C2 · 50 words
Criminal law in Spanish
Definition, wrongfulness, blame, punishment — the order in which every case is tested.
Spanish la tentativa and our « tentative » have parted company completely. La tentativa is the attempt: the offence begun and not finished, and punishable in its own right — una tentativa de homicidio is an attempted killing. Our adjective means provisional, not yet settled, and that is provisional in Spanish: a tentative answer is una respuesta provisional. The verb behind the Spanish noun, intentar, is the everyday one for trying anything at all — intenté abrir la puerta — so the word sits in the courtroom and in the kitchen at once, and never means « not quite sure ».
The words
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Phrase (39)
la dogmática penalthe ordered doctrine that holds criminal law togetherPhraseC2
La dogmática penal ordena la aplicación de la ley.Criminal doctrine orders how the law is applied.
el principio de intervención mínimathe principle that keeps criminal law for the last resortPhraseC2
El principio de intervención mínima reserva la pena para lo grave.The last-resort principle keeps punishment for the serious.
el bien jurídico protegidothe interest an offence damages, which explains the punishmentPhraseC2
El bien jurídico protegido explica por qué se castiga.The protected legal interest explains why there is punishment.
el tipo penalthe statutory definition of an offence, drawn narrowlyPhraseC2
El tipo penal describe la conducta con precisión.The statutory definition describes the conduct precisely.
la culpabilidad penalthe blame that requires the offender could have acted otherwisePhraseC2
La culpabilidad penal exige que se pudiera actuar de otro modo.Criminal blame requires that one could have acted otherwise.
la conducta típicathe conduct answering the statutory definition, done or left undonePhraseC2
La conducta típica puede ser también una omisión.The conduct that fits the definition may also be an omission.
la comisión por omisiónthe offence committed by failing to act where one had toPhraseC2
La comisión por omisión exige una posición de garante.Commission by omission requires a position of guarantor.
la posición de garantethe duty to act that turns a failing into an offencePhraseC2
La posición de garante nace de la ley, del contrato o del riesgo creado.The position of guarantor arises from statute, from contract or from a danger created.
el dolo eventualthe intent that takes the result as merely possiblePhraseC2
El dolo eventual acepta el resultado como posible.Conditional intent accepts the result as possible.
la imprudencia gravethe negligence that breaches the plainest carePhraseC2
La imprudencia grave infringe el cuidado más elemental.Gross negligence breaches the most elementary care.
el error de tipothe mistake about the facts, which destroys intentPhraseC2
El error de tipo excluye el dolo.A mistake about the facts excludes intent.
el error de prohibiciónthe mistake about the law, which touches blame insteadPhraseC2
El error de prohibición afecta a la culpabilidad.A mistake about the law affects blame.
la legítima defensathe justification that answers an attack under wayPhraseC2
La legítima defensa exige agresión actual e ilegítima.Self-defence requires an attack that is present and unlawful.
el estado de necesidadthe justification that gives up a good for a greater onePhraseC2
El estado de necesidad sacrifica un bien por otro mayor.Necessity gives up one good for a greater one.
el cumplimiento de un deberthe justification that lies in a duty being carried outPhraseC2
El cumplimiento de un deber justifica la conducta.Carrying out a duty justifies the conduct.
la eximente completathe ground that removes blame entirely and leaves no punishmentPhraseC2
La eximente completa deja sin pena la conducta.A full defence leaves the conduct unpunished.
la autoría directathe doing of the deed with one's own handsPhraseC2
La autoría directa realiza el hecho por sí misma.Direct perpetration carries out the deed itself.
la autoría mediatathe doing of the deed through another used as a toolPhraseC2
La autoría mediata utiliza a otro como instrumento.Indirect perpetration uses another as an instrument.
la inducción al delitothe planting in another of the decision to do the deedPhraseC2
La inducción al delito hace nacer la decisión en otro.Incitement makes the decision arise in another.
el desistimiento voluntariothe free giving up of the attempt, which may leave it unpunishedPhraseC2
El desistimiento voluntario puede dejar impune la tentativa.Voluntary withdrawal may leave the attempt unpunished.
el delito consumadothe offence that has already brought the result aboutPhraseC2
El delito consumado ya produjo el resultado.A completed offence has already produced the result.
el concurso de delitosthe meeting of several offences, and how the punishments add upPhraseC2
El concurso de delitos decide cómo se suman las penas.Concurrence of offences decides how the punishments add up.
el delito continuadothe joining of several acts into one offence under a planPhraseC2
El delito continuado une varios actos en un plan.A continuing offence joins several acts under one plan.
la pena privativa de libertadthe punishment of imprisonment, set between a floor and a ceilingPhraseC2
La pena privativa de libertad tiene un mínimo y un máximo.Imprisonment has a minimum and a maximum.
la cuota diariathe daily unit by which a fine is measured against incomePhraseC2
La cuota diaria se fija según los ingresos.The daily unit is fixed according to income.
la suspensión de la penathe holding back of the punishment on condition of staying clearPhraseC2
La suspensión de la pena se condiciona a no reincidir.Suspension of the punishment is conditional on not reoffending.
la sustitución de la penathe exchanging of the punishment for work instead of prisonPhraseC2
La sustitución de la pena cambia prisión por trabajos.Substitution of the punishment exchanges prison for work.
la medida de seguridadthe measure that looks at the danger ahead, not at the deedPhraseC2
La medida de seguridad mira al futuro, no al hecho.A preventive measure looks to the future, not to the deed.
la responsabilidad civil derivada del delitothe compensation owed for the harm, settled in the same trialPhraseC2
La responsabilidad civil derivada del delito se resuelve en el mismo proceso.Civil liability arising from the offence is settled in the same proceedings.
la prescripción del delitothe time after which the offence may no longer be prosecutedPhraseC2
La prescripción del delito depende de la pena señalada.Limitation of the offence depends on the punishment laid down.
la prescripción de la penathe time after which the punishment may no longer be enforcedPhraseC2
La prescripción de la pena corre desde la sentencia firme.Limitation of the punishment runs from the final judgment.
la cancelación de antecedentesthe clearing of the record once that time has runPhraseC2
La cancelación de antecedentes se pide pasado el plazo.Clearing of the record is applied for once the period has passed.
el principio de legalidad penalthe principle that no punishment exists without an earlier statutePhraseC2
El principio de legalidad penal prohíbe castigar sin ley previa.The principle of criminal legality forbids punishing without an earlier statute.
la analogía prohibidathe ban on stretching a definition against the accusedPhraseC2
La analogía prohibida impide ampliar el tipo en contra del reo.Forbidden analogy stops a definition being widened against the accused.
la retroactividad favorablethe reaching back of the milder statute, applied unaskedPhraseC2
La retroactividad favorable se aplica de oficio.The milder statute reaches back and is applied unasked.
el principio de culpabilidadthe principle that forbids punishing an outcome alonePhraseC2
El principio de culpabilidad impide la responsabilidad objetiva.The principle of blame rules out liability for the outcome alone.
el derecho penal de autorthe criminal law that punishes for what somebody isPhraseC2
El derecho penal de autor castiga por lo que se es.Criminal law of the offender punishes for what somebody is.
el derecho penal del hechothe criminal law that punishes for what somebody didPhraseC2
El derecho penal del hecho castiga por lo que se hizo.Criminal law of the act punishes for what somebody did.
la humanidad de las penasthe constitutional limit on how a punishment may be carried outPhraseC2
La humanidad de las penas es un límite constitucional.Humanity in punishment is a constitutional limit.
Noun (f) (10)
la tipicidadthe fit between what happened and the statutory definitionNoun (f)C2
La tipicidad se comprueba antes que nada.Typicality is checked before anything else.
la antijuridicidadthe wrongfulness that survives when no justification appliesNoun (f)C2
La antijuridicidad desaparece con una causa de justificación.Wrongfulness disappears where a justification applies.
la imputabilidadthe capacity for blame at all, which is presumedNoun (f)C2
La imputabilidad se presume salvo prueba en contra.Capacity for blame is presumed until the contrary is proved.
la atenuantethe circumstance that lowers the sentence within its rangeNoun (f)C2
La atenuante rebaja la pena dentro del marco.A mitigating circumstance lowers the sentence within its range.
la agravantethe circumstance that raises the sentence, and only once provedNoun (f)C2
La agravante se aprecia solo si consta probada.An aggravating circumstance is applied only when it is proved.
la alevosíathe circumstance of striking so that the victim cannot defendNoun (f)C2
La alevosía asegura el resultado sin riesgo para el autor.Treachery secures the result without risk to the offender.
la reincidenciathe circumstance of earlier convictions already finalNoun (f)C2
La reincidencia cuenta condenas firmes anteriores.Recidivism counts earlier final convictions.
la coautoríathe doing of the deed together, by agreement and divisionNoun (f)C2
La coautoría exige un acuerdo y un reparto de papeles.Joint perpetration requires an agreement and a division of roles.
la complicidadthe helping of another without controlling the deedNoun (f)C2
La complicidad ayuda sin dominar el hecho.Aiding helps without controlling the deed.
la tentativathe attempt, once acts of execution have begunNoun (f)C2
La tentativa empieza con actos de ejecución.The attempt begins with acts of execution.
Noun (m) (1)
el dolothe intent that joins knowing and wantingNoun (m)C2
El dolo abarca conocimiento y voluntad.Intent covers knowledge and will.
This list belongs to Law and contracts — 16 lists and 800 words that can also be practised as a whole.
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