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Conjugation of sapere

  • Meaning to know (a fact, how to)
  • Level A1
  • Pattern irregular
  • Auxiliary avere

What is special about this verb

Bold and underlined: the ending. ◆ marks a form that breaks the rule.

Indicative

Imperfettoongoing or habitual past

iosapevo
tusapevi
lui/​leisapeva
noisapevamo
voisapevate
lorosapevano

More on this: Imperfect (imperfetto)

Trapassato prossimopast perfect

ioavevo saputo
tuavevi saputo
lui/​leiaveva saputo
noiavevamo saputo
voiavevate saputo
loroavevano saputo

More on this: Pluperfect (trapassato prossimo)

Futuro anteriorefuture perfect

ioavrò saputo
tuavrai saputo
lui/​leiavrà saputo
noiavremo saputo
voiavrete saputo
loroavranno saputo

More on this: Future perfect (futuro anteriore)

Conditional

Condizionale presenteconditional

iosaprei
tusapresti
lui/​leisaprebbe
noisapremmo
voisapreste
lorosaprebbero

More on this: Conditional (condizionale)

Condizionale passatoconditional perfect

ioavrei saputo
tuavresti saputo
lui/​leiavrebbe saputo
noiavremmo saputo
voiavreste saputo
loroavrebbero saputo

More on this: Third conditional: se avessi saputo

Subjunctive

Congiuntivo presentepresent subjunctive

iosappia
tusappia
lui/​leisappia
noisappiamo
voisappiate
lorosappiano

More on this: Subjunctive: the forms

Congiuntivo trapassatopluperfect subjunctive

ioavessi saputo
tuavessi saputo
lui/​leiavesse saputo
noiavessimo saputo
voiaveste saputo
loroavessero saputo

More on this: Third conditional: se avessi saputo

Imperative

Imperativo negativonegative imperative

tunon sapere
Leinon sappia
noinon sappiamo
voinon sappiate
Loronon sappiano

More on this: The negative imperative

Non-finite forms

Example sentences from the course

Every sentence comes from this course’s word lists or grammar topics. The verb form is highlighted, and the line below says which tense and person it is.

  • Non so dov’è.I do not know where it is.

    so — Presente · io

  • Lo shampoo sa di mela.The shampoo smells of apple.

    sa — Presente · lui/lei

  • Davvero? Non lo sapevo.Really? I did not know that.

    sapevo — Imperfetto · io

  • Lo sapeva fin dall’inizio.He knew it from the very start.

    sapeva — Imperfetto · lui/lei

  • Ha saputo addurre un argomento nuovo.He managed to adduce a fresh argument.

    saputo — participio

  • Resta un favore da restituire, e tutti lo sanno.A favour is still owed, and everybody knows it.

    sanno — Presente · loro

A common trap

Wrong Scusa, sa dov'è la posta?

Right Scusi, sa dov'è la posta?

The two endings are swapped, so the mistake is silent and symmetrical: Scusa is for a friend, Scusi for a stranger, and one letter separates them. English offers no help, having one word for both. Getting it wrong does not sound like a foreigner's slip; it sounds like a familiarity nobody offered.

Formal imperative: Lei

Quick practice

5 gaps, first from the example sentences above, then from the table. Every answer counts towards your reviews.

Keep going

Verbs with the same pattern

Related grammar topics

The forms are calculated from the rules of the language — twice, in two independent ways — and checked against every hand-written form in this course. The example sentences are the course’s own.