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From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list The list an argument is assembled with. Near the top is certes , and it does the opposite of what an English reader will assume. It is not an intensifier: it is a *concession *. Certes, le coût est élevé, mais… means « admittedly the cost is high, but… » — the speaker hands the point over precisely so that mais can take it back, and a certes without a following objection sounds unfinished. English « certainly » insists: « the cost is certainly high » agrees and stops. So reading certes as « certainly » loses the concession and turns the sentence into the argument it was written to answer. The English equivalents are « admittedly », « granted », « it is true that » — and « to be sure », which is the closest and is itself a concession despite looking like an assertion.
The words
View Compact With examples
Adverb (6)
Grammar for these: Adverbs in -ment
néanmoins nevertheless Adverb B2 Le résultat est faible ; néanmoins, il est réel. The result is weak; nevertheless, it is real.
toutefois however Adverb B2 Toutefois, rien n’est encore décidé. However, nothing has been decided yet.
certes admittedly Adverb B2 Certes, la méthode est lente, mais elle marche. Admittedly, the method is slow, but it works.
ainsi in this way Adverb B2 Ainsi, chacun garde une copie. In this way, everyone keeps a copy.
notamment notably Adverb B2 Le texte vise notamment les petites entreprises. The text is aimed notably at small businesses.
voire or even Adverb B2 Cela prendra des mois, voire des années. That will take months, or even years.
Phrase (44)
en premier lieu in the first place Phrase B2 En premier lieu, il faut définir le problème. In the first place, the problem needs to be defined.
par ailleurs besides (on another matter) Phrase B2 Par ailleurs, le délai est très court. Besides, the deadline is very tight.
en outre furthermore Phrase B2 En outre, les frais ont augmenté. Furthermore, the costs have gone up.
de surcroît what is more Phrase B2 Le texte est long et, de surcroît, mal écrit. The text is long and, what is more, badly written.
du reste anyway (for that matter) Phrase B2 Il ne viendra pas, du reste il ne l’a jamais promis. He will not come; he never promised to anyway.
à savoir namely Phrase B2 Une seule condition, à savoir un accord écrit. Only one condition, namely a written agreement.
en somme all in all Phrase B2 En somme, la journée a été utile. All in all, the day was useful.
en définitive ultimately Phrase B2 En définitive, la décision revient au conseil. Ultimately, the decision rests with the council.
en conclusion in conclusion Phrase B2 En conclusion, deux points restent ouverts. In conclusion, two points remain open.
pour conclure to conclude Phrase B2 Pour conclure, je citerai un seul chiffre. To conclude, I shall quote a single figure.
en résumé in summary Phrase B2 En résumé, le projet coûte trop cher. In summary, the project costs too much.
de ce fait for this reason Phrase B2 La route est fermée ; de ce fait, nous arriverons tard. The road is closed; for this reason we shall arrive late.
dès lors from then on Phrase B2 Dès lors, tout le monde a compris. From then on, everybody understood.
par conséquent consequently Phrase B2 Le dossier est incomplet ; par conséquent, il est rejeté. The file is incomplete; consequently, it is rejected.
de sorte que so that Phrase B2 Il a parlé lentement, de sorte que tous ont suivi. He spoke slowly, so that everyone could follow.
si bien que with the result that Phrase B2 Il pleuvait, si bien que la fête a été annulée. It was raining, with the result that the party was cancelled.
à tel point que to such an extent that Phrase B2 Il faisait froid à tel point que l’eau a gelé. It was cold to such an extent that the water froze.
dans la mesure où insofar as Phrase B2 Dans la mesure où le budget le permet, nous acceptons. Insofar as the budget allows it, we accept.
étant donné que given that Phrase B2 Étant donné que personne n’a répondu, nous continuons. Given that nobody has replied, we are carrying on.
vu que seeing that Phrase B2 Vu que le train est supprimé, nous prenons la voiture. Seeing that the train has been cancelled, we are taking the car.
du fait que owing to the fact that Phrase B2 Du fait que la loi a changé, tout est à refaire. Owing to the fact that the law has changed, it all has to be done again.
compte tenu de in view of Phrase B2 Compte tenu du retard, nous reportons la réunion. In view of the delay, we are postponing the meeting.
en raison de because of Phrase B2 En raison de la grève, les bureaux sont fermés. Because of the strike, the offices are closed.
faute de for want of Phrase B2 Faute de preuves, la plainte a été classée. For want of evidence, the complaint was closed.
à défaut de in the absence of Phrase B2 À défaut d’accord, le contrat prend fin. In the absence of an agreement, the contract comes to an end.
quitte à even if it means Phrase B2 Je finirai ce soir, quitte à rester tard. I shall finish this evening, even if it means staying late.
quand bien même even if Phrase B2 Quand bien même il refuserait, nous continuerions. Even if he refused, we would carry on.
à moins que unless Phrase B2 Nous partons à huit heures, à moins qu’il ne pleuve. We are leaving at eight o’clock, unless it rains.
pourvu que provided that Phrase B2 Tout ira bien, pourvu que le matériel arrive. All will go well, provided that the equipment arrives.
tant que as long as Phrase B2 Tant que la lumière est verte, on peut passer. As long as the light is green, you may go.
dès que as soon as Phrase B2 Dès que le rapport sera prêt, je vous l’envoie. As soon as the report is ready, I shall send it to you.
une fois que once Phrase B2 Une fois que la peinture sèche, on remet les meubles. Once the paint is dry, we shall put the furniture back.
au fur et à mesure as things progress Phrase B2 Les données arrivent au fur et à mesure. The data are coming in as things progress.
entre autres among other things Phrase B2 Il a cité, entre autres, deux exemples récents. He cited, among other things, two recent examples.
en particulier in particular Phrase B2 Un point mérite en particulier notre attention. One point deserves our attention in particular.
à l’inverse conversely Phrase B2 À l’inverse, les petites villes ont gagné des habitants. Conversely, the small towns have gained inhabitants.
en comparaison by comparison Phrase B2 En comparaison, le premier essai était meilleur. By comparison, the first attempt was better.
de même likewise Phrase B2 De même, la deuxième règle vaut pour tous. Likewise, the second rule applies to everyone.
tout comme just as Phrase B2 Tout comme l’an dernier, la salle était pleine. Just as last year, the hall was full.
à l’instar de following the example of Phrase B2 À l’instar de ses voisins, la ville a réduit la vitesse. Following the example of its neighbours, the town has reduced the speed limit.
contrairement à contrary to Phrase B2 Contrairement à ce qui était prévu, tout a marché. Contrary to what had been planned, everything worked.
plutôt que rather than Phrase B2 Écrivez une phrase claire plutôt qu’un paragraphe. Write one clear sentence rather than a paragraph.
force est de constater one has to acknowledge Phrase B2 Force est de constater que rien n’a changé. One has to acknowledge that nothing has changed.
il n’en reste pas moins the fact remains that Phrase B2 Il n’en reste pas moins que le coût est élevé. The fact remains that the cost is high.
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