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5  ·  40 words

Formal verbs

The verbs of reports, notices and official language: carrying out, ensuring, overseeing and calling for.

Official Chinese has its own set of two-character verbs, and each tends to keep company with particular nouns: one 履行(lǚxíng) an obligation, 采取(cǎiqǔ) measures, 遵守(zūnshǒu) rules, 征求(zhēngqiú) opinions. Learning the pair rather than the verb alone is what makes these words usable. In everyday speech most of them have a plainer equivalent, so 确保(quèbǎo) is often simply 一定(yídìng)要(yào), and 协助(xiézhù) is 帮(bāng).

The words

Verb (40)

履行(lǚxíng)to fulfil; to carry out (a duty or promise)Verb5
双方(shuāngfāng)都(dōu)应该(yīnggāi)履行(lǚxíng)合同(hétong)规定(guīdìng)的(de)义务(yìwù)。Both parties should fulfil the obligations laid down in the contract.

With 义务(yìwù), 职责(zhízé), 承诺(chéngnuò), 合同(hétong).

实施(shíshī)to implement; to put into effectVerb5
新(xīn)的(de)交通(jiāotōng)规则(guīzé)从(cóng)下(xià)个(ge)月(yuè)开始(kāishǐ)实施(shíshī)。The new traffic rules come into force next month.
推动(tuīdòng)to push forward; to promoteVerb5
这(zhè)项(xiàng)研究(yánjiū)推动(tuīdòng)了(le)整个(zhěnggè)行业(hángyè)的(de)发展(fāzhǎn)。This research drove forward the development of the whole industry.
维护(wéihù)to maintain; to uphold; to safeguardVerb5
每(měi)个(ge)人(rén)都(dōu)有(yǒu)责任(zérèn)维护(wéihù)公共(gōnggòng)秩序(zhìxù)。Everyone has a responsibility to uphold public order.

Also of equipment and websites: 网站(wǎngzhàn)维护(wéihù), site maintenance.

遵守(zūnshǒu)to observe; to abide byVerb4
来(lái)这里(zhèlǐ)参观(cānguān)的(de)人(rén)都(dōu)要(yào)遵守(zūnshǒu)博物馆(bówùguǎn)的(de)规定(guīdìng)。Everyone visiting here must observe the museum's rules.
调整(tiáozhěng)to adjustVerb4
因为(yīnwèi)天气(tiānqì)原因(yuányīn),航班(hángbān)时间(shíjiān)有所(yǒusuǒ)调整(tiáozhěng)。Because of the weather, flight times have been adjusted somewhat.

调(tiáo) is tiáo here, diào in 调查(diàochá).

采取(cǎiqǔ)to adopt; to take (measures)Verb4
政府(zhèngfǔ)采取(cǎiqǔ)了(le)一些(yìxiē)措施(cuòshī)减少(jiǎnshǎo)空气(kōngqì)污染(wūrǎn)。The government has taken measures to reduce air pollution.

With 措施(cuòshī), 行动(xíngdòng), 办法(bànfǎ), 态度(tàidu).

落实(luòshí)to put into practice; to carry throughVerb5
计划(jìhuà)定好(dìnghǎo)了(le),关键(guānjiàn)是(shì)怎么(zěnme)落实(luòshí)。The plan is settled; the key is how to put it into practice.
强调(qiángdiào)to emphasise; to stressVerb4
老师(lǎoshī)特别(tèbié)强调(qiángdiào),考试(kǎoshì)时(shí)不(bù)能(néng)用(yòng)手机(shǒujī)。The teacher made a point of stressing that phones may not be used during the exam.
涉及(shèjí)to involve; to touch onVerb5
这个(zhège)问题(wèntí)涉及(shèjí)很(hěn)多(duō)部门(bùmén),不(bù)容易(róngyì)解决(jiějué)。This problem involves many departments and is not easy to solve.
贯彻(guànchè)to carry out thoroughly (a policy or principle)Verb5
新(xīn)政策(zhèngcè)必须(bìxū)在(zài)基层(jīcéng)得到(dédào)贯彻(guànchè)。The new policy must be carried through at grassroots level.
开展(kāizhǎn)to launch; to carry out (activities)Verb5
图书馆(túshūguǎn)开展(kāizhǎn)了(le)一系列(yíxìliè)读书(dúshū)活动(huódòng)。The library has launched a series of reading activities.

With 活动(huódòng), 工作(gōngzuò), 研究(yánjiū).

确保(quèbǎo)to ensure; to make sureVerb5
出发(chūfā)前(qián)请(qǐng)确保(quèbǎo)手机(shǒujī)电量(diànliàng)充足(chōngzú)。Before setting off, please make sure your phone is well charged.
保障(bǎozhàng)to guarantee; to safeguard; guaranteeVerb5
法律(fǎlǜ)保障(bǎozhàng)每(měi)个(ge)公民(gōngmín)的(de)基本(jīběn)权利(quánlì)。The law guarantees the basic rights of every citizen.
完善(wánshàn)to improve; to perfect; completeVerb5
我们(wǒmen)会(huì)根据(gēnjù)大家(dàjiā)的(de)意见(yìjiàn)不断(búduàn)完善(wánshàn)服务(fúwù)。We will keep improving our service in the light of everyone's feedback.

Also an adjective: complete, well developed.

推行(tuīxíng)to introduce and spread (a policy or method)Verb5
政府(zhèngfǔ)正在(zhèngzài)全国(quánguó)推行(tuīxíng)垃圾分类(lājīfēnlèi)。The government is introducing waste sorting across the country.

推行(tuīxíng) puts something into wide use; 推动(tuīdòng) pushes it forward.

拟定(nǐdìng)to draw up; to draftVerb5
律师(lǜshī)已经(yǐjīng)拟定(nǐdìng)了(le)合同(hétong)的(de)初稿(chūgǎo)。The lawyer has already drawn up a first draft of the contract.
颁布(bānbù)to promulgate; to issue (a law)Verb5
国家(guójiā)颁布(bānbù)了(le)新(xīn)的(de)环境(huánjìng)保护(bǎohù)法(fǎ)。The state has promulgated a new environmental protection law.
审批(shěnpī)to examine and approve; approvalVerb5
开(kāi)餐厅(cāntīng)需要(xūyào)经过(jīngguò)好(hǎo)几(jǐ)个(ge)部门(bùmén)的(de)审批(shěnpī)。Opening a restaurant requires approval from several departments.
筹备(chóubèi)to prepare (an event); to make arrangementsVerb5
他们(tāmen)花(huā)了(le)半(bàn)年(nián)筹备(chóubèi)这(zhè)次(cì)展览(zhǎnlǎn)。They spent six months preparing this exhibition.
规范(guīfàn)to regulate; to standardise; standardVerb5
这个(zhège)行业(hángyè)需要(xūyào)进一步(jìnyíbù)规范(guīfàn)。This industry needs to be further regulated.

Also a noun or adjective: 规范(guīfàn)的(de)普通话(pǔtōnghuà), standard Mandarin.

监督(jiāndū)to supervise; to overseeVerb5
家长(jiāzhǎng)可以(kěyǐ)监督(jiāndū)学校(xuéxiào)食堂(shítáng)的(de)卫生(wèishēng)。Parents can keep a check on hygiene in the school canteen.
评估(pínggū)to assess; to evaluateVerb5
专家(zhuānjiā)正在(zhèngzài)评估(pínggū)这个(zhège)项目(xiàngmù)的(de)风险(fēngxiǎn)。Experts are assessing the risks of this project.
致力(zhìlì)to devote oneself (to)Verb5
这个(zhège)组织(zǔzhī)一直(yìzhí)致力(zhìlì)于(yú)保护(bǎohù)野生动物(yěshēngdòngwù)。This organisation has always been devoted to protecting wildlife.

Almost always 致力(zhìlì)于(yú) + what one works for.

呼吁(hūyù)to appeal; to call onVerb5
医生(yīshēng)呼吁(hūyù)大家(dàjiā)少(shǎo)吃(chī)糖(táng)。Doctors are urging everyone to eat less sugar.
确立(quèlì)to establish; to set (firmly)Verb5
这(zhè)次(cì)会议(huìyì)确立(quèlì)了(le)公司(gōngsī)未来(wèilái)五(wǔ)年(nián)的(de)发展(fāzhǎn)方向(fāngxiàng)。This meeting set the company's direction for the next five years.
指出(zhǐchū)to point outVerb4
报告(bàogào)指出(zhǐchū),城市(chéngshì)交通(jiāotōng)问题(wèntí)越来越(yuèláiyuè)严重(yánzhòng)。The report points out that the city's traffic problems are getting worse.
表彰(biǎozhāng)to commend; to honour (publicly)Verb5
公司(gōngsī)在(zài)年会(niánhuì)上(shang)表彰(biǎozhāng)了(le)十(shí)名(míng)优秀(yōuxiù)员工(yuángōng)。At the annual meeting the company honoured ten outstanding employees.

Public and official; everyday praise is 表扬(biǎoyáng).

授予(shòuyǔ)to award; to conferVerb5
大学(dàxué)授予(shòuyǔ)她(tā)名誉(míngyù)博士(bóshì)学位(xuéwèi)。The university awarded her an honorary doctorate.
号召(hàozhào)to call on; to appeal to (the public)Verb5
学校(xuéxiào)号召(hàozhào)学生(xuésheng)节约(jiéyuē)用(yòng)水(shuǐ)。The school called on its students to save water.
担任(dānrèn)to hold (a post); to serve asVerb4
她(tā)在(zài)公司(gōngsī)担任(dānrèn)财务(cáiwù)经理(jīnglǐ)。She is the finance manager at the company.
发起(fāqǐ)to initiate; to launch (a campaign)Verb5
几(jǐ)个(ge)大学生(dàxuéshēng)发起(fāqǐ)了(le)一(yí)个(ge)保护(bǎohù)河流(héliú)的(de)活动(huódòng)。A few university students started a campaign to protect rivers.
出台(chūtái)to bring out (a policy); to be introducedVerb5
政府(zhèngfǔ)出台(chūtái)了(le)新(xīn)的(de)住房(zhùfáng)政策(zhèngcè)。The government has brought out a new housing policy.

Literally to come onto the stage; of policies, rules and plans.

协助(xiézhù)to assistVerb5
警方(jǐngfāng)请(qǐng)市民(shìmín)协助(xiézhù)寻找(xúnzhǎo)这(zhè)名(míng)老人(lǎorén)。The police have asked the public to help find this elderly man.
征求(zhēngqiú)to solicit; to ask for (opinions)Verb5
在(zài)做(zuò)决定(juédìng)以前(yǐqián),我(wǒ)想(xiǎng)征求(zhēngqiú)一下(yíxià)大家(dàjiā)的(de)意见(yìjiàn)。Before deciding, I would like to ask for everyone's views.
遵循(zūnxún)to follow (principles or rules)Verb5
写(xiě)论文(lùnwén)要(yào)遵循(zūnxún)学术(xuéshù)规范(guīfàn)。When writing a thesis you must follow academic conventions.

One 遵守(zūnshǒu) rules one could break; one 遵循(zūnxún) principles as a guide.

违背(wéibèi)to go against; to violateVerb5
这样(zhèyàng)做(zuò)违背(wéibèi)了(le)我(wǒ)当初(dāngchū)的(de)承诺(chéngnuò)。Doing this went against the promise I made at the start.
杜绝(dùjué)to put a complete stop to; to eliminateVerb5
工厂(gōngchǎng)必须(bìxū)杜绝(dùjué)一切(yíqiè)安全(ānquán)隐患(yǐnhuàn)。The factory must eliminate every safety hazard.
着手(zhuóshǒu)to set about; to beginVerb5
我们(wǒmen)已经(yǐjīng)着手(zhuóshǒu)调查(diàochá)这(zhè)件(jiàn)事(shì)。We have already begun looking into this matter.

着(zhuó) reads zhuó here, as in 着重(zhuózhòng).

提倡(tíchàng)to advocate; to encourageVerb4
社区(shèqū)提倡(tíchàng)居民(jūmín)少(shǎo)开车(kāichē),多(duō)坐(zuò)公交(gōngjiāo)。The neighbourhood encourages residents to drive less and take the bus more.

This list belongs to Set expressions and written Chinese — five lists and 201 words that can also be practised as a whole.

Practise this list

Multiple choice and gaps, drawn from exactly these 40 words. Whatever you get wrong comes back tomorrow.