Signature ad referendum does not yet bind the state.
el instrumento de adhesiónthe paper by which a state joins a treaty already madePhraseC2
El instrumento de adhesión se depositó ante el secretario general.The instrument of accession was deposited with the secretary-general.
la reserva a un tratadothe setting aside of a clause, which may not hollow out the treatyPhraseC2
La reserva a un tratado no puede vaciar su objeto.A reservation to a treaty may not empty its object.
la suspensión del tratadothe putting of a treaty on hold, here for changed circumstancesPhraseC2
La suspensión del tratado se acordó por cambio fundamental de circunstancias.Suspension of the treaty was agreed for a fundamental change of circumstances.
el principio pacta sunt servandathe rule that agreements are to be kept, which carries the restPhraseC2
El principio pacta sunt servanda sostiene todo el sistema.The principle that agreements are kept holds up the whole system.
la costumbre internacionalthe law that grows out of what states actually doPhraseC2
La costumbre internacional obliga incluso sin firma.International custom binds even without a signature.
la opinio iuristhe belief that one is bound, without which practice is mere habitPhraseC2
La opinio iuris distingue la costumbre del mero hábito.Opinio iuris distinguishes custom from mere habit.
la norma imperativathe rule from which no two states may agree to departPhraseC2
La norma imperativa no admite pacto en contrario.A peremptory norm admits no agreement to the contrary.
el objetor persistentethe state that says no from the start and stays outsidePhraseC2
El objetor persistente queda fuera de la norma naciente.The persistent objector stays outside the emerging rule.
la inmunidad de jurisdicciónthe bar on suing a foreign state in one's own courtsPhraseC2
La inmunidad de jurisdicción impide demandar al Estado extranjero.Immunity from jurisdiction prevents suing the foreign state.
el agente consularthe officer who looks after nationals abroadPhraseC2
El agente consular protege a los nacionales en el extranjero.The consular officer protects nationals abroad.
el exequátur consularthe receiving state's authorisation for that officer to actPhraseC2
El exequátur consular habilita al cónsul ante el Estado receptor.The consular exequatur enables the consul before the receiving state.
el archivo de la misiónthe records of a mission, which may never be touchedPhraseC2
El archivo de la misión goza de inviolabilidad permanente.The archives of the mission enjoy permanent inviolability.
la sede de la misiónthe premises of a mission, which may not be enteredPhraseC2
La sede de la misión es inviolable.The premises of the mission are inviolable.
el refugio en la legaciónthe shelter given inside a mission, here for seven yearsPhraseC2
El refugio en la legación duró siete años.The refuge in the legation lasted seven years.
la entrega temporal del reclamadothe lending of a wanted person for a hearing and no longerPhraseC2
La entrega temporal del reclamado se pactó para declarar.Temporary surrender of the wanted person was agreed for a hearing.
el principio de no devoluciónthe ban on sending somebody back into dangerPhraseC2
El principio de no devolución impide enviar a quien corre peligro.Non-refoulement prevents sending back whoever is in danger.
el mar territorialthe belt of sea out to twelve milesPhraseC2
El mar territorial llega a doce millas.The territorial sea reaches twelve miles.
la zona contiguathe belt beyond it, where customs may still be enforcedPhraseC2
La zona contigua permite el control aduanero.The contiguous zone allows customs control.
la plataforma continentalthe seabed beyond, here divided by agreementPhraseC2
La plataforma continental se delimitó por acuerdo.The continental shelf was delimited by agreement.
el paso inocentethe passing through that may not be refused without a reasonPhraseC2
El paso inocente no puede prohibirse sin motivo.Innocent passage may not be forbidden without a reason.
el alta marthe sea that belongs to no state at allPhraseC2
El alta mar no pertenece a ningún Estado.The high seas belong to no state.
el pabellón del buquethe flag a ship sails under, which decides the law on boardPhraseC2
El pabellón del buque determina la ley aplicable a bordo.The flag of the ship determines the law applicable on board.
el espacio aéreo soberanothe air above a state, as far up as an aeroplane fliesPhraseC2
El espacio aéreo soberano llega hasta donde vuela el avión.Sovereign airspace reaches as high as the aeroplane flies.
la prohibición del uso de la fuerzathe ban on force, which allows exactly two exceptionsPhraseC2
La prohibición del uso de la fuerza admite dos excepciones.The prohibition of force admits two exceptions.
la legítima defensa del Estadothe state's right to defend itself, to be reported at oncePhraseC2
La legítima defensa del Estado debe comunicarse al Consejo.A state's self-defence must be reported to the Council.
la intervención humanitariathe intervening for humanity's sake, which is still argued overPhraseC2
La intervención humanitaria sigue siendo discutida.Humanitarian intervention is still disputed.
el derecho internacional humanitariothe law that protects whoever has stopped fightingPhraseC2
El derecho internacional humanitario protege al que ya no combate.International humanitarian law protects whoever is no longer fighting.
el principio de distinciónthe rule that parts fighters from civiliansPhraseC2
El principio de distinción separa combatientes de civiles.The principle of distinction separates combatants from civilians.
el principio de proporcionalidad bélicathe rule that limits harm done beside the targetPhraseC2
El principio de proporcionalidad bélica limita el daño colateral.Proportionality in war limits collateral harm.
el crimen de agresiónthe crime of starting the war, defined long after the othersPhraseC2
El crimen de agresión se definió mucho después que los demás.The crime of aggression was defined much later than the others.
el crimen de lesa humanidadthe crime that requires an attack carried out systematicallyPhraseC2
El crimen de lesa humanidad exige un ataque sistemático.A crime against humanity requires a systematic attack.
la jurisdicción universalthe power to try a case with no connection to it at allPhraseC2
La jurisdicción universal permite juzgar sin vínculo con el hecho.Universal jurisdiction allows trial without any link to the act.
la complementariedad de la Cortethe court's stepping back when a national one is doing the workPhraseC2
La complementariedad de la Corte cede ante el proceso nacional.The complementarity of the Court gives way to the national proceedings.
la responsabilidad internacional del Estadothe answering of a state for a wrong under this lawPhraseC2
La responsabilidad internacional del Estado nace del hecho ilícito.A state's international responsibility arises from the wrongful act.
la atribución del hecho ilícitothe fixing of that wrong on the state, groups it controls includedPhraseC2
La atribución del hecho ilícito alcanza al grupo controlado.Attribution of the wrongful act reaches the group it controls.
la contramedida lícitathe lawful reply, which ends when the wrong endsPhraseC2
La contramedida lícita debe cesar al cesar el ilícito.A lawful countermeasure must stop when the wrong stops.
la reparación integralthe making good in full, including a formal acknowledgementPhraseC2
La reparación integral incluye la satisfacción moral.Full reparation includes moral satisfaction.
el arbitraje entre Estadosthe arbitration between states, here over a river borderPhraseC2
El arbitraje entre Estados resolvió la frontera fluvial.Arbitration between states settled the river border.
la cláusula compromisoriathe clause that sends a dispute to a standing courtPhraseC2
La cláusula compromisoria remite a un tribunal permanente.The arbitration clause refers to a standing court.
la opinión consultivathe court's opinion, which does not bind and still weighsPhraseC2
La opinión consultiva no obliga, pero pesa.The advisory opinion does not bind, but it weighs.
la medida cautelar internacionalthe holding order, here made within three weeksPhraseC2
La medida cautelar internacional se dictó en tres semanas.The international interim measure was made within three weeks.
la sanción del Consejo de Seguridadthe measure of the Security Council, which freezes assetsPhraseC2
La sanción del Consejo de Seguridad congela activos.The Security Council sanction freezes assets.
This list belongs to Law and contracts — 16 lists and 800 words that can also be practised as a whole.
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From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.