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B2  ·  50 words

Farming and food in Portuguese

Growing, harvest, origin, labelling — the words that run from the field to the label on the shelf.

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From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

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The sixth entry is a cultura agrícola, and the cognate in plain sight is a trap. English has « culture », out of the Latin cultura, and the word did once mean tillage: « the culture of the soil » survives in old books and in nothing anybody says. It has since gone indoors. « Culture » now belongs to peoples, to the arts and to a dish of bacteria in a laboratory, and it cannot be set in front of a field, so « the wheat culture is retreating in the region » is not a sentence a reader will take the way it was meant. The field word is « a crop », which has nothing Latin about it: in Old English cropp was the craw of a bird and then the swollen head of a plant, and from that head it grew outwards until it covered everything the year produced. What keeps the Latin root alive here is the tail of a compound — agriculture, horticulture, viticulture, aquaculture. So read a cultura as the crop whenever the sentence is standing in a field, and let « culture » keep the concert hall.

The words

Verb (4)

ceifarto combine-harvestVerbB2
Ceifam antes da chuva anunciada.They combine-harvest before the rain that has been forecast.
transformarto processVerbB2
O leite é transformado no local.The milk is processed on the spot.

Conjugation of transformar →

etiquetarto labelVerbB2
Cada frasco é etiquetado à mão.Every jar is labelled by hand.
cultivarto growVerbB2
Cultivam o mesmo campo há três gerações.They have grown the same field for three generations.

Phrase (6)

lançar a sementeto sow the seedPhraseB2
Lança-se a semente em outubro.The seed is sown in October.
da épocain seasonPhraseB2
Estes legumes são da época em junho.These vegetables are in season in June.
proveniente decoming fromPhraseB2
O produto é proveniente de agricultura local.The product comes from local farming.
a granelloosePhraseB2
Os cereais vendem-se a granel.Cereals are sold loose.
venda na exploraçãothe farm-gate salePhraseB2
A venda na exploração é à sexta-feira.The farm-gate sale is on Fridays.
em estufaunder glassPhraseB2
Os tomates crescem em estufa até maio.The tomatoes grow under glass until May.

Noun (f) (22)

Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo

a exploração agrícolathe farm holdingNoun (f)B2
A exploração agrícola tem quarenta hectares.The farm holding runs to forty hectares.
a pecuárialivestock farmingNoun (f)B2
A pecuária ao ar livre exige mais área.Outdoor livestock farming needs more land.
a manadathe herdNoun (f)B2
A manada desce da serra em setembro.The herd comes down from the hills in September.
a pastagemthe pastureNoun (f)B2
A pastagem descansa um ano em cada três.The pasture is rested one year in three.
a cultura agrícolathe cropNoun (f)B2
A cultura agrícola da colza recua na região.The oilseed rape crop is losing ground in the region.
a ceifathe grain harvestNoun (f)B2
A ceifa foi antecipada em três semanas.The grain harvest was brought forward by three weeks.
a semente certificadathe certified seedNoun (f)B2
A semente certificada guarda-se de um ano para o outro.Certified seed keeps from one year to the next.
a rotação de culturasthe crop rotationNoun (f)B2
A rotação de culturas reduz as doenças.Crop rotation cuts down disease.
a regathe irrigationNoun (f)B2
A rega é limitada no verão.Irrigation is restricted in the summer.
a geada tardiathe late frostNoun (f)B2
A geada tardia destruiu a floração.The late frost destroyed the blossom.
a vindimathe grape harvestNoun (f)B2
A vindima aqui ainda se faz à mão.The grape harvest here is still done by hand.
a variedadethe varietyNoun (f)B2
Esta variedade resiste melhor à geada.This variety stands up to frost better.
a cooperativathe co-operativeNoun (f)B2
A cooperativa compra toda a produção.The co-operative buys the whole of the output.
a denominação de origem protegidathe protected designation of originNoun (f)B2
A denominação de origem protegida abrange um nome e uma zona.A protected designation of origin covers a name and an area.
a agricultura biológicaorganic farmingNoun (f)B2
A agricultura biológica exige três anos de conversão.Organic farming calls for three years of conversion.
a rastreabilidade alimentarfood traceabilityNoun (f)B2
A rastreabilidade alimentar chega ao lote.Food traceability reaches down to the batch.
a recolha de produtothe product recallNoun (f)B2
A recolha de produto foi anunciada na mesma noite.The product recall was announced the same evening.
a data-limite de consumothe use-by dateNoun (f)B2
A data-limite de consumo não se ultrapassa.The use-by date is not to be passed.
a data de durabilidade mínimathe best-before dateNoun (f)B2
A data de durabilidade mínima não é uma proibição.The best-before date is not a prohibition.
a declaração nutricionalthe nutrition declarationNoun (f)B2
A declaração nutricional é por cem gramas.The nutrition declaration is given per hundred grams.
a segurança alimentarfood securityNoun (f)B2
A segurança alimentar depende também das importações.Food security also depends on imports.
a soberania alimentarfood sovereigntyNoun (f)B2
A soberania alimentar volta em cada debate.Food sovereignty comes back in every debate.

Noun (m) (18)

Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo

o agricultorthe farmerNoun (m)B2
O agricultor semeia assim que o solo aquece.The farmer sows as soon as the soil warms up.
o rendimento por hectarethe yield per hectareNoun (m)B2
O rendimento por hectare caiu depois do granizo.The yield per hectare collapsed after the hail.
o fertilizantethe fertiliserNoun (m)B2
O fertilizante azotado ficou caríssimo.Nitrogen fertiliser has become extremely dear.
o pesticidathe pesticideNoun (m)B2
Este pesticida está proibido há pouco tempo.This pesticide was banned only recently.
o pousiothe fallow periodNoun (m)B2
O pousio devolve o solo ao fim de duas estações.The fallow period gives the soil back after two seasons.
o pomarthe orchardNoun (m)B2
O pomar foi replantado com variedades antigas.The orchard was replanted with old varieties.
o agrupamento de produtoresthe producer groupNoun (m)B2
O agrupamento de produtores negoceia o preço.The producer group negotiates the price.
o circuito curtothe short supply chainNoun (m)B2
O circuito curto elimina dois intermediários.The short supply chain cuts out two middlemen.
o selo de qualidadethe quality markNoun (m)B2
O selo de qualidade impõe regras precisas.The quality mark lays down precise rules.
o caderno de especificaçõesthe product specificationNoun (m)B2
O caderno de especificações fixa até o compasso das plantas.The product specification fixes even the spacing of the plants.
o lote de fabricothe production batchNoun (m)B2
O lote de fabrico foi retirado da venda.The production batch was withdrawn from sale.
o aditivothe additiveNoun (m)B2
Este aditivo aparece com um número.This additive appears under a number.
o conservantethe preservativeNoun (m)B2
O conservante prolonga o tempo de venda.The preservative lengthens the selling period.
o alergéniothe allergenNoun (m)B2
O alergénio tem de aparecer a negrito.The allergen has to appear in bold.
o género alimentíciothe foodstuffNoun (m)B2
Os géneros alimentícios perecíveis viajam à parte.Perishable foodstuffs travel separately.
o desperdício alimentarfood wasteNoun (m)B2
O desperdício alimentar começa em casa.Food waste begins at home.
o matadourothe abattoirNoun (m)B2
O matadouro mais próximo fica a cem quilómetros.The nearest abattoir is a hundred kilometres away.
o apoio comunitáriothe EU subsidyNoun (m)B2
O apoio comunitário é pago por hectare.The EU subsidy is paid by the hectare.

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