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B2 · 50 words
Farming and food in Portuguese
Growing, harvest, origin, labelling — the words that run from the field to the label on the shelf.
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Ways to practise
From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list The sixth entry is a cultura agrícola , and the cognate in plain sight is a trap. English has « culture », out of the Latin cultura , and the word did once mean tillage: « the culture of the soil » survives in old books and in nothing anybody says. It has since gone indoors. « Culture » now belongs to peoples, to the arts and to a dish of bacteria in a laboratory, and it cannot be set in front of a field, so « the wheat culture is retreating in the region » is not a sentence a reader will take the way it was meant. The field word is « a crop », which has nothing Latin about it: in Old English cropp was the craw of a bird and then the swollen head of a plant, and from that head it grew outwards until it covered everything the year produced. What keeps the Latin root alive here is the tail of a compound — agriculture, horticulture, viticulture, aquaculture. So read a cultura as the crop whenever the sentence is standing in a field, and let « culture » keep the concert hall.
The words
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Verb (4)
ceifar to combine-harvest Verb B2 Ceifam antes da chuva anunciada. They combine-harvest before the rain that has been forecast.
transformar to process Verb B2
etiquetar to label Verb B2 Cada frasco é etiquetado à mão. Every jar is labelled by hand.
cultivar to grow Verb B2 Cultivam o mesmo campo há três gerações. They have grown the same field for three generations.
Phrase (6)
lançar a semente to sow the seed Phrase B2 Lança-se a semente em outubro. The seed is sown in October.
da época in season Phrase B2 Estes legumes são da época em junho. These vegetables are in season in June.
proveniente de coming from Phrase B2 O produto é proveniente de agricultura local. The product comes from local farming.
a granel loose Phrase B2 Os cereais vendem-se a granel. Cereals are sold loose.
venda na exploração the farm-gate sale Phrase B2 A venda na exploração é à sexta-feira. The farm-gate sale is on Fridays.
em estufa under glass Phrase B2 Os tomates crescem em estufa até maio. The tomatoes grow under glass until May.
Noun (f) (22)
Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo
a exploração agrícola the farm holding Noun (f) B2 A exploração agrícola tem quarenta hectares. The farm holding runs to forty hectares.
a pecuária livestock farming Noun (f) B2 A pecuária ao ar livre exige mais área. Outdoor livestock farming needs more land.
a manada the herd Noun (f) B2 A manada desce da serra em setembro. The herd comes down from the hills in September.
a pastagem the pasture Noun (f) B2 A pastagem descansa um ano em cada três. The pasture is rested one year in three.
a cultura agrícola the crop Noun (f) B2 A cultura agrícola da colza recua na região. The oilseed rape crop is losing ground in the region.
a ceifa the grain harvest Noun (f) B2 A ceifa foi antecipada em três semanas. The grain harvest was brought forward by three weeks.
a semente certificada the certified seed Noun (f) B2 A semente certificada guarda-se de um ano para o outro. Certified seed keeps from one year to the next.
a rotação de culturas the crop rotation Noun (f) B2 A rotação de culturas reduz as doenças. Crop rotation cuts down disease.
a rega the irrigation Noun (f) B2 A rega é limitada no verão. Irrigation is restricted in the summer.
a geada tardia the late frost Noun (f) B2 A geada tardia destruiu a floração. The late frost destroyed the blossom.
a vindima the grape harvest Noun (f) B2 A vindima aqui ainda se faz à mão. The grape harvest here is still done by hand.
a variedade the variety Noun (f) B2 Esta variedade resiste melhor à geada. This variety stands up to frost better.
a cooperativa the co-operative Noun (f) B2 A cooperativa compra toda a produção. The co-operative buys the whole of the output.
a denominação de origem protegida the protected designation of origin Noun (f) B2 A denominação de origem protegida abrange um nome e uma zona. A protected designation of origin covers a name and an area.
a agricultura biológica organic farming Noun (f) B2 A agricultura biológica exige três anos de conversão. Organic farming calls for three years of conversion.
a rastreabilidade alimentar food traceability Noun (f) B2 A rastreabilidade alimentar chega ao lote. Food traceability reaches down to the batch.
a recolha de produto the product recall Noun (f) B2 A recolha de produto foi anunciada na mesma noite. The product recall was announced the same evening.
a data-limite de consumo the use-by date Noun (f) B2 A data-limite de consumo não se ultrapassa. The use-by date is not to be passed.
a data de durabilidade mínima the best-before date Noun (f) B2 A data de durabilidade mínima não é uma proibição. The best-before date is not a prohibition.
a declaração nutricional the nutrition declaration Noun (f) B2 A declaração nutricional é por cem gramas. The nutrition declaration is given per hundred grams.
a segurança alimentar food security Noun (f) B2 A segurança alimentar depende também das importações. Food security also depends on imports.
a soberania alimentar food sovereignty Noun (f) B2 A soberania alimentar volta em cada debate. Food sovereignty comes back in every debate.
Noun (m) (18)
Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo
o agricultor the farmer Noun (m) B2 O agricultor semeia assim que o solo aquece. The farmer sows as soon as the soil warms up.
o rendimento por hectare the yield per hectare Noun (m) B2 O rendimento por hectare caiu depois do granizo. The yield per hectare collapsed after the hail.
o fertilizante the fertiliser Noun (m) B2 O fertilizante azotado ficou caríssimo. Nitrogen fertiliser has become extremely dear.
o pesticida the pesticide Noun (m) B2 Este pesticida está proibido há pouco tempo. This pesticide was banned only recently.
o pousio the fallow period Noun (m) B2 O pousio devolve o solo ao fim de duas estações. The fallow period gives the soil back after two seasons.
o pomar the orchard Noun (m) B2 O pomar foi replantado com variedades antigas. The orchard was replanted with old varieties.
o agrupamento de produtores the producer group Noun (m) B2 O agrupamento de produtores negoceia o preço. The producer group negotiates the price.
o circuito curto the short supply chain Noun (m) B2 O circuito curto elimina dois intermediários. The short supply chain cuts out two middlemen.
o selo de qualidade the quality mark Noun (m) B2 O selo de qualidade impõe regras precisas. The quality mark lays down precise rules.
o caderno de especificações the product specification Noun (m) B2 O caderno de especificações fixa até o compasso das plantas. The product specification fixes even the spacing of the plants.
o lote de fabrico the production batch Noun (m) B2 O lote de fabrico foi retirado da venda. The production batch was withdrawn from sale.
o aditivo the additive Noun (m) B2 Este aditivo aparece com um número. This additive appears under a number.
o conservante the preservative Noun (m) B2 O conservante prolonga o tempo de venda. The preservative lengthens the selling period.
o alergénio the allergen Noun (m) B2 O alergénio tem de aparecer a negrito. The allergen has to appear in bold.
o género alimentício the foodstuff Noun (m) B2 Os géneros alimentícios perecíveis viajam à parte. Perishable foodstuffs travel separately.
o desperdício alimentar food waste Noun (m) B2 O desperdício alimentar começa em casa. Food waste begins at home.
o matadouro the abattoir Noun (m) B2 O matadouro mais próximo fica a cem quilómetros. The nearest abattoir is a hundred kilometres away.
o apoio comunitário the EU subsidy Noun (m) B2 O apoio comunitário é pago por hectare. The EU subsidy is paid by the hectare.
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