From these 32 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
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The twenty-fifth entry is a retoma da correção, and the English name for it is one short noun: uptake. What matters is where a reader has already met that word, because the field took it out of ordinary speech and ordinary speech keeps it inside one fixed complaint. To be « slow on the uptake » is to be slow to catch what is going on — the joke that has to be explained, the hint that lands and is not picked up. That phrase is nearly the only home the noun has outside a laboratory, and it is always mildly unkind. Worth knowing before the technical sense arrives, because the technical sense carries no blame. Learner uptake is simply what a pupil does with a correction in the seconds after it is offered: repeating it, rebuilding the sentence around it, or saying nothing. Portuguese reaches instead for a retoma, a taking up again, and has built nothing on top of it — nobody calls a slow colleague lento na retoma. So the English word turns up already carrying a tone the Portuguese one has never had, and the sentence around it has to strip that tone off.
The words
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Phrase (25)
transferência da língua maternatransfer from the first languagePhraseC2
A transferência da língua materna nota-se logo na ordem das palavras.Transfer from the first language shows up at once in the word order.
input compreensívelcomprehensible inputPhraseC2
Sem input compreensível não há progresso.Without comprehensible input there is no progress.
pressão para produzirpressure to producePhraseC2
A pressão para produzir obriga a arriscar frases novas.Pressure to produce forces a learner to risk new sentences.
aprendizagem implícitaimplicit learningPhraseC2
A aprendizagem implícita acontece sem que o aluno dê por isso.Implicit learning happens without the pupil noticing it.
ensino explícitoexplicit teachingPhraseC2
O ensino explícito poupa tempo em certas regras.Explicit teaching saves time on certain rules.
ordem de aquisiçãothe order of acquisitionPhraseC2
A ordem de aquisição é parecida em alunos muito diferentes.The order of acquisition is much the same in very different learners.
sequência de desenvolvimentothe developmental sequencePhraseC2
A sequência de desenvolvimento não se deixa saltar.The developmental sequence cannot be skipped.
período críticothe critical periodPhraseC2
A ideia de período crítico continua a ser discutida.The idea of a critical period is still being argued over.
idade de iníciothe age of onsetPhraseC2
A idade de início pesa sobretudo na pronúncia.The age of onset weighs above all on pronunciation.
aptidão para línguaslanguage aptitudePhraseC2
A aptidão para línguas explica menos do que a rotina.Language aptitude explains less than practice does.
memória de trabalhoworking memoryPhraseC2
A memória de trabalho limita o comprimento da frase.Working memory limits the length of the sentence.
prática de evocaçãoretrieval practicePhraseC2
A prática de evocação prende mais do que a releitura.Retrieval practice holds better than rereading.
A motivação integrativa nasce do gosto pelas pessoas que falam a língua.Integrative motivation is born of a liking for the people who speak the language.
A interlíngua tem regras próprias, nem de uma língua nem da outra.The interlanguage has rules of its own, neither those of one language nor those of the other.
a fossilizaçãofossilisationNoun (f)C2
A fossilização deixa um erro parado durante anos.Fossilisation leaves an error standing for years.
a ensinabilidadeteachabilityNoun (f)C2
A ensinabilidade de uma regra depende do momento.The teachability of a rule depends on the moment.
a automatizaçãoautomatisationNoun (f)C2
A automatização chega depois de muita repetição.Automatisation comes after a great deal of repetition.
a reformulação do professorthe teacher’s recastNoun (f)C2
A reformulação do professor devolve a frase certa sem interromper.The teacher’s recast hands back the right sentence without interrupting.
a retoma da correçãolearner uptakeNoun (f)C2
A retoma da correção mostra que o aluno reparou.Learner uptake shows that the pupil has noticed.
