C2 · 45 words
Philosophy of science
Hypothesis, testability, explanation — the German words for what makes a claim scientific.
Die Stringenz looks like English « stringency » and praises something else. « Stringency » is strictness imposed from outside: stringent rules, stringent safety standards, a stringent budget. In German the word belongs above all to an argument and describes how it hangs together — each step following compellingly from the one before, nothing left to goodwill. Die Stringenz des Beweises is the rigour of a proof; eine stringente Argumentation is tightly reasoned, not harsh. For strict rules and demanding standards German reaches for streng: strenge Auflagen, strenge Kriterien, die Strenge. So a reviewer who finds a paper lacking in Stringenz is not asking for tougher methods but for a line of reasoning with no gap in it — the kind that leaves no room for eine Immunisierungsstrategie.
The words
Verb (4)
falsifizierento falsify (show to be false)VerbC2
Forging documents or data is fälschen, not falsifizieren.
verifizierento verify (show to be true)VerbC1
replizierento replicate (a study)VerbC2
sich bewährento hold up (under testing)VerbC2
Reflexive. A theory that has survived testing is bewährt, not bewiesen.
This list belongs to Thinking and arguing — ten lists and 443 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
Multiple choice and gaps, drawn from exactly these 45 words. Whatever you get wrong comes back tomorrow.