Networks and security

Three attacks on this list are English phrases that German has turned into single nouns, and the spelling shows exactly how: der Man-in-the-Middle-Angriff, der Denial-of-Service-Angriff, der Brute-Force-Angriff. Every piece is tied to the next by a hyphen, right up to the German noun at the end. The rule behind it is general. When the first element of a compound is a whole phrase rather than a single word, German couples all of it, and the same pattern gives die Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung. English stops before the head noun — a man-in-the-middle attack — and German may not: Man-in-the-Middle Angriff, with a gap, is simply misspelt. The first letter is a capital, because the whole chain is now one noun; so are the nouns inside it, while little words such as in, the and zu stay small. And the gender comes from the last link, der Angriff, however English the rest may look.