Diagnosis, treatment, infection and the language of the hospital.
Medical Japanese has two layers. A patient says 医者, 薬を飲む and 血; the hospital, the leaflet in the packet and the news say 医師, 服用 and 血液. You need to read the second layer even if you only ever speak the first. Hospitals are divided into departments whose names end in 〜科, and at reception you are expected to say which one you need.
The words
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Noun (40)
医療medical care; healthcareNounN2
山の中の村では、医療を受けるのが難しい。In villages up in the mountains it is hard to get medical care.
患者patientNounN3
待合室は患者でいっぱいだった。The waiting room was full of patients.
診断diagnosisNounN2
医者の診断では、骨に異常はないそうだ。According to the doctor’s diagnosis, there is nothing wrong with the bone.
Also a verb: 診断する.
治療treatmentNounN2
歯の治療で三回通った。I went three times for dental treatment.
Also a verb: 治療する.
手術operation; surgeryNounN3
祖父の手術は無事に終わった。My grandfather’s operation went well.
麻酔anaesthetic; anaesthesiaNounN2
麻酔が効いているので、痛みは感じません。The anaesthetic is working, so you will not feel any pain.
予防preventionNounN2
手洗いは風邪の予防に効果がある。Washing your hands helps to prevent colds.
Also a verb: 予防する.
予防接種vaccination; immunisationNounN2
子供に予防接種を受けさせた。I had my child vaccinated.
ワクチンvaccineNounN2
新しいワクチンの開発には何年もかかる。Developing a new vaccine takes years.
感染infectionNounN2
傷口から細菌に感染することがある。You can pick up a bacterial infection through a wound.
Also a verb: 感染する, to be infected.
感染症infectious diseaseNounN2
感染症が広がらないように、学校が休みになった。The school was closed to stop the disease from spreading.
ウイルスvirusNounN2
ウイルスには抗生物質が効かない。Antibiotics do not work against viruses.
Also a computer virus.
細菌bacteria; germsNounN2
細菌は温かくて湿った場所で増えやすい。Bacteria multiply easily in warm, damp places.
Same reading as 最近, recently.
副作用side effectNounN2
この薬には眠くなる副作用がある。This medicine can make you drowsy as a side effect.
処方prescription (by a doctor)NounN2
医者が処方した薬は最後まで飲んでください。Please take all of the medicine the doctor prescribed.
Also a verb: 処方する.
処方箋prescription (the slip)NounN2
処方箋を持って薬局に行った。I took the prescription to the pharmacy.
Often written partly in kana on pharmacy signs: 処方せん.
医薬品medicines; pharmaceuticalsNounN2
医薬品は子供の手の届かないところに保管してください。Keep medicines out of the reach of children.
服用taking (medicine)NounN2
一日三回、食後に服用してください。Take three times a day after meals.
The word on the label; in speech 薬を飲む.
錠剤tablet; pillNounN2
粉の薬が苦手なので、錠剤にしてもらった。I find powdered medicine hard to take, so I asked for tablets.
点滴drip; IVNounN2
熱が下がらず、病院で点滴を受けた。My fever would not go down, so I was put on a drip at the hospital.
発症onset (of a disease)NounN2
感染してから発症するまで数日かかることが多い。It often takes a few days from infection until the illness appears.
Also a verb: 発症する.
再発recurrence; relapseNounN2
再発を防ぐために、定期的に病院に通っている。I go to the hospital regularly to prevent a relapse.
完治complete recoveryNounN2
足のけがが完治するまで半年かかった。It took six months for my leg injury to heal completely.
持病chronic condition; long-standing illnessNounN2
祖母には心臓の持病がある。My grandmother has a long-standing heart condition.
重症serious case (of illness)NounN2
重症の患者から先に診る。The most seriously ill patients are seen first.
Seriously ill; seriously injured is 重傷, a different word with the same reading.
軽症mild case (of illness)NounN2
熱は出たが、幸い軽症で済んだ。I had a fever, but luckily it was only a mild case.
慢性chronicNounN2
慢性の腰痛に悩んでいる。I suffer from chronic back pain.
Used before a noun with の or as a prefix: 慢性疲労.
急性acuteNounN2
急性の胃腸炎で三日寝込んだ。I was laid up for three days with acute gastroenteritis.
がんcancerNounN2
父はがんが早く見つかったので、治療が間に合った。My father’s cancer was found early, so it could be treated in time.
Usually written in kana, as here.
糖尿病diabetesNounN2
甘い物の食べ過ぎは糖尿病の原因になることがある。Eating too many sweet things can lead to diabetes.
輸血blood transfusionNounN2
手術の途中で輸血が必要になった。A transfusion became necessary during the operation.
臓器internal organNounN2
臓器の提供について家族と話し合った。I talked with my family about organ donation.
移植transplantNounN2
心臓の移植を待っている患者がいる。There are patients waiting for a heart transplant.
Also transplanting a tree or a plant.
外来outpatient (department)NounN2
外来の受付は午前十一時までです。Outpatient reception is open until eleven in the morning.
Also “coming from abroad”: 外来語, a loanword.
小児科paediatricsNounN2
娘を小児科に連れて行った。I took my daughter to the paediatrician.
医療費medical costsNounN2
医療費の一部は保険で払われる。Part of the medical costs is covered by insurance.
リハビリrehabilitation; physiotherapyNounN2
退院してからも毎週リハビリに通っている。Even after leaving hospital, I still go to rehab every week.
安静rest (lying quiet to recover)NounN2
熱が下がるまで、家で安静にしていてください。Please stay at home and rest until your fever goes down.
Usually 安静にする, to keep still and rest.
病棟hospital ward; wingNounN2
祖父は三階の病棟に入院している。My grandfather is in a ward on the third floor.
診療medical consultation and treatmentNounN2
この病院は日曜日は診療をしていない。This hospital does not see patients on Sundays.
This list belongs to Body and health — seven lists and 281 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
Multiple choice and gaps, drawn from exactly these 40 words. Whatever you get wrong comes back tomorrow.