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C2  ·  50 words

Organic chemistry in Spanish

Functional groups, stereochemistry and mechanisms — how to talk about molecules nobody ever sees.

La cadena here is a run of carbon atoms, and « chain » says the same. The Spanish word then keeps going where ours stops. Una cadena de televisión is a channel, not a network of anything; una cadena de tiendas is a chain of shops, which we do say; and la cadena perpetua is a life sentence, where the chain is the one nobody wears any more. On this page it is a molecule; on a remote control it is a channel; in a courtroom it is a sentence.

The words

Phrase (33)

la química orgánicathe study of what carbon buildsPhraseC2
La química orgánica estudia los compuestos del carbono.Organic chemistry studies the compounds of carbon.
el esqueleto carbonadothe run of carbon atoms a molecule is hung onPhraseC2
El esqueleto carbonado tiene ocho átomos.The carbon skeleton has eight atoms.
la cadena ramificadathe chain that forks, and boils at a lower temperature for itPhraseC2
La cadena ramificada hierve a menor temperatura.The branched chain boils at a lower temperature.
el grupo funcionalthe handful of atoms that decides how a molecule behavesPhraseC2
El grupo funcional decide la reactividad.The functional group decides the reactivity.
el hidrocarburo saturadothe hydrocarbon with single bonds and nothing elsePhraseC2
El hidrocarburo saturado solo tiene enlaces simples.The saturated hydrocarbon has only single bonds.
el anillo aromáticothe ring that refuses to take anything onPhraseC2
El anillo aromático resiste la adición.The aromatic ring resists addition.
el alcohol primariothe alcohol on an end carbon, which oxidises to an aldehydePhraseC2
El alcohol primario se oxida a aldehído.The primary alcohol oxidises to an aldehyde.
el ácido carboxílicothe group that lets a proton go easilyPhraseC2
El ácido carboxílico cede el protón con facilidad.The carboxylic acid gives up the proton easily.
el éter orgánicothe oxygen between two carbons, which hardly reactsPhraseC2
El éter orgánico es poco reactivo.The ether is hardly reactive.
el halogenuro de alquilothe carbon with a halogen on it, easily swappedPhraseC2
El halogenuro de alquilo se sustituye con facilidad.The alkyl halide is substituted easily.
el enlace covalente polarthe bond that shares its charge unevenlyPhraseC2
El enlace covalente polar reparte la carga de forma desigual.The polar covalent bond shares the charge unevenly.
el efecto inductivothe pull passed along through the bonds themselvesPhraseC2
El efecto inductivo se transmite por los enlaces.The inductive effect is passed along the bonds.
la resonancia molecularthe spreading of charge that steadies an anionPhraseC2
La resonancia molecular estabiliza el anión.Resonance stabilises the anion.
el orbital híbridothe mixed orbital that explains the angle between bondsPhraseC2
El orbital híbrido explica el ángulo de enlace.The hybrid orbital explains the bond angle.
la geometría molecularthe shape a molecule takes in space, here tetrahedralPhraseC2
La geometría molecular es tetraédrica.The molecular geometry is tetrahedral.
el isómero estructuralthe molecule with the same formula and a different skeletonPhraseC2
El isómero estructural tiene la misma fórmula.The structural isomer has the same formula.
el carbono asimétricothe carbon with four different things on itPhraseC2
El carbono asimétrico lleva cuatro sustituyentes distintos.The asymmetric carbon carries four different substituents.
la mezcla racémicathe equal mixture of both, which turns polarised light not at allPhraseC2
La mezcla racémica no desvía la luz polarizada.The racemic mixture does not rotate polarised light.
la configuración absolutathe naming of which mirror image it is, with an R or an SPhraseC2
La configuración absoluta se nombra con erre o ese.The absolute configuration is named with an R or an S.
la conformación en sillathe folded shape a six-carbon ring settles intoPhraseC2
La conformación en silla es la más estable del ciclohexano.The chair conformation is the most stable one of cyclohexane.
el mecanismo de reacciónthe account of what happens, step by stepPhraseC2
El mecanismo de reacción transcurre en dos etapas.The reaction mechanism runs in two steps.
el sustrato orgánicothe molecule the attack is made onPhraseC2
El sustrato orgánico recibe el ataque.The organic substrate receives the attack.
el grupo salientethe piece that walks off with the electron pairPhraseC2
El grupo saliente se marcha con el par de electrones.The leaving group departs with the electron pair.
la sustitución nucleófilathe swap that turns the arrangement inside outPhraseC2
La sustitución nucleófila invierte la configuración.Nucleophilic substitution inverts the configuration.
la reacción de eliminaciónthe reaction that pulls two pieces off and leaves a double bondPhraseC2
La reacción de eliminación forma un doble enlace.The elimination reaction forms a double bond.
la adición electrófilathe reaction that opens a double bondPhraseC2
La adición electrófila rompe el doble enlace.Electrophilic addition opens the double bond.
el intermedio de reacciónthe species that exists for microseconds on the wayPhraseC2
El intermedio de reacción dura microsegundos.The reaction intermediate lasts microseconds.
el estado de transiciónthe point at the top of the hill, which nothing sits atPhraseC2
El estado de transición está en el punto más alto.The transition state is at the highest point.
la energía de activaciónthe height of that hill, which a catalyst lowersPhraseC2
La energía de activación baja con el catalizador.The activation energy comes down with the catalyst.
la síntesis en varias etapasthe route with several steps, each of them costing yieldPhraseC2
La síntesis en varias etapas pierde rendimiento en cada paso.The multi-step synthesis loses yield at every step.
el rendimiento de la reacciónthe share of the theoretical amount actually obtainedPhraseC2
El rendimiento de la reacción fue del sesenta por ciento.The yield of the reaction was sixty per cent.
la purificación por columnathe separating of products by running them down a columnPhraseC2
La purificación por columna separa los dos productos.Purification by column separates the two products.
el punto de fusión como controlthe check that gives the impurity awayPhraseC2
El punto de fusión como control delata la impureza.The melting point as a check gives the impurity away.

Noun (m) (10)

el alquenothe hydrocarbon carrying one double bondNoun (m)C2
El alqueno lleva un doble enlace.The alkene carries a double bond.
el alquinothe hydrocarbon carrying a triple oneNoun (m)C2
El alquino tiene un triple enlace.The alkyne has a triple bond.
el aldehídothe carbonyl sitting at the end of the chainNoun (m)C2
El aldehído tiene el carbonilo en el extremo.The aldehyde has the carbonyl at the end.
el ésterthe group made from an acid and an alcohol, and smelling of fruitNoun (m)C2
El éster huele a fruta.The ester smells of fruit.
el nitrilothe triple bond to nitrogen, which hydrolyses to an acidNoun (m)C2
El nitrilo se hidroliza a ácido.The nitrile hydrolyses to an acid.
el estereoisómerothe molecule with the same skeleton and a different arrangementNoun (m)C2
El estereoisómero solo cambia la disposición espacial.The stereoisomer changes only the arrangement in space.
el enantiómerothe mirror image itself, which cannot be laid over the originalNoun (m)C2
El enantiómero es la imagen especular no superponible.The enantiomer is the mirror image that cannot be superposed.
el nucleófilothe attacker that brings a pair of electrons with itNoun (m)C2
El nucleófilo aporta un par de electrones.The nucleophile brings a pair of electrons.
el electrófilothe attacker that is looking for electrons insteadNoun (m)C2
El electrófilo busca densidad electrónica.The electrophile looks for electron density.
el carbocatiónthe carbon short of an electron pair, steadiest when most crowdedNoun (m)C2
El carbocatión terciario es el más estable.The tertiary carbocation is the most stable.

Noun (f) (7)

la aromaticidadthe property that requires the electrons to be spread outNoun (f)C2
La aromaticidad exige electrones deslocalizados.Aromaticity requires delocalised electrons.
la cetonathe carbonyl sitting inside the chainNoun (f)C2
La cetona lleva el carbonilo dentro de la cadena.The ketone carries the carbonyl inside the chain.
la amidathe bond that holds a protein togetherNoun (f)C2
La amida es el enlace de las proteínas.The amide is the bond of proteins.
la aminathe group that behaves as a baseNoun (f)C2
La amina se comporta como base.The amine behaves as a base.
la electronegatividadthe pull an atom has on the electrons it sharesNoun (f)C2
La electronegatividad del oxígeno atrae los electrones.The electronegativity of oxygen draws the electrons in.
la quiralidadthe property of not being superposable on one's mirror imageNoun (f)C2
La quiralidad decide el efecto del fármaco.Chirality decides the effect of the drug.
la recristalizaciónthe purifying that leaves the dirt behind in the liquidNoun (f)C2
La recristalización deja las impurezas en el líquido.Recrystallisation leaves the impurities in the liquid.

This list belongs to Nature and natural sciences — 31 lists and 1550 words that can also be practised as a whole.

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