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C2  ·  34 words

Language acquisition

How a second language actually gets in, and the German words the research uses for it.

The noun this whole field is named after leads a second life outside it. In this list der Erwerb is acquisition in the psychologist’s sense: what gets into a head, often without anybody deciding that it should. At a notary’s the same noun is a purchase — der Erwerb eines Grundstücks is buying a plot of land, and the buyer is der Erwerber. A third sense runs through the labour market: erwerbstätig means in paid work, and die Erwerbsminderung is a reduced capacity to earn a living. The compounds on this page stay on the first side, so das Erwerbsalter is the age at which a language starts to go in, whatever a reader who knows only the job centre might expect. Where a German sentence could mean either, the object decides: a language, a skill or a habit is acquired; a house, a share or a company changes hands.

The words

Verb (4)

sich einschleifento become ingrained (of an error or habit)VerbC2
Wenn sich ein Fehler erst einmal eingeschliffen hat, hilft nur noch gezielte Korrektur.Once an error has become ingrained, only targeted correction will help.

Separable, irregular: schliff sich ein, hat sich eingeschliffen.

übergeneralisierento overgeneraliseVerbC2
Wer „gehte“ sagt, hat die Regel für die schwachen Verben übergeneralisiert.Anyone who says “gehte” has overgeneralised the rule for weak verbs.

No ge- in the past participle: übergeneralisiert.

paukento cram, to swotVerbC1
Vor der Prüfung hat er drei Wochen lang Vokabeln gepaukt.Before the exam he spent three weeks cramming vocabulary.

Colloquial.

nachsprechento repeat (after someone)VerbC1
Sie hat ihrer Lehrerin jedes Wort nachgesprochen.She repeated every word after her teacher.

Separable, irregular: sprach nach, nachgesprochen; the person is in the dative.

This list belongs to Learning, study and language itself — 20 lists and 816 words that can also be practised as a whole.

Practise this list

Multiple choice and gaps, drawn from exactly these 34 words. Whatever you get wrong comes back tomorrow.