B1 · 40 words
Two registers: everyday and formal
The formal Sanskrit-based word beside the everyday one you already know.
Hindi often has two words for one thing. The everyday one, very often from Persian or Arabic, is what people say: मदद, ज़रूरी, फ़ैसला. The formal one, built from Sanskrit, is what stands on notices, in forms, in the news and in schoolbooks: सहायता, आवश्यक, निर्णय. Both are correct Hindi. Each word below is the formal one; the note names its everyday partner, and the example sentence shows the kind of place you will meet it — which is also why they sound official. In your own speech the everyday word is almost always the natural choice.
The words
Adjective (5)
आवश्यकnecessary (formal)AdjectiveB1
Everyday: ज़रूरी, from Arabic through Persian.
संभवpossible (formal)AdjectiveB1
Everyday: मुमकिन, from Arabic; the opposite is असंभव.
प्रसिद्धfamous (formal)AdjectiveB1
Everyday: मशहूर, from Arabic.
स्पष्टclear; explicit (formal)AdjectiveB1
Everyday: साफ़, from Arabic.
उचितproper; appropriate (formal)AdjectiveB1
Everyday: ठीक or सही.
Adverb (1)
वास्तव मेंin fact; in reality (formal)AdverbB1
Everyday: दरअसल or सचमुच.
Conjunction (1)
अन्यथाotherwise (formal)ConjunctionB1
Everyday: वरना, from Persian.
Noun (f) (7)
सहायताhelp; assistance (formal)Noun (f)B1
Everyday: मदद, from Arabic.
आशाhope (formal)Noun (f)B1
Everyday: उम्मीद, from Persian.
इच्छाwish; desire (formal)Noun (f)B1
Everyday: ख़्वाहिश (from Persian) or मर्ज़ी (from Arabic).
मृत्युdeath (formal)Noun (f)B1
Everyday: मौत, from Arabic.
सफलताsuccess (formal)Noun (f)B1
Everyday: कामयाबी, from Persian.
आपत्तिobjection (formal)Noun (f)B1
Everyday: एतराज़, from Arabic.
हानिharm; loss (formal)Noun (f)B1
Everyday: नुक़सान, from Arabic.
Noun (m) (26)
प्रयासeffort; attempt (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: कोशिश, from Persian.
प्रश्नquestion (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: सवाल, from Arabic.
कारणreason; cause (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: वजह, from Arabic; के कारण and की वजह से both mean “because of”.
विश्वासtrust; faith; belief (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: भरोसा, or यक़ीन from Arabic.
उद्देश्यaim; objective (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: मक़सद, from Arabic.
परिणामresult; consequence (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: नतीजा, from Arabic.
प्रभावeffect; influence (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: असर, from Arabic.
अवसरopportunity; occasion (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: मौक़ा, from Arabic.
युद्धwar (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: जंग, from Persian, or लड़ाई.
अंतरdifference (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: फ़र्क़, from Arabic.
स्वास्थ्यhealth (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: सेहत, from Arabic.
व्यायामexercise (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: कसरत, from Arabic.
धैर्यpatience (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: सब्र, from Arabic.
सम्मानrespect; honour (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: इज़्ज़त, from Arabic.
अधिकारright; authority (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: हक़, from Arabic.
कर्तव्यduty (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: फ़र्ज़, from Arabic.
निर्णयdecision; ruling (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: फ़ैसला, from Arabic.
दृष्टिकोणpoint of view; approach (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: नज़रिया, from Arabic.
वेतनsalary; pay (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: तनख़्वाह, from Persian; note the genders differ.
हस्ताक्षरsignature (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: दस्तख़त, from Persian.
निमंत्रणinvitation (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: न्योता, the inherited Hindi form of the same Sanskrit word.
समाचारnews (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: ख़बर, from Arabic.
पत्रletter (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: चिट्ठी.
लाभbenefit; profit (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: फ़ायदा, from Arabic.
परिवर्तनchange (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: बदलाव.
उपयोगuse (formal)Noun (m)B1
Everyday: इस्तेमाल, from Arabic.
This list belongs to India: festivals, society and two registers — three lists and 108 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
In rounds of 20 from these 40 words: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.