The verbs of reports, notices, meetings and the news.
These are the verbs of written Japanese and formal speech. Where conversation says 言う, 見せる or 起きる, a report says 述べる, 示す and 生じる. Many of them are a two-kanji noun plus する — 検討する, 実施する — and since the noun is also used on its own, they are listed here as nouns. Learn them for reading and for work; among friends they sound like a press release.
The words
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Verb (30)
述べるto state; to set outVerbN2
社長は記者会見で今後の方針を述べた。At the press conference the president set out the company’s future policy.
Written and formal; in conversation 言う or 話す.
示すto show; to indicateVerbN3
地図の赤い点は避難所の位置を示している。The red dots on the map show where the evacuation shelters are.
生じるto arise; to occurVerbN2
計画に変更が生じた場合は、すぐに連絡してください。If any change to the plan arises, please let us know at once.
Used of problems, differences and changes, rarely of events.
及ぼすto exert; to cause (an effect)VerbN2
大雨は農作物に大きな被害を及ぼした。The heavy rain did great damage to the crops.
Almost always with 影響 or 被害 as its object.
図るto aim at; to work towardsVerbN2
会社は新しい制度で業務の効率化を図っている。With the new system the company is trying to make its work more efficient.
One of several verbs read はかる; to measure is 測る.
努めるto make efforts; to striveVerbN2
当店では、食品の安全の確保に努めております。This shop makes every effort to keep its food safe.
Three verbs are read つとめる: 努める to strive, 勤める to work for, 務める to serve as.
伴うto accompany; to involveVerbN2
冬の登山には常に危険が伴う。Climbing in winter always involves danger.
至るto reach; to lead toVerbN2
両社は長い話し合いの末、合意に至った。After long talks the two companies reached an agreement.
〜に至るまで: right down to, including even.
基づくto be based onVerbN2
この記事は実際の調査に基づいて書かれている。This article is based on an actual survey.
応じるto respond to; to comply withVerbN2
当社はお客様の要望に応じて商品を作ります。We make products to meet our customers’ requests.
〜に応じて: according to, in response to.
経るto pass through; to go throughVerbN2
法案は長い審議を経て、ようやく成立した。After lengthy debate the bill was finally passed.
Mostly as 〜を経て, after going through.
異なるto differVerbN3
国によって習慣は大きく異なる。Customs differ greatly from country to country.
The written partner of 違う; unlike it, never means “wrong”.
設けるto set up; to establishVerbN2
駅前に臨時の相談窓口が設けられた。A temporary advice desk has been set up in front of the station.
Not 儲ける, to make a profit, which sounds the same.
定めるto lay down; to prescribeVerbN2
法律で定められた手続きに従ってください。Please follow the procedure laid down by law.
補うto make up for; to supplementVerbN2
足りない栄養をサプリメントで補う人が増えている。More and more people make up for missing nutrients with supplements.
保つto keep; to maintainVerbN2
部屋の温度を一定に保ってください。Please keep the room at a constant temperature.
担うto bear; to shoulder (a role)VerbN2
若い世代がこれからの地域を担っていく。It is the younger generation who will carry the region forward.
要するto require; to takeVerbN2
工事の完成までには、かなりの時間を要する。The construction will take a considerable time to complete.
A formal かかる or 必要とする.
用いるto use; to employVerbN2
今回の実験には特別な装置を用いた。A special device was used for this experiment.
The written equivalent of 使う.
委ねるto entrust; to leave toVerbN2
最終的な判断は現場の責任者に委ねられた。The final decision was left to the person in charge on site.
促すto urge; to promptVerbN2
市は住民に早めの避難を促した。The city urged residents to evacuate early.
招くto invite; to bring aboutVerbN2
小さな誤解が大きなトラブルを招いた。A small misunderstanding led to serious trouble.
Of a guest: to invite. Of a result, almost always a bad one.
踏まえるto take into account; to build onVerbN2
昨年の反省を踏まえて、計画を立て直した。Taking last year’s lessons into account, we reworked the plan.
見なすto regard as; to treat asVerbN2
期限までに返事がない場合は、欠席と見なします。If there is no reply by the deadline, we will assume you are not attending.
有するto have; to possessVerbN2
同社は世界各地に工場を有している。The company has factories in many parts of the world.
Written only; in speech 持っている.
占めるto occupy; to account forVerbN2
女性が社員の半数以上を占めている。Women make up more than half of the employees.
欠くto lackVerbN2
彼の説明は具体性を欠いていた。His explanation lacked specifics.
Transitive; 〜に欠ける is its intransitive partner.
損なうto harm; to spoilVerbN2
夜更かしを続けると健康を損なう。Staying up late night after night damages your health.
試みるto attempt; to tryVerbN2
研究チームは新しい方法を試みた。The research team tried a new method.
掲げるto hold up; to set out (a goal)VerbN2
新政権は経済の立て直しを目標に掲げた。The new government set economic recovery as its goal.
Literally to raise high, like a flag; figuratively a goal or a slogan.
Noun (10)
検討consideration; examinationNounN2
新しい提案については、来週の会議で検討します。We will consider the new proposal at next week’s meeting.
Also a verb: 検討する. In business it can be a polite way of not saying yes.
実施carrying out; implementationNounN2
市では毎年、すべての小学校で避難訓練を実施している。Every year the city holds an evacuation drill at all its primary schools.
Also a verb: 実施する. For plans, surveys, exams and measures, not everyday actions.
把握grasp; understandingNounN2
まず現状を正確に把握することが大切だ。The first thing is to grasp the current situation accurately.
Also a verb: 把握する.
確保securing; ensuringNounN2
会場の近くに駐車場を確保した。We secured a car park near the venue.
Also a verb: 確保する.
導入introduction (of a system or method)NounN2
当社は来年度から在宅勤務を導入する。The company will introduce working from home from the next financial year.
Also a verb: 導入する.
推進promotion; driving forwardNounN2
政府は再生可能エネルギーの利用を推進している。The government is promoting the use of renewable energy.
Also a verb: 推進する.
指摘pointing outNounN2
上司に資料の間違いを指摘された。My boss pointed out a mistake in the document.
Also a verb: 指摘する.
考慮consideration; taking into accountNounN2
天候を考慮して、出発を一日遅らせた。Taking the weather into account, we put off our departure by a day.
Also a verb: 考慮する.
維持maintenance; keeping upNounN2
健康を維持するために、毎朝歩いている。I walk every morning to stay healthy.
Also a verb: 維持する.
実現realisation; coming trueNounN3
長年の夢がついに実現した。A long-held dream has finally come true.
Also a verb: 実現する, both “to come true” and “to make happen”.
This list belongs to Opinions and abstract words — seven lists and 281 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
Multiple choice and gaps, drawn from exactly these 40 words. Whatever you get wrong comes back tomorrow.