C2 · 50 words
Oncology in Spanish
Diagnosis, staging and treatment — the terms of a field that speaks in probabilities.
English keeps two words for what Spanish says with one. El estadio here is the stage a disease has reached: el estadio tumoral, en estadio avanzado. The same word is where a football match is played — el estadio olímpico, ochenta mil personas en el estadio. « Stage » and « stadium » have drifted so far apart in English that the pairing looks like a mistake, and it is not: both go back to a fixed length of ground, either one you cross or one you sit around.
The words
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Phrase (46)
el tumor primariothe growth where the disease startedPhraseC2
El tumor primario mide dos centímetros.The primary tumour measures two centimetres.
la lesión secundariathe growth that has settled somewhere elsePhraseC2
La lesión secundaria apareció en el hígado.The secondary lesion appeared in the liver.
la diseminación linfáticathe spreading that follows the body's own drainagePhraseC2
La diseminación linfática sigue el drenaje natural.Lymphatic spread follows the natural drainage.
el ganglio centinelathe first node the drainage reaches, marked with a tracerPhraseC2
El ganglio centinela se marca con un trazador.The sentinel node is marked with a tracer.
el estadio tumoralthe answer to how far the disease has spreadPhraseC2
El estadio tumoral se estableció como tres.The tumour stage was established as three.
el grado histológicothe answer to how little the cells still look like the tissuePhraseC2
El grado histológico indica cuánto se aparta del tejido normal.The histological grade shows how far it departs from normal tissue.
la biopsia con aguja gruesathe taking of a cylinder of tissue with a wide needlePhraseC2
La biopsia con aguja gruesa obtiene un cilindro de tejido.The core needle biopsy obtains a cylinder of tissue.
el estudio anatomopatológicothe examining of that tissue, which took over a weekPhraseC2
El estudio anatomopatológico tardó ocho días.The pathological study took eight days.
el margen quirúrgico librethe clear edge left around what was cut outPhraseC2
El margen quirúrgico libre era de cinco milímetros.The clear surgical margin was five millimetres.
el receptor hormonalthe receptor that decides whether hormone treatment can workPhraseC2
El receptor hormonal resultó positivo.The hormone receptor turned out positive.
la biopsia líquidathe looking for tumour material in a blood samplePhraseC2
La biopsia líquida busca material tumoral en la sangre.The liquid biopsy looks for tumour material in the blood.
el perfil molecularthe reading of a tumour's genetics, which guides the choice of drugPhraseC2
El perfil molecular orientó la elección del fármaco.The molecular profile guided the choice of drug.
la mutación conductorathe change in the genes that keeps the growth goingPhraseC2
La mutación conductora sostiene el crecimiento.The driver mutation sustains the growth.
la terapia dirigidathe treatment aimed at one pathway rather than at dividing cellsPhraseC2
La terapia dirigida actúa sobre una vía concreta.Targeted therapy acts on one particular pathway.
la inmunoterapia oncológicathe treatment that works on the immune system insteadPhraseC2
La inmunoterapia oncológica levanta el freno del sistema inmune.Cancer immunotherapy takes the brake off the immune system.
el inhibidor de punto de controlthe drug that takes the brake off, and can turn the immune system inwardsPhraseC2
El inhibidor de punto de control puede causar reacciones autoinmunes.The checkpoint inhibitor can cause autoimmune reactions.
la quimioterapia adyuvantethe chemotherapy given after surgery to catch what is leftPhraseC2
La quimioterapia adyuvante se da después de operar.Adjuvant chemotherapy is given after surgery.
el tratamiento neoadyuvantethe treatment given before surgery to make the operation smallerPhraseC2
El tratamiento neoadyuvante reduce el tumor antes de la cirugía.Neoadjuvant treatment shrinks the tumour before surgery.
el ciclo de tratamientothe round of treatment, repeated every three weeksPhraseC2
El ciclo de tratamiento se repite cada tres semanas.The treatment cycle repeats every three weeks.
la dosis acumuladathe total a person has had, which sets a lifetime ceilingPhraseC2
La dosis acumulada limita el uso del fármaco.The cumulative dose limits the use of the drug.
la toxicidad limitante de dosisthe harm that forces the dose downPhraseC2
La toxicidad limitante de dosis obligó a reducirla.Dose-limiting toxicity forced a reduction.
la neutropenia febrilthe fever in somebody whose white cells are gone, which is an emergencyPhraseC2
La neutropenia febril es una urgencia.Febrile neutropenia is an emergency.
la neuropatía inducida por fármacosthe nerve damage a drug leaves behind, felt in the handsPhraseC2
La neuropatía inducida por fármacos deja hormigueo en las manos.Drug-induced neuropathy leaves tingling in the hands.
la radioterapia externathe radiation given from outside the bodyPhraseC2
La radioterapia externa se administra en treinta sesiones.External radiotherapy is given in thirty sessions.
el fraccionamiento de la dosisthe splitting of a dose over many sittings, which spares healthy tissuePhraseC2
El fraccionamiento de la dosis protege el tejido sano.Fractionation of the dose protects the healthy tissue.
el volumen de tratamientothe region the radiation is planned to coverPhraseC2
El volumen de tratamiento se planifica con imagen.The treatment volume is planned with imaging.
la respuesta completathe disappearance of everything measurable, which is not a curePhraseC2
La respuesta completa no equivale a curación.A complete response is not the same as a cure.
la respuesta parcialthe shrinking by enough to count, here by halfPhraseC2
La respuesta parcial redujo la lesión a la mitad.The partial response reduced the lesion by half.
la enfermedad establethe disease that neither grew nor shrank, which is also a resultPhraseC2
La enfermedad estable también es un resultado.Stable disease is a result as well.
la progresión de la enfermedadthe growing that forces a change of treatmentPhraseC2
La progresión de la enfermedad obligó a cambiar de línea.Progression of the disease forced a change of line.
la recidiva localthe return of the disease where it first wasPhraseC2
La recidiva local apareció a los dos años.The local recurrence appeared after two years.
la supervivencia libre de progresiónthe time before it grows again, here eleven monthsPhraseC2
La supervivencia libre de progresión fue de once meses.Progression-free survival was eleven months.
la supervivencia globalthe time lived, which is the hardest measure of allPhraseC2
La supervivencia global es el criterio más duro.Overall survival is the hardest criterion.
la enfermedad mínima residualthe disease too small to see and still detectable in the labPhraseC2
La enfermedad mínima residual se detecta por biología molecular.Minimal residual disease is detected by molecular biology.
el comité de tumoresthe meeting where surgeon, oncologist and pathologist decide togetherPhraseC2
El comité de tumores reúne a cirujano, oncólogo y patólogo.The tumour board brings together surgeon, oncologist and pathologist.
el consentimiento informado oncológicothe explaining before treatment, which covers the unknowns tooPhraseC2
El consentimiento informado oncológico explica también lo que no se sabe.The oncological consent explains what is unknown as well.
el tratamiento paliativothe treatment that aims at relief rather than at curePhraseC2
El tratamiento paliativo persigue el alivio, no la curación.Palliative treatment pursues relief, not cure.
el control de síntomasthe easing of symptoms, which starts on the first dayPhraseC2
El control de síntomas empieza desde el primer día.Symptom control starts on the first day.
la escalera analgésicathe scheme that steps painkillers up with the painPhraseC2
La escalera analgésica sube según la intensidad.The analgesic ladder rises with the intensity.
la caquexia tumoralthe wasting that food alone does not put rightPhraseC2
La caquexia tumoral no se corrige solo con comida.Tumour cachexia is not put right by food alone.
la calidad de vida referida por el pacientethe account the patient gives of their own life, taken by questionnairePhraseC2
La calidad de vida referida por el paciente se mide con cuestionario.Patient-reported quality of life is measured by questionnaire.
el síndrome de cáncer hereditariothe inherited pattern that brings the illness forward in lifePhraseC2
El síndrome de cáncer hereditario adelanta la edad de aparición.The hereditary cancer syndrome brings the age of onset forward.
la predisposición hereditariathe inherited risk, which explains a small share of casesPhraseC2
La predisposición hereditaria explica una parte pequeña de los casos.Hereditary predisposition explains a small share of the cases.
la prevención secundariathe looking for a disease before it announces itselfPhraseC2
La prevención secundaria busca la enfermedad antes del síntoma.Secondary prevention looks for the disease before the symptom.
el seguimiento a largo plazothe watching that goes on for at least five yearsPhraseC2
El seguimiento a largo plazo dura al menos cinco años.Long-term follow-up lasts at least five years.
el efecto tardío del tratamientothe harm that shows up years after the treatment endedPhraseC2
El efecto tardío del tratamiento aparece años después.The late effect of the treatment appears years afterwards.
Noun (f) (4)
la oncologíathe field that brings several specialties to one tableNoun (f)C2
La oncología reúne varias especialidades.Oncology brings together several specialties.
la inmunohistoquímicathe staining that shows which receptors a tumour carriesNoun (f)C2
La inmunohistoquímica marca los receptores.Immunohistochemistry marks the receptors.
la mielosupresiónthe suppression of the marrow, which drops the white cellsNoun (f)C2
La mielosupresión baja los neutrófilos.Myelosuppression lowers the neutrophils.
la braquiterapiathe radiation given from a source placed inside itNoun (f)C2
La braquiterapia coloca la fuente dentro del cuerpo.Brachytherapy places the source inside the body.
This list belongs to Health and the body — 26 lists and 1248 words that can also be practised as a whole.
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