C2 · 50 words
Cryptography in Spanish
Keys, ciphers, protocols and attacks — the words of a field that defines secrecy by arithmetic.
English has three words for el relleno and uses a different one in every room. Here it is padding: el relleno criptográfico, the bytes added so that the last block comes out whole. In a kitchen it is stuffing — pimientos rellenos, el relleno del pavo. In a piece of writing or a speech it is filler, the part that says nothing. And rellenar is what one does to a form: rellene el formulario. One verb for filling anything at all, and four English words waiting on the other side.
The words
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Phrase (48)
el texto en clarothe message as anybody could read it, which is never storedPhraseC2
El texto en claro nunca se guarda.The plaintext is never stored.
el texto cifradothe message after encryption, which should not even give its length awayPhraseC2
El texto cifrado no debe revelar la longitud.The ciphertext should not reveal the length.
el cifrado simétricothe encryption that uses one key at both endsPhraseC2
El cifrado simétrico usa la misma clave en ambos extremos.Symmetric encryption uses the same key at both ends.
el cifrado asimétricothe encryption that splits the key into a public and a private halfPhraseC2
El cifrado asimétrico separa la clave pública de la privada.Asymmetric encryption separates the public key from the private one.
el par de clavesthe two halves together, generated on the device itselfPhraseC2
El par de claves se genera en el propio dispositivo.The key pair is generated on the device itself.
la huella de la clavethe short form of a key, read out loud to be comparedPhraseC2
La huella de la clave se compara en voz alta.The key fingerprint is compared out loud.
el cifrado por bloquesthe cipher that works a fixed number of bytes at a timePhraseC2
El cifrado por bloques trabaja de dieciséis en dieciséis bytes.The block cipher works sixteen bytes at a time.
el cifrado en flujothe cipher that makes a sequence and adds it to the messagePhraseC2
El cifrado en flujo genera una secuencia y la suma.The stream cipher generates a sequence and adds it.
el modo de operaciónthe way a block cipher is chained, which matters as much as the cipherPhraseC2
El modo de operación importa tanto como el cifrado.The mode of operation matters as much as the cipher.
el vector de inicializaciónthe starting value that must never repeat under one keyPhraseC2
El vector de inicialización nunca se repite con la misma clave.The initialisation vector never repeats with the same key.
el relleno criptográficothe bytes added to finish the last blockPhraseC2
El relleno criptográfico completa el último bloque.The cryptographic padding completes the last block.
el cifrado autenticadothe encryption that also proves nothing was alteredPhraseC2
El cifrado autenticado protege también contra la manipulación.Authenticated encryption also protects against tampering.
el resumen criptográficothe short fixed-length trace of any input, changed entirely by one bitPhraseC2
El resumen criptográfico cambia entero con un solo bit.The cryptographic digest changes entirely with a single bit.
la resistencia a colisionesthe property that two inputs cannot be made to share that tracePhraseC2
La resistencia a colisiones es lo primero que se rompe.Collision resistance is the first thing to break.
el pimiento criptográficothe secret value kept outside the database, unlike the saltPhraseC2
El pimiento criptográfico se guarda fuera de la base de datos.The secret extra value is kept outside the database.
la derivación de clavethe turning of a password into a key, made slow on purposePhraseC2
La derivación de clave se hace deliberadamente lenta.Key derivation is made deliberately slow.
el código de autenticación de mensajethe tag that shows who wrote a message and that it is unchangedPhraseC2
El código de autenticación de mensaje prueba quién lo escribió.The message authentication code proves who wrote it.
la verificación de la firmathe checking of a signature, which needs only the public halfPhraseC2
La verificación de la firma solo necesita la parte pública.Verifying the signature needs only the public part.
el no repudiothe property that authorship cannot be denied afterwardsPhraseC2
El no repudio impide negar la autoría después.Non-repudiation stops authorship being denied afterwards.
la solicitud de firma de certificadothe request that carries the server name to be certifiedPhraseC2
La solicitud de firma de certificado incluye el nombre del servidor.The certificate signing request includes the server name.
la autoridad de certificaciónthe body that vouches for who somebody isPhraseC2
La autoridad de certificación responde de la identidad.The certification authority answers for the identity.
la cadena de confianzathe run of certificates that ends at a rootPhraseC2
La cadena de confianza termina en una raíz.The chain of trust ends at a root.
la revocación del certificadothe withdrawing of a certificate, which takes time to spreadPhraseC2
La revocación del certificado tarda en propagarse.Revocation of the certificate takes time to propagate.
el intercambio de clavesthe agreeing of a key in the openPhraseC2
El intercambio de claves ocurre a la vista de todos.The key exchange happens in plain sight.
el secreto compartidothe value both sides end up with and neither ever sendsPhraseC2
El secreto compartido nunca viaja por la red.The shared secret never travels over the network.
la confidencialidad hacia el futurothe property that a stolen key does not open yesterday's trafficPhraseC2
La confidencialidad hacia el futuro salva las sesiones antiguas.Forward secrecy saves the old sessions.
la clave de sesiónthe key used for one conversation and then thrown awayPhraseC2
La clave de sesión se descarta al colgar.The session key is discarded when the call ends.
el sobre digitalthe trick of encrypting a key with somebody's public keyPhraseC2
El sobre digital cifra la clave con la clave del destinatario.The digital envelope encrypts the key with the recipient's key.
la criptografía de curva elípticathe family that does the same work with much shorter keysPhraseC2
La criptografía de curva elíptica logra lo mismo con claves más cortas.Elliptic curve cryptography does the same with shorter keys.
el problema del logaritmo discretothe sum that is easy forwards and hard backwardsPhraseC2
El problema del logaritmo discreto sostiene varios sistemas.The discrete logarithm problem holds up several systems.
la factorización de enteros grandesthe taking apart of a large number, which is still hardPhraseC2
La factorización de enteros grandes sigue siendo difícil.Factoring large integers is still hard.
la criptografía poscuánticathe branch that prepares for a machine that does not exist yetPhraseC2
La criptografía poscuántica se prepara para otra máquina.Post-quantum cryptography prepares for a different machine.
el generador de números aleatoriosthe source of randomness, which is the most fragile partPhraseC2
El generador de números aleatorios es el punto más frágil.The random number generator is the most fragile point.
la entropía de la fuentethe amount of real unpredictability a source hasPhraseC2
La entropía de la fuente se estima al arrancar.The entropy of the source is estimated at boot.
el principio de Kerckhoffsthe rule that the method may be public and only the key secretPhraseC2
El principio de Kerckhoffs supone conocido el algoritmo.Kerckhoffs's principle assumes the algorithm is known.
el ataque por fuerza brutathe attack that simply tries every keyPhraseC2
El ataque por fuerza bruta prueba todas las claves.The brute-force attack tries every key.
el ataque de canal lateralthe attack that measures how long the machine tookPhraseC2
El ataque de canal lateral mide el tiempo de cálculo.The side-channel attack measures the computing time.
el ataque de intermediariothe attack that sits between the two endsPhraseC2
El ataque de intermediario se sitúa entre los dos extremos.The man-in-the-middle attack sits between the two ends.
el ataque de repeticiónthe attack that sends a valid message a second timePhraseC2
El ataque de repetición reenvía un mensaje válido.The replay attack sends a valid message again.
la marca temporal firmadathe signed record that something existed at a given momentPhraseC2
La marca temporal firmada demuestra la anterioridad.The signed timestamp proves something came first.
el número usado una sola vezthe value used once and never againPhraseC2
El número usado una sola vez impide la repetición.The number used only once prevents repetition.
el esquema de umbralthe arrangement that needs three of five parts to openPhraseC2
El esquema de umbral exige tres de cinco partes.The threshold scheme requires three parts out of five.
la prueba de conocimiento nulothe proof that convinces while revealing nothingPhraseC2
La prueba de conocimiento nulo convence sin revelar nada.The zero-knowledge proof convinces without revealing anything.
el cifrado homomórficothe encryption one can compute on without decryptingPhraseC2
El cifrado homomórfico permite calcular sin descifrar.Homomorphic encryption allows computing without decrypting.
el módulo de seguridad físicathe box that keeps a key in hardware and never lets it outPhraseC2
El módulo de seguridad física guarda la clave en hardware.The hardware security module keeps the key in hardware.
la custodia de clavesthe keeping of keys safe, which is the hardest part of any systemPhraseC2
La custodia de claves es la parte más difícil del sistema.Key custody is the hardest part of the system.
la rotación de clavesthe replacing of keys on a schedule, here every ninety daysPhraseC2
La rotación de claves está programada cada noventa días.Key rotation is scheduled every ninety days.
la comparación en tiempo constantethe comparison that takes the same time whatever the answerPhraseC2
La comparación en tiempo constante evita filtrar el primer byte.Constant-time comparison avoids leaking the first byte.
Noun (f) (1)
la criptografíathe art of protecting a message without trusting the messengerNoun (f)C2
La criptografía protege sin confiar en el mensajero.Cryptography protects without trusting the messenger.
Noun (m) (1)
el criptoanálisisthe study of breaking ciphers, which looks for a shortcutNoun (m)C2
El criptoanálisis busca el atajo, no la fuerza bruta.Cryptanalysis looks for the shortcut, not for brute force.
This list belongs to Technology and industry — 26 lists and 1296 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.