B2 · 28 words
Writing and arguing in French
The phrases that hold a piece of writing together.
Practise this list
From these 28 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list
One phrase in this list carries a rule that English has no way of showing. Il semble que is followed by the subjunctive: il semble que la réunion soit annulée, with soit and not est, because the writer is reporting an impression and standing back from it. Add a single pronoun and the mood changes: il me semble que la réunion est annulée takes the indicative, because me gives the impression an owner, and somebody who owns an impression is answering for it. Two sentences, one small word apart, and the whole degree of the writer’s responsibility for what follows sits in that word. English has one shape for both, « it seems that » and « it seems to me that », and the verb after them never moves. Two neighbours are worth keeping apart while learning this: il paraît que is hearsay, what people say, and takes the indicative; il se peut que is possibility, and takes the subjunctive always. The rule to carry away is that in French an impression with an owner is asserted, and an impression without one is merely entertained.
The words
Noun (1)
Grammar for these: Definite article: le, la, les · Indefinite article: un, une
les salutationsthe closing greetingsNounB1
Adverb (2)
Grammar for these: Adverbs in -ment
égalementalso (in addition)AdverbB1
globalementoverallAdverbB2
Preposition (1)
concernantregardingPrepositionB2
Conjunction (2)
tandis quewhereasConjunctionB2
bien quealthoughConjunctionB1
Phrase (22)
c’est pourquoithat is whyPhraseB1
malgré toutall the samePhraseB2
outre celabesides thatPhraseB2
en second lieusecondlyPhraseB2
par suite deowing toPhraseB1
il en résulte queit follows thatPhraseB1
à titre d’exempleby way of examplePhraseB1
dit autrementput another wayPhraseB1
faire valoirto put forward (an argument)PhraseB1
mettre l’accent surto place the emphasis onPhraseB2
partir du principe queto assume thatPhraseB2
il semble queit seems thatPhraseB1
être susceptible deto be liable toPhraseB2
dans une certaine mesureto a certain extentPhraseB2
somme touteall in allPhraseC1
en termes dein terms ofPhraseB2
en ce qui me concerneas far as I am concernedPhraseB2
selon moiin my viewPhraseB1
tirer une conclusionto draw a conclusionPhraseB2
porter ses fruitsto bear fruitPhraseB2
veuillez trouver ci-jointplease find attachedPhraseB2
présenter ses excusesto offer one’s apologiesPhraseB1
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This list belongs to Language, style and argument — 30 lists and 1 225 words that can also be practised as a whole.