B1 · 35 words
Festivals and celebrations in Polish
Christmas Eve and Easter, New Year’s Eve and Fat Thursday, weddings and anniversaries, good wishes, cakes and fireworks.
Practise this list
From these 35 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list
The big feasts take a capital (Wigilia, Boże Narodzenie, Wielkanoc, Nowy Rok), the smaller days of the year a small letter (andrzejki, mikołajki, sylwester, tłusty czwartek). “For Christmas, for Easter” is na with the accusative: na Boże Narodzenie, na Wielkanoc; “on the day” is w: w Wigilię, w Nowy Rok. Many celebrations are plural-only words — urodziny, imieniny, andrzejki — and the verb is then plural too: Imieniny były wczoraj.
The words
Verb (3)
życzyćto wishVerbB1
imperfective, no partner. życzę, życzysz; to whom: dative, what: genitive.
obchodzićto celebrate, to markVerbB1
imperfective, no partner in the sense “celebrate”. obchodzę, obchodzisz. Also “to concern”: To mnie nie obchodzi. “I don’t care.”
świętowaćto celebrateVerbB1
imperfective, no partner. świętuję, świętujesz.
Noun (4)
mikołajkiSt Nicholas’ DayNounB1
Plural only, lower case.
andrzejkiSt Andrew’s EveNounB1
Plural only, lower case; the evening before 30 November, a game of pouring wax.
życzeniagood wishes, greetingsNounB1
Plural “good wishes”; singular życzenie “a wish”.
fajerwerkifireworksNounB1
Mostly plural.
Adjective (1)
świątecznyfestive, holiday, ChristmasAdjectiveB1
Phrase (1)
składać życzeniato wish (somebody) well, to congratulatePhraseB1
To whom: dative; perfective złożyć życzenia. On the occasion of: z okazji + genitive.
Noun (f) (10)
WigiliaChristmas EveNoun (f)B1
“On Christmas Eve”: w Wigilię. The supper is kolacja wigilijna; the main celebration in Poland.
WielkanocEasterNoun (f)B1
Genitive Wielkanocy; the adjective is wielkanocny.
choinkaChristmas treeNoun (f)B1
“To decorate” here is ubierać, the same as “to dress”.
kolęda(Christmas) carolNoun (f)B1
pisankadecorated Easter eggNoun (f)B1
panna młodabrideNoun (f)B1
świeczkacandleNoun (f)B1
Bigger and more solemn: świeca.
uroczystośćceremony, celebrationNoun (f)B1
rocznicaanniversaryNoun (f)B1
ozdobadecoration, ornamentNoun (f)B1
Noun (n) (3)
Boże NarodzenieChristmasNoun (n)B1
Genitive Bożego Narodzenia. In daily speech often just święta: na święta.
Wszystkich ŚwiętychAll Saints’ DayNoun (n)B1
Unchanging; the first of November, a day off.
weselewedding receptionNoun (n)B1
The party; the ceremony is ślub. With na: na weselu.
Noun (m) (13)
opłatekChristmas waferNoun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate; the e drops: opłatka. A thin wafer from which everyone breaks a piece of everyone else’s on Christmas Eve.
karpcarpNoun (m)B1
masculine, animate: accusative karpia, plural karpie.
makowiecpoppy-seed cakeNoun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate; the e drops: makowca.
śmigus-dyngusEaster Monday (water-splashing day)Noun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate. The day people splash each other with water; also lany poniedziałek.
sylwesterNew Year’s Eve (party)Noun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate, but with an accusative in -a: na sylwestra. Lower case; the first name has a capital.
Nowy RokNew Year’s DayNoun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate; the first of January.
tłusty czwartekFat ThursdayNoun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate; the last Thursday before Lent, lower case.
zniczgrave candleNoun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate; genitive plural zniczy.
cmentarzcemeteryNoun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate; with na: na cmentarzu.
ślubwedding (ceremony)Noun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate; “to get married”: brać ślub.
pan młody(bride)groomNoun (m)B1
masculine personal; the couple: państwo młodzi or para młoda.
tortgateau, (celebration) cakeNoun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate. A layered cake for an occasion; an everyday cake is ciasto.
toasttoast (drink)Noun (m)B1
masculine, inanimate; “to raise a toast”: wznieść toast. Toasted bread is grzanka.
This list belongs to Everyday Poland — three lists and 105 words that can also be practised as a whole.