C2 · 30 words
Lobbying and the legislative process in German
How a position finds its way from an association’s paper into the wording of a bill.
Practise this list
From these 30 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list
One entry, der Referentenentwurf, hides a word an English reader tends to put in the wrong place. Der Referent looks like « referent » or « referee », and it does share their Latin root, referre, to carry back or report. But it is neither the thing a word refers to nor the person who writes you a reference. In a German ministry der Referent is the official in charge of a unit, das Referat, the desk where a text is actually drafted; at a conference the same word simply means the speaker. So der Referentenentwurf is the draft as it leaves the officials’ desks, before the other ministries have signed it off and before the cabinet has adopted it. That is why it matters on this page: it is the version still open to argument, and the one the associations are asked to comment on.
The words
Verb (2)
umwerbento court, to wooVerbC2
Inseparable and irregular: umwirbt, umwarb, umworben. Takes a direct object.
verwässernto water downVerbC2
Regular; participle verwässert.
Noun (25)
Grammar for these: The three genders · The plural
die Interessenvertretunglobbying, representation of interestsNounC1
Plural: die Interessenvertretungen. Both the activity and the organisation that carries it out.
der Spitzenverbandpeak associationNounC2
Plural: die Spitzenverbände. The association of associations at the top of a sector.
das Lobbyregisterlobby registerNounC2
Plural: die Lobbyregister.
der Referentenentwurfdepartmental draft (of a bill)NounC2
Plural: die Referentenentwürfe. Written by the officials (Referenten) of the lead ministry.
die Verbändeanhörungconsultation of interest groups (on a draft)NounC2
Plural: die Verbändeanhörungen. Note the plural Verbände- inside the compound.
die Ressortabstimmunginterministerial coordination (of a draft)NounC2
Plural: die Ressortabstimmungen. Ressort is civil-service German for a ministry’s portfolio.
die Mitzeichnungsign-off (by a co-responsible ministry)NounC2
Plural: die Mitzeichnungen. The verb is mitzeichnen, separable.
die Formulierungshilfedrafting aid (text a ministry writes for MPs to table)NounC2
Plural: die Formulierungshilfen.
der Änderungsantragamendment (motion to change a bill)NounC1
Plural: die Änderungsanträge.
die Beschlussempfehlungcommittee recommendation (to the plenary)NounC2
Plural: die Beschlussempfehlungen.
der Berichterstatterrapporteur (MP in charge of a bill)NounC2
Plural: die Berichterstatter. Feminine: die Berichterstatterin. In a newspaper the same word means a correspondent.
die Einflussnahmeexertion of influenceNounC1
Takes auf + accusative. Plural rare: die Einflussnahmen.
der Hausausweisbuilding pass (for parliament or a ministry)NounC2
Plural: die Hausausweise. Haus here means the institution.
die Hausleitungministry’s top management (minister and state secretaries)NounC2
No plural in this sense.
die Karenzzeitcooling-off period (before a former official may lobby)NounC2
Plural: die Karenzzeiten. In insurance it is a waiting period.
der Seitenwechselswitch of sides (from office to lobbying)NounC2
Plural: die Seitenwechsel. In sport, the change of ends.
der legislative Fußabdrucklegislative footprintNounC2
The adjective declines: des legislativen Fußabdrucks. Plural rare.
das Positionspapierposition paperNounC1
Plural: die Positionspapiere.
die Kernforderungkey demandNounC1
Plural: die Kernforderungen.
der parlamentarische Abendparliamentary evening (reception for MPs)NounC2
The adjective declines: beim parlamentarischen Abend. Plural: die parlamentarischen Abende.
der Erfüllungsaufwandcompliance cost (of a new rule)NounC2
No plural.
der Normenkontrollratregulatory control council (reviews the cost of new laws)NounC2
Plural: die Normenkontrollräte.
das Anliegenconcern, request (put to someone)NounC1
Plural: die Anliegen.
der Strippenzieherstring-puller, wire-pullerNounC2
Plural: die Strippenzieher. Feminine: die Strippenzieherin. Colloquial and usually critical.
die Offenlegungspflichtdisclosure requirementNounC2
Plural: die Offenlegungspflichten.
Adjective (1)
Grammar for these: Adjectives after sein · Comparative and superlative
federführendin charge, leading (of a ministry or committee)AdjectiveC2
Also before a noun: der federführende Ausschuss.
Phrase (2)
Klinken putzento go from door to door (asking, canvassing)PhraseC2
Colloquial; die Klinke is the door handle.
vorstellig werdento make representations (to an official)PhraseC2
Formal; with bei + dative. Vorstellig exists only in this phrase.
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This list belongs to Politics, society and history — 19 lists and 705 words that can also be practised as a whole.