C2 · 55 words
Criminal law and procedure in Portuguese
From the arrest to the sentence, and what has to be proved.
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From these 55 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
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The fifty-fourth entry is a condenação cancelada, and Portuguese describes it by what was done to it: somebody struck it off a register. English describes it by what happened to it on its own, and calls it « a spent conviction ». The adjective is the past participle of « to spend », and it has drifted away from money altogether. Whatever is « spent » has given out everything it had and has nothing left to give: « a spent match », « a spent cartridge », « spent fuel » from a reactor, « a spent battery » in a torch. From objects it moved to people and to causes, and that is where it is heard most often: « a spent force » is a politician or a movement nobody bothers to argue with any more, and somebody who has run to the finish is simply « spent ». The legal term belongs to that family rather than to the language of registers. It says that the conviction has burnt itself out with time, not that a clerk deleted it — and deleting is exactly what cancelada does say.
The words
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Phrase (1)
não culpadonot guiltyPhraseC2
O tribunal declarou o arguido não culpado.The court found the defendant not guilty.
Noun (f) (27)
Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo
a infração penalthe criminal offenceNoun (f)C2
Nem toda a infração penal chega a julgamento.Not every criminal offence reaches a trial.
a intenção criminosathe criminal intentNoun (f)C2
A intenção criminosa tem de ser provada, não presumida.Criminal intent has to be proved and not presumed.
a negligência conscientethe conscious negligenceNoun (f)C2
Ele viu o risco e seguiu em frente: houve negligência consciente.He saw the risk and carried on: there was conscious negligence.
a responsabilidade por facto de outremthe liability for the act of anotherNoun (f)C2
A responsabilidade por facto de outrem alcança a empresa.Liability for the act of another reaches the company.
a legítima defesathe self-defenceNoun (f)C2
O tribunal aceitou a legítima defesa e absolveu o arguido.The court accepted self-defence and acquitted the defendant.
a tentativa de crimethe attempt to commit a crimeNoun (f)C2
A tentativa de crime também é punida.An attempt to commit a crime is punished as well.
a atuação conjuntathe acting in concertNoun (f)C2
A atuação conjunta ficou clara pelas mensagens trocadas.The acting in concert became clear from the messages exchanged.
a ofensa à integridade físicathe offence against bodily integrityNoun (f)C2
A ofensa à integridade física foi descrita no relatório médico.The offence against bodily integrity was described in the medical report.
a recetaçãothe handling of stolen goodsNoun (f)C2
Quem compra o que sabe ser furtado comete recetação.Anyone who buys what he knows to be stolen is handling stolen goods.
a detenção em flagrantethe arrest in the actNoun (f)C2
A detenção em flagrante foi comunicada ao juiz nas horas seguintes.The arrest in the act was reported to the judge within hours.
a leitura dos direitosthe reading of the rightsNoun (f)C2
A leitura dos direitos acontece antes de qualquer pergunta.The reading of the rights happens before any question.
a custódia policialthe police custodyNoun (f)C2
A custódia policial acaba com a apresentação ao juiz.Police custody ends when the person is brought before a judge.
a zona de detençãothe custody areaNoun (f)C2
A zona de detenção é filmada de forma permanente.The custody area is filmed at all times.
a prisão preventivathe remand in custodyNoun (f)C2
A prisão preventiva é decidida por um juiz.Remand in custody is decided by a judge.
a apreensão de bensthe seizure of propertyNoun (f)C2
A apreensão de bens ficou registada no auto.The seizure of property was recorded in the report.
a cadeia de custódia da provathe chain of custody of the evidenceNoun (f)C2
Uma falha na cadeia de custódia da prova deita tudo a perder.A break in the chain of custody of the evidence ruins everything.
a prova não utilizadathe unused materialNoun (f)C2
A prova não utilizada tem de ser mostrada à defesa.Unused material has to be shown to the defence.
a remessa para o tribunal superiorthe committal to the higher courtNoun (f)C2
A remessa para o tribunal superior atrasou o processo em meses.The committal to the higher court delayed the case by months.
a acusação públicathe prosecutionNoun (f)C2
A acusação pública pediu pena efetiva.The prosecution asked for an immediate custodial sentence.
a defesa oficiosathe publicly funded defenceNoun (f)C2
A defesa oficiosa pediu mais tempo para ler os autos.The publicly funded defence asked for more time to read the file.
a confissão em julgamentothe confession in courtNoun (f)C2
A confissão em julgamento encurtou a audiência.The confession in court shortened the hearing.
a dúvida razoávelthe reasonable doubtNoun (f)C2
A dúvida razoável basta para absolver.A reasonable doubt is enough for an acquittal.
a circunstância agravantethe aggravating circumstanceNoun (f)C2
A arma usada foi tida como circunstância agravante.The weapon used was treated as an aggravating circumstance.
a circunstância atenuantethe mitigating circumstanceNoun (f)C2
A idade do arguido foi uma circunstância atenuante.The age of the defendant was a mitigating circumstance.
a pena privativa da liberdadethe custodial sentenceNoun (f)C2
A pena privativa da liberdade começa a contar da detenção.A custodial sentence counts from the arrest.
as regras de condutathe conditions of conductNoun (f)C2
As regras de conduta proíbem o contacto com a vítima.The conditions of conduct forbid any contact with the victim.
a condenação canceladathe spent convictionNoun (f)C2
Uma condenação cancelada deixa de constar do certificado.A spent conviction no longer appears on the certificate.
Noun (m) (27)
Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo
o crime em processo sumáriothe offence tried summarilyNoun (m)C2
O crime em processo sumário é julgado poucos dias depois.An offence tried summarily is heard a few days later.
o crime sujeito a acusação formalthe offence tried on indictmentNoun (m)C2
O crime sujeito a acusação formal segue para o tribunal coletivo.An offence tried on indictment goes to the higher court.
o elemento subjetivo do crimethe mental element of the offenceNoun (m)C2
Sem o elemento subjetivo do crime não há condenação.Without the mental element of the offence there is no conviction.
o elemento objetivo do crimethe physical element of the offenceNoun (m)C2
O elemento objetivo do crime está provado pelas imagens.The physical element of the offence is proved by the footage.
o estado de necessidade desculpantethe excusing state of necessityNoun (m)C2
Quem age sob ameaça grave invoca o estado de necessidade desculpante.Somebody who acts under a grave threat pleads the excusing state of necessity.
o coautorthe joint principalNoun (m)C2
O coautor responde pelo mesmo crime.A joint principal answers for the same offence.
o auxílio ao crimethe aiding of the crimeNoun (m)C2
O auxílio ao crime tem pena mais leve do que a autoria.Aiding the crime carries a lighter penalty than committing it.
o conluio criminosothe criminal conspiracyNoun (m)C2
O conluio criminoso é punível antes de o plano avançar.A criminal conspiracy is punishable before the plan moves on.
o furto com arrombamentothe burglaryNoun (m)C2
O furto com arrombamento deixou a porta destruída.The burglary left the door destroyed.
o crime de roubothe offence of robberyNoun (m)C2
O crime de roubo pressupõe violência ou ameaça.The offence of robbery presupposes force or a threat.
o dano em coisa alheiathe damage to another person’s propertyNoun (m)C2
O dano em coisa alheia foi participado no mesmo dia.The damage to another person’s property was reported the same day.
o branqueamento de capitaisthe money launderingNoun (m)C2
O banco comunicou uma suspeita de branqueamento de capitais.The bank reported a suspicion of money laundering.
o direito ao silênciothe right to silenceNoun (m)C2
O arguido usou o direito ao silêncio durante toda a inquirição.The defendant used the right to silence throughout the questioning.
o defensor oficiosothe duty solicitorNoun (m)C2
O defensor oficioso chegou à esquadra de madrugada.The duty solicitor arrived at the police station before dawn.
o mandado de buscathe search warrantNoun (m)C2
Sem mandado de busca a porta fica fechada.Without a search warrant the door stays shut.
o reconhecimento presencialthe identity paradeNoun (m)C2
O reconhecimento presencial foi feito atrás de um vidro.The identity parade was held behind a screen.
o perito judicialthe expert witnessNoun (m)C2
O perito judicial explicou o exame em palavras simples.The expert witness explained the examination in plain words.
o depoimento indiretothe hearsay evidenceNoun (m)C2
O depoimento indireto vale pouco em julgamento.Hearsay evidence counts for little at trial.
o acesso aos autos antes do julgamentothe access to the case file before trialNoun (m)C2
O acesso aos autos antes do julgamento permite preparar a defesa.Access to the case file before trial makes it possible to prepare a defence.
o despacho de acusaçãothe indictmentNoun (m)C2
O despacho de acusação descreve cada facto imputado.The indictment describes every act charged.
o auto de notíciathe police report opening the caseNoun (m)C2
O auto de notícia foi escrito ainda no local.The police report opening the case was written at the scene.
o acordo sobre a sentençathe agreement on the sentenceNoun (m)C2
O acordo sobre a sentença evitou semanas de julgamento.The agreement on the sentence saved weeks of trial.
o relatório socialthe pre-sentence reportNoun (m)C2
O relatório social descreve a vida do arguido fora do processo.The pre-sentence report describes the life the defendant leads outside the case.
o trabalho a favor da comunidadethe unpaid work for the communityNoun (m)C2
O tribunal substituiu a multa por trabalho a favor da comunidade.The court replaced the fine with unpaid work for the community.
o regime de provathe probation supervisionNoun (m)C2
O regime de prova obriga a encontros regulares com o técnico.Probation supervision requires regular meetings with the officer.
o certificado de registo criminalthe criminal record certificateNoun (m)C2
O certificado de registo criminal é pedido em muitos concursos.The criminal record certificate is asked for in many recruitment procedures.
o recurso da medida da penathe appeal against the sentenceNoun (m)C2
O recurso da medida da pena não discute a culpa.The appeal against the sentence does not dispute guilt.
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This list belongs to Law and contracts — 32 lists and 1 264 words that can also be practised as a whole.