C2 · 23 words
Epigraphy and palaeography in German
Reading what was cut into stone or written on parchment, and the words for what has been lost.
Practise this list
From these 23 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list
Der Abklatsch leads two lives, and a learner usually meets the wrong one first. In everyday German it is a put-down: ein billiger Abklatsch is a cheap knock-off, a sequel or a building that copies something better and loses whatever made it good. In the epigrapher’s workroom the same word names the most faithful copy there is. Damp paper is laid over the stone and beaten into every cut with a stiff brush; once dry, it lifts off with the letters standing in relief, including strokes the eye no longer finds on a verwittert surface. English calls this a squeeze. So the word a reviewer uses to dismiss an imitation is, on an archive shelf, a copy that keeps the depth of every stroke, which no photograph can. The sentence around it decides which sense is meant, and in this list it is always the second.
The words
Verb (3)
meißelnto chisel, to carve (in stone)VerbC1
First person: ich meißle (or ich meißele); wir meißeln.
einritzento scratch in, to inciseVerbC2
Separable: ritzt ein, eingeritzt; in + accusative.
entziffernto decipher, to make outVerbC1
Inseparable: no ge- in the participle (entziffert).
Noun (19)
Grammar for these: The three genders · The plural
die InschriftinscriptionNounC1
Plural: die Inschriften.
der Inschriftenträgerinscribed object, carrier of an inscriptionNounC2
Plural: die Inschriftenträger.
die EpigraphikepigraphyNounC2
No plural. Also spelt die Epigrafik.
die PaläographiepalaeographyNounC2
No plural. Also spelt die Paläografie.
der Abklatschsqueeze (paper impression); poor imitationNounC2
Plural: die Abklatsche. In everyday German: a feeble copy.
der Buchstabenresttrace of a letterNounC2
Plural: die Buchstabenreste.
die eckige Klammersquare bracketNounC1
Plural: die eckigen Klammern.
die Majuskelmajuscule (script)NounC2
Plural: die Majuskeln.
die Minuskelminuscule (script)NounC2
Plural: die Minuskeln.
die KapitalisRoman capitals, capitalisNounC2
No plural.
die Unzialeuncial (script)NounC2
Plural: die Unzialen.
der Duktusductus (the way a hand moves)NounC2
Genitive: des Duktus. Plural rare. Also used of a speaker’s or writer’s manner.
der SchnörkelflourishNounC1
Plural: die Schnörkel. Idiom: ohne Schnörkel, plainly.
das Autographautograph manuscript (in the author’s own hand)NounC2
Plural: die Autographen. Also spelt das Autograf. A famous person’s signature is das Autogramm.
der GriffelstylusNounC1
Plural: die Griffel. Colloquially also: fingers.
die Wachstafelwax tabletNounC2
Plural: die Wachstafeln.
der Kürzungsstrichabbreviation strokeNounC2
Plural: die Kürzungsstriche.
die Eisengallustinteiron-gall inkNounC2
Usually singular.
die Umschriftlegend (round a seal or coin); transliterationNounC2
Plural: die Umschriften. Also: transliteration into another script.
Adjective (1)
Grammar for these: Adjectives after sein · Comparative and superlative
verwittertweathered, worn by the weatherAdjectiveC1
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This list belongs to School, study and language — 20 lists and 836 words that can also be practised as a whole.