C2 · 50 words
Structural engineering in Spanish
Loads, forces, sizing and checks — the language in which a building is calculated.
La fluencia del hormigón is the creep of concrete, and la fluencia has to be read twice in this trade. On concrete it is creep: the slow sagging under a load that never changes. On steel it is yield — el límite de fluencia is the yield point, the stress at which the metal stops springing back. English keeps « creep » and « yield » well apart and would never guess they are one word. And neither of them is « fluency », which is la soltura and belongs on another page entirely.
The words
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Phrase (48)
el cálculo estructuralthe arithmetic that decides whether a structure stands upPhraseC2
El cálculo estructural precede al despiece.Structural analysis comes before the reinforcement drawings.
la acción permanentethe load that is always there, the building's own weight includedPhraseC2
La acción permanente incluye el peso propio.The permanent action includes the self-weight.
la sobrecarga de usothe load of whatever the building is used forPhraseC2
La sobrecarga de uso depende del destino del local.The imposed load depends on what the room is used for.
la acción variablethe load that comes and goes: people, snow, windPhraseC2
La acción variable se combina con coeficientes.The variable action is combined using factors.
la acción accidentalthe load nobody plans for but somebody has to allow forPhraseC2
La acción accidental cubre el impacto de un vehículo.The accidental action covers the impact of a vehicle.
la combinación de accionesthe putting together of several loads at once, each with its own weightPhraseC2
La combinación de acciones más desfavorable manda.The most unfavourable load combination governs.
el coeficiente de mayoraciónthe factor that makes a load bigger on paper than in lifePhraseC2
El coeficiente de mayoración aumenta la carga de cálculo.The partial factor raises the design load.
el estado límite últimothe check that asks whether it breaksPhraseC2
El estado límite último pregunta si se rompe.The ultimate limit state asks whether it breaks.
el estado límite de serviciothe check that asks whether it sags, cracks or shakesPhraseC2
El estado límite de servicio suele mandar en la viga larga.The serviceability limit state usually governs the long beam.
el esfuerzo axilthe force running straight along a memberPhraseC2
El esfuerzo axil recorre el pilar de arriba abajo.The axial force runs down the column from top to bottom.
el esfuerzo cortantethe force trying to slide one part of a member past the nextPhraseC2
El esfuerzo cortante es máximo junto al apoyo.The shear force is greatest next to the support.
el momento flectorthe bending a member has to carry at each pointPhraseC2
El momento flector alcanza el máximo en el centro del vano.The bending moment reaches its maximum at mid-span.
el momento torsorthe twisting a member has to carry at each pointPhraseC2
El momento torsor aparece con cargas excéntricas.The torsional moment appears with eccentric loads.
el diagrama de esfuerzosthe drawing of any of those along the whole lengthPhraseC2
El diagrama de esfuerzos se dibuja para toda la barra.The force diagram is drawn for the whole member.
la línea de influenciathe curve that says where to stand the moving load to do most harmPhraseC2
La línea de influencia dice dónde colocar la carga móvil.The influence line says where to place the moving load.
la estructura hiperestáticathe frame with more supports than it strictly needsPhraseC2
La estructura hiperestática reparte el esfuerzo por rigidez.The statically indeterminate structure shares the force by stiffness.
el grado de indeterminaciónthe count of how many supports too many that isPhraseC2
El grado de indeterminación se cuenta antes de resolver.The degree of indeterminacy is counted before solving.
la rótula plásticathe point where steel gives and starts turning like a jointPhraseC2
La rótula plástica permite redistribuir el momento.The plastic hinge allows the moment to be redistributed.
la redistribución de esfuerzosthe passing of force from that point to the stiffer partsPhraseC2
La redistribución de esfuerzos exige ductilidad.Redistribution of forces requires ductility.
la ductilidad estructuralthe ability to bend a long way before breaking, which gives warningPhraseC2
La ductilidad estructural avisa antes del colapso.Structural ductility gives warning before collapse.
la rotura frágilthe failing that gives no warning at allPhraseC2
La rotura frágil no da aviso ninguno.Brittle failure gives no warning at all.
la longitud de pandeothe length that counts for that slender member, which the supports decidePhraseC2
La longitud de pandeo depende de los enlaces.The buckling length depends on the end conditions.
la esbeltez mecánicahow slender a column is, as one numberPhraseC2
La esbeltez mecánica pasa de cien en ese soporte.The slenderness ratio passes a hundred in that column.
la abolladura del almathe rippling of a thin plate under loadPhraseC2
La abolladura del alma se evita con rigidizadores.Web buckling is prevented with stiffeners.
el vuelco del elementoa beam tipping over sideways, which matters most while it is being liftedPhraseC2
El vuelco del elemento se comprueba durante el montaje.Lateral overturning of the member is checked during erection.
la flecha admisiblehow much sag is allowed, usually the span over three hundredPhraseC2
La flecha admisible es la luz partida por trescientos.The allowable deflection is the span divided by three hundred.
la fisuración del hormigónthe cracking of concrete, which is limited by crack widthPhraseC2
La fisuración del hormigón se limita por ancho de fisura.Cracking of the concrete is limited by crack width.
el recubrimiento de la armadurathe layer of concrete between the steel and the airPhraseC2
El recubrimiento de la armadura protege del óxido.The cover to the reinforcement protects it from rust.
la armadura longitudinalthe steel running the length of a member, which takes the pullPhraseC2
La armadura longitudinal absorbe la tracción.The longitudinal reinforcement takes the tension.
el cerco de cortantethe steel hoop round it, set closer together near the supportsPhraseC2
El cerco de cortante se junta cerca del apoyo.The shear link is spaced closer near the support.
la longitud de anclajethe length of bar needed for the concrete to hold itPhraseC2
La longitud de anclaje depende del diámetro.The anchorage length depends on the diameter.
el solape de barrasthe overlap where one bar takes over from the nextPhraseC2
El solape de barras no puede ir todo en la misma sección.The lap of the bars cannot all be in the same section.
el hormigón pretensadoconcrete squeezed in advance, so that a load has to undo that firstPhraseC2
El hormigón pretensado comprime antes de cargar.Prestressed concrete is compressed before it is loaded.
la pérdida de pretensadothe slow leaking away of that squeeze, over yearsPhraseC2
La pérdida de pretensado sigue durante años.Prestress loss goes on for years.
la fluencia del hormigónthe slow sagging of concrete under a load that never changesPhraseC2
La fluencia del hormigón aumenta la flecha con el tiempo.Creep of the concrete increases the deflection over time.
la junta de dilataciónthe gap left so that a building can grow and shrink without crackingPhraseC2
La junta de dilatación corta el edificio cada cuarenta metros.The expansion joint cuts the building every forty metres.
la unión atornilladathe joint made with bolts, tightened to a stated torquePhraseC2
La unión atornillada se aprieta a par controlado.The bolted connection is tightened to a controlled torque.
el cordón de soldadura en ángulothe weld laid in the corner between two platesPhraseC2
El cordón de soldadura en ángulo se dimensiona por su garganta.The fillet weld is sized by its throat.
la categoría de detalle a fatigathe class that says how a detail stands up to millions of load cyclesPhraseC2
La categoría de detalle a fatiga importa en puentes de ferrocarril.The fatigue detail category matters on railway bridges.
el análisis modalthe calculation that finds the ways a structure takes to vibrationPhraseC2
El análisis modal da las frecuencias propias.Modal analysis gives the natural frequencies.
la frecuencia propiathe rate of that vibration when nothing forces itPhraseC2
La frecuencia propia de la pasarela quedó cerca del paso humano.The natural frequency of the footbridge came close to walking pace.
el amortiguamiento estructuralhow quickly that vibration dies away, which in steel is hardly at allPhraseC2
El amortiguamiento estructural es muy bajo en acero.Structural damping is very low in steel.
la acción sísmicathe shaking of the ground, entered into the calculation as a curvePhraseC2
La acción sísmica se representa con un espectro.The seismic action is represented by a spectrum.
el espectro de respuestathat curve, which depends on what the building stands onPhraseC2
El espectro de respuesta depende del tipo de suelo.The response spectrum depends on the soil type.
el estudio geotécnicothe report that says what the ground under it isPhraseC2
El estudio geotécnico decide el tipo de cimentación.The geotechnical report decides the type of foundation.
la cimentación profundathe foundation that reaches past the soft ground to the firm layerPhraseC2
La cimentación profunda lleva la carga al estrato firme.The deep foundation carries the load to the firm stratum.
el asiento diferencialone part of a building sinking more than the part next to itPhraseC2
El asiento diferencial agrieta los tabiques.Differential settlement cracks the partition walls.
el modelo de elementos finitosthe computer model that still has to be checked by handPhraseC2
El modelo de elementos finitos hay que contrastarlo a mano.The finite element model has to be checked by hand.
Noun (m) (1)
el pandeothe sideways collapse of something slender under a straight pushNoun (m)C2
El pandeo limita la carga del pilar esbelto.Buckling limits the load on a slender column.
Noun (f) (1)
la retracciónthe shrinking of concrete as it dries, which cracks it if it cannot moveNoun (f)C2
La retracción fisura la losa si no hay junta.Shrinkage cracks the slab if there is no joint.
This list belongs to Buildings, cities and energy — nine lists and 450 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.