C2 · 50 words
Civil law in Spanish
Property, obligations, family and succession — the terms a Spanish civil lawyer thinks in.
El título does four jobs and « title » does two of them. It is the title of a book, and it is title in the lawyer's sense — el título y el modo, the ground on which something is owed. Then it parts company: el título universitario is a degree, sacarse un título is qualifying at something, and los títulos de deuda are bonds on a market. So a Spanish sentence about somebody's títulos may be about their shelf, their deeds, their diplomas or their portfolio, and only the surrounding words say which.
The words
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Phrase (43)
el derecho de obligacionesthe law of what one person owes anotherPhraseC2
El derecho de obligaciones regula lo que uno debe a otro.The law of obligations governs what one person owes another.
el código civilthe civil code, in Spain dating from the nineteenth centuryPhraseC2
El código civil español data de 1889.The Spanish civil code dates from 1889.
la capacidad jurídicathe capacity to hold rights, held from birthPhraseC2
La capacidad jurídica se tiene desde el nacimiento.Legal capacity is held from birth.
la capacidad de obrarthe capacity to act on them, reached at majorityPhraseC2
La capacidad de obrar se alcanza a la mayoría de edad.The capacity to act is reached at majority.
la persona jurídicathe body that answers with a patrimony of its ownPhraseC2
La persona jurídica responde con su propio patrimonio.A legal person answers with a patrimony of its own.
el negocio jurídicothe legal act, which needs consent, an object and a groundPhraseC2
El negocio jurídico necesita consentimiento, objeto y causa.A legal act requires consent, an object and a ground.
el consentimiento contractualthe agreement of the two wills, here given in writingPhraseC2
El consentimiento contractual se prestó por escrito.Contractual consent was given in writing.
el vicio del consentimientothe flaw in that agreement, which opens the way to annulmentPhraseC2
El vicio del consentimiento permite anular el contrato.A flaw in consent allows the contract to be annulled.
el error sustancialthe mistake that fell on what the thing actually wasPhraseC2
El error sustancial recayó sobre la calidad de la cosa.The substantial mistake fell on the quality of the thing.
el dolo contractualthe deceit that got the other side to agreePhraseC2
El dolo contractual se probó con los correos.The contractual deceit was proved by the emails.
la simulación contractualthe sham contract, covering something else underneathPhraseC2
La simulación contractual encubría una donación.The sham contract covered a gift.
la obligación de darthe duty to hand over one particular thingPhraseC2
La obligación de dar recae sobre una cosa determinada.The duty to give falls on one determined thing.
la obligación de hacerthe duty to do something that nobody else can do insteadPhraseC2
La obligación de hacer no se cumple por un tercero.The duty to do is not performed by a third party.
la obligación solidariathe duty owed by several, any one of whom can be asked for all of itPhraseC2
La obligación solidaria permite reclamar todo a uno solo.Joint and several liability allows all of it to be claimed from one alone.
la mora del deudorthe debtor's delay, which starts with a demandPhraseC2
La mora del deudor empieza con el requerimiento.The debtor's delay begins with the demand.
el incumplimiento contractualthe breach, which opens the right to undo the contractPhraseC2
El incumplimiento contractual da derecho a resolver.A breach of contract gives the right to undo it.
la resolución del contratothe undoing of the contract, with everything handed backPhraseC2
La resolución del contrato devuelve lo entregado.Undoing the contract returns what was handed over.
la cláusula penalthe sum agreed in advance instead of proving a lossPhraseC2
La cláusula penal fija la indemnización de antemano.The penalty clause fixes the compensation in advance.
el saneamiento por vicios ocultosthe seller's answer for a defect that could not be seenPhraseC2
El saneamiento por vicios ocultos cubre el defecto no aparente.The warranty for hidden defects covers what could not be seen.
la responsabilidad extracontractualthe liability that arises from harm and no contract at allPhraseC2
La responsabilidad extracontractual nace del daño causado.Non-contractual liability arises from the harm caused.
la carga de la prueba civilthe burden of proving it, carried by whoever claimsPhraseC2
La carga de la prueba civil recae sobre quien reclama.The civil burden of proof falls on whoever claims.
el daño emergentethe loss actually suffered, which is what the repair costPhraseC2
El daño emergente asciende a lo reparado.The loss suffered amounts to what was repaired.
el lucro cesantethe profit not made, counted over three months of closurePhraseC2
El lucro cesante se calculó sobre tres meses de cierre.The profit lost was calculated over three months of closure.
el derecho realthe right in a thing itself, good against everybodyPhraseC2
El derecho real se ejerce frente a todos.A right in a thing is exercised against everybody.
la posesión de buena fethe holding by somebody who did not know of the flawPhraseC2
La posesión de buena fe protege al que ignoraba el vicio.Good-faith possession protects the one who did not know of the flaw.
la servidumbre de pasothe neighbour's right of way, which burdens the landPhraseC2
La servidumbre de paso grava la finca vecina.The right of way burdens the neighbouring land.
la nuda propiedadthe ownership left over once somebody else has the usePhraseC2
La nuda propiedad quedó para los hijos.The bare ownership was left to the children.
la hipoteca inmobiliariathe charge on land, which is entered in the registerPhraseC2
La hipoteca inmobiliaria se inscribe en el registro.The mortgage is entered in the register.
el registro de la propiedadthe land register, which speaks against third partiesPhraseC2
El registro de la propiedad da fe frente a terceros.The land register speaks against third parties.
la elevación a públicothe taking of a private document to a notaryPhraseC2
La elevación a público del contrato se hizo en marzo.The contract was taken to a notary in March.
el título y el modothe ground and the handing over, both needed to acquirePhraseC2
El título y el modo son ambos necesarios para adquirir.The ground and the handing over are both needed to acquire.
la prescripción extintivathe running out of time on a claim, stopped by demandingPhraseC2
La prescripción extintiva se interrumpe con la reclamación.Limitation is interrupted by making the claim.
la caducidad del derechothe running out of the right itself, which nothing stopsPhraseC2
La caducidad del derecho no admite interrupción.The lapse of a right admits no interruption.
el régimen económico matrimonialthe property regime a marriage runs underPhraseC2
El régimen económico matrimonial es de separación de bienes.The matrimonial property regime is one of separate property.
la sociedad de ganancialesthe regime that shares out what was earned during the marriagePhraseC2
La sociedad de gananciales reparte lo ganado durante el matrimonio.The community of acquests shares what was earned during the marriage.
las capitulaciones matrimonialesthe agreement that sets the regime, signed before the weddingPhraseC2
Las capitulaciones matrimoniales se firmaron antes de la boda.The marriage settlement was signed before the wedding.
la patria potestadthe authority over a child, exercised by both parentsPhraseC2
La patria potestad se ejerce por ambos progenitores.Parental authority is exercised by both parents.
la guarda y custodiathe deciding of where the child actually livesPhraseC2
La guarda y custodia se atribuyó de forma compartida.Care and residence were awarded jointly.
la sucesión testadathe succession that follows a willPhraseC2
La sucesión testada respeta la voluntad del causante.Testate succession respects the will of the deceased.
la sucesión intestadathe succession that follows the statute, descendants firstPhraseC2
La sucesión intestada llama primero a los descendientes.Intestate succession calls the descendants first.
la mejora hereditariathe extra share the law allows one child to be givenPhraseC2
La mejora hereditaria favorece a un solo hijo.The extra share favours a single child.
la aceptación a beneficio de inventariothe acceptance that limits liability to what the estate holdsPhraseC2
La aceptación a beneficio de inventario limita la responsabilidad.Acceptance under benefit of inventory limits liability.
la partición de la herenciathe dividing up of the estate, done before a notaryPhraseC2
La partición de la herencia se hizo ante notario.The estate was divided before a notary.
Noun (f) (4)
la anulabilidadthe state of a contract that can be undone, but only for four yearsNoun (f)C2
La anulabilidad caduca a los cuatro años.Annullability lapses after four years.
la evicciónthe seller's answer for a better right that turns up laterNoun (f)C2
La evicción obliga al vendedor a responder del despojo.Eviction obliges the seller to answer for the dispossession.
la usucapiónthe turning of long holding into ownershipNoun (f)C2
La usucapión convierte la posesión larga en propiedad.Adverse possession turns long holding into ownership.
la accesiónthe rule that gives the owner of the ground what is built on itNoun (f)C2
La accesión atribuye al dueño del suelo lo edificado.Accession gives the owner of the ground what is built on it.
Noun (m) (3)
el usufructothe right to use and take the fruits without owningNoun (m)C2
El usufructo permite usar sin ser dueño.A usufruct allows use without ownership.
el causantethe person whose estate it is, who wrote the willNoun (m)C2
El causante otorgó testamento en 2019.The deceased made a will in 2019.
el legatariothe taker of a particular thing, who answers for no debtsNoun (m)C2
El legatario no responde de las deudas de la herencia.The legatee does not answer for the debts of the estate.
This list belongs to Law and contracts — 16 lists and 800 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.