C2 · 40 words
Insolvency law in Portuguese
The application, the estate, the ranking — and what can still be undone.
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From these 40 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list
The eighteenth entry is a percentagem de rateio, and the English word waiting for it is one the reader already owns from a much happier setting. A « dividend » is what a company in good health hands to its shareholders out of its profits. In an insolvency it is also, and without the least irony, the name of what reaches creditors out of an estate that could not pay anybody in full. The liquidator « declares a dividend », creditors « receive a dividend », and the figure is quoted « in the pound », so that a claim of a thousand pounds met at fifteen pence in the pound has drawn a dividend of a hundred and fifty. Nothing in the word says which of the two scenes it belongs to. The split is not a slip but the plain sense holding firm: a dividend is a sum divided among those entitled to it, and whether there was much left to divide is a separate question the word declines to answer. So a percentagem de rateio is the dividend, or the rate of dividend, and « the distribution percentage » — which is what the phrase invites — is not what a notice to creditors will say.
The words
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Phrase (36)
processo de insolvênciainsolvency proceedingsPhraseC2
O processo de insolvência começa com um requerimento no tribunal.The insolvency proceedings begin with an application to the court.
dever de apresentação à insolvênciathe duty to file for insolvencyPhraseC2
O dever de apresentação à insolvência recai sobre a gerência.The duty to file for insolvency falls on the management.
atraso na apresentação à insolvênciathe late filing for insolvencyPhraseC2
O atraso na apresentação à insolvência gera responsabilidade pessoal.Late filing for insolvency gives rise to personal liability.
administrador da insolvênciathe insolvency practitionerPhraseC2
O administrador da insolvência toma conta do património.The insolvency practitioner takes charge of the assets.
administrador judicial provisóriothe provisional administratorPhraseC2
O tribunal nomeou um administrador judicial provisório.The court appointed a provisional administrator.
massa insolventethe insolvent estatePhraseC2
A massa insolvente inclui tudo o que é penhorável.The insolvent estate includes everything that can be seized.
dívida da massa insolventethe debt of the estatePhraseC2
A dívida da massa insolvente é paga antes das outras.The debt of the estate is paid before the others.
insuficiência da massathe insufficiency of the estatePhraseC2
Com a insuficiência da massa o processo encerra cedo.Where the estate is insufficient the proceedings close early.
reclamação de créditosthe proof of debtPhraseC2
A reclamação de créditos tem um prazo curto e certo.The proof of debt has a short and fixed deadline.
lista de credores reconhecidosthe list of admitted creditorsPhraseC2
O nome do fornecedor consta da lista de credores reconhecidos.The supplier’s name appears on the list of admitted creditors.
verificação de créditosthe hearing to verify the claimsPhraseC2
A verificação de créditos decorre perante o juiz.The hearing to verify the claims takes place before the judge.
credor comumthe unsecured creditorPhraseC2
O credor comum só recebe no fim, se sobrar.The unsecured creditor is paid only at the end, if anything is left.
credor garantidothe secured creditorPhraseC2
O credor garantido cobra sobre o bem hipotecado.The secured creditor is paid out of the mortgaged asset.
direito de separação de bensthe right to reclaim one’s own goodsPhraseC2
O direito de separação de bens retira a máquina da massa.The right to reclaim one’s own goods takes the machine out of the estate.
crédito subordinadothe subordinated claimPhraseC2
O crédito subordinado do sócio fica para o fim.The partner’s subordinated claim is left until last.
percentagem de rateiothe dividend paid to creditorsPhraseC2
A percentagem de rateio ficou muito abaixo do esperado.The dividend paid to creditors fell well below what had been expected.
resolução em benefício da massathe setting aside of a transactionPhraseC2
A resolução em benefício da massa desfaz a venda anterior.The setting aside of a transaction undoes the earlier sale.
período suspeitothe suspect periodPhraseC2
O pagamento caiu dentro do período suspeito.The payment fell inside the suspect period.
intenção de prejudicar os credoresthe intention to harm the creditorsPhraseC2
A intenção de prejudicar os credores tem de ser provada.The intention to harm the creditors has to be proved.
negócio a pronto pagamentothe cash transactionPhraseC2
O negócio a pronto pagamento escapa à resolução.The cash transaction escapes being set aside.
suspensão das execuçõesthe stay of enforcementPhraseC2
A suspensão das execuções trava as penhoras em curso.The stay of enforcement halts the seizures already under way.
comissão de credoresthe creditors’ committeePhraseC2
A comissão de credores acompanha o trabalho do administrador.The creditors’ committee follows the work of the office-holder.
assembleia de credoresthe creditors’ meetingPhraseC2
A assembleia de credores decide o destino da empresa.The creditors’ meeting decides the future of the company.
plano de insolvênciathe insolvency planPhraseC2
O plano de insolvência prevê um perdão parcial das dívidas.The insolvency plan provides for a partial write-off of the debts.
administração pelo devedorthe debtor in possessionPhraseC2
A administração pelo devedor mantém a gerência no lugar.Leaving the debtor in possession keeps the management in place.
administrador com funções de fiscalizaçãothe supervisorPhraseC2
O administrador com funções de fiscalização assina os pagamentos maiores.The supervisor countersigns the larger payments.
venda da empresa em funcionamentothe sale of the business as a going concernPhraseC2
A venda da empresa em funcionamento salva os postos de trabalho.The sale of the business as a going concern saves the jobs.
exoneração do passivo restantethe discharge of the remaining debtsPhraseC2
A exoneração do passivo restante chega no fim do período de cessão.The discharge of the remaining debts comes at the end of the assignment period.
rendimento impenhorávelthe income that cannot be seizedPhraseC2
O rendimento impenhorável garante o mínimo para viver.The income that cannot be seized guarantees the minimum needed to live.
fiduciário do período de cessãothe trustee for the assignment periodPhraseC2
O fiduciário do período de cessão recebe a parte cedida do salário.The trustee for the assignment period receives the assigned share of the wages.
reserva de propriedadethe retention of titlePhraseC2
A reserva de propriedade só vale se estiver escrita no contrato.Retention of title is valid only if it is written into the contract.
compensação de créditos na insolvênciathe set-off of claims in insolvencyPhraseC2
A compensação de créditos na insolvência tem limites apertados.The set-off of claims in insolvency is tightly limited.
contrato de execução continuadathe contract of continuing performancePhraseC2
O contrato de execução continuada não termina sozinho.A contract of continuing performance does not come to an end by itself.
opção pelo cumprimento do contratothe election to perform the contractPhraseC2
A opção pelo cumprimento do contrato obriga a massa a pagar.The election to perform the contract obliges the estate to pay.
rateio finalthe final distributionPhraseC2
O rateio final encerra o processo.The final distribution closes the proceedings.
aprovação das contas do administradorthe approval of the office-holder’s accountsPhraseC2
A aprovação das contas do administrador vem mesmo no fim.The approval of the office-holder’s accounts comes right at the end.
Noun (f) (3)
Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo
a cessação de pagamentosthe cessation of paymentsNoun (f)C2
A cessação de pagamentos obriga a gerência a agir depressa.The cessation of payments obliges the management to act quickly.
a situação líquida negativanegative net assetsNoun (f)C2
A situação líquida negativa aparece logo no balanço.Negative net assets show up straight away in the balance sheet.
a homologação forçada do planothe cram-down of the planNoun (f)C2
A homologação forçada do plano passa por cima da oposição de um grupo.The cram-down of the plan overrides the opposition of one class.
Noun (m) (1)
Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo
o favorecimento de credoresthe preferring of one creditorNoun (m)C2
O favorecimento de credores pode ser desfeito mais tarde.The preferring of one creditor can be undone later.
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This list belongs to Law and contracts — 32 lists and 1 264 words that can also be practised as a whole.