· 28 lists · 988 words

Figures and accountability

What a business has to account for.

What holds these lists together

These lists approach one question from several sides: what is there, how much of it belongs to the tax office, and in what form the whole thing exists at all. Their words either never occur in daily life or mean something else there. In the ledger il dare and l’avere are debit and credit, though they look like «to give» and «to have»; il collegio sindacale is the board of statutory auditors and has nothing to do with a trade union; le rimanenze are the closing inventory. Read with their everyday meaning, every sentence makes sense and no figure does.

The 28 lists

C1Bookkeeping and the balance sheetAssets, liabilities, the journal entry, the year end — how an Italian set of annual accounts is read.45 words C1Taxes and contributionsThe return, the taxable base, the payment on account and the tax inspection — in Italian.45 words C1Setting up and working for yourselfLegal form, articles, the register of companies, liability — the road from an idea to a registered company.46 words B2Business and financeFrom turnover to invoice — the words that mean money in an office.39 words B2Debt and adviceReminders, deadlines and advice — what the words say when the money does not stretch.37 words C1Insurance and the claimFrom the policy excess to the right of recovery.53 words C1The national economyWhat stands in the business pages, and how it all hangs together.47 words C1The audit of the accountsSample, evidence, opinion — and the limits of the engagement.40 words C1Providing for old ageWhat somebody lives on once no salary comes in any more.34 words C1Bank accounts and switching banksWhat an account costs, and how to move it without damage.34 words C1Credit and interestWhat borrowed money costs, what secures it and what it asks of the person who takes it.44 words C2Banking supervisionWho keeps an eye on the banks, and with what.35 words C2MicrofinanceSmall loans to people without collateral.29 words C2Financial reportingRecognition, measurement, presentation — one situation, two sets of figures.41 words C2LeasingUsing without owning — and the question of who the thing belongs to then.28 words C2Property valuationWhat a piece of land is worth, and how that figure is argued.27 words C2Customs tariff and origin of goodsWhere goods come from, and what they cost because of it.29 words C2ComplianceKeeping the rules, and being able to prove afterwards that you kept them.22 words C2Mining law and extractionWho owns what lies beneath the surface of a piece of land, and on what terms.24 words C2EconometricsEstimation, bias, identification — effect read out of data nobody arranged.42 words C2PaymentsHow money actually gets from one account to another.30 words C2The stock market and securitiesQuotation, spread, settlement — and what a ratio tells you.40 words C2Company valuationWhat a company is worth, and why two experts never say the same.32 words C2Foundations and public benefitMoney that belongs to a purpose and not to a person.24 words C2Monetary policyThe policy rate, the balance sheet, expectations — and which of them actually works.40 words C2ReinsuranceThe insurance of the insurers, and why it has to exist.29 words C2Energy law and the gridWho feeds in, who carries it through and who writes the bill.29 words C2Co-operativesA business owned by the customers it serves.23 words

Spread across the levels

The category runs across the levels — it is an area, not a difficulty. If you practise it, you can also choose a level at the top of the practice page and then get only the part that sits there.

Level	Words	Share
B1	11	1 %
B2	57	6 %
C1	396	40 %
C2	524	53 %

Practise this category

Multiple choice and gaps, across all 28 lists and all 988 words. Whatever you get wrong comes back tomorrow.