The 1000 most useful Turkish words
In order, each with its English meaning, part of speech, level and an example sentence in which it really occurs. How many you want to see is set below — from 50 to 2000. Practice happens on the list pages.
What “most useful” means here
The order is calculated, not asserted. What is counted is how often a word occurs in the target-language sentences on this site — in every example sentence, every grammar rule, every reading text. That shows, for each word, how much of this material it unlocks. The same calculation is set out in full on Where do you start?, together with the curve where it flattens out.
It says nothing about Turkish as a whole and everything about the path someone takes here. A word that does not appear in a single sentence on this site is therefore not included: it may be a good word, but here it unlocks nothing.
What this list is not: not a frequency list from a corpus, not taken from a textbook and not an official word list for an exam. If you want to go beyond the 2000: all the word lists are right there.
1000 words.
gelmekto comeVerbA1
Where from: ablative (-den); where to: dative (bize gel). Aorist gelir.
evhouse, flat, homeNounA1
“At home” evde, “home” (going there) eve.
olmakto be, to becomeVerbA1
“To become” with no ending on the noun: doktor olmak. Aorist olur.
etmekto do (with a noun)VerbA1
Almost only after a noun: telefon etmek (to whom: dative), yardım etmek. Before a vowel ed-: ediyor.
yemekto eatVerbA1
A definite object takes the accusative. Before -iyor and y the e becomes i: yiyorum, yiyecek. As a noun the same word means “food, meal”.
yemekfood, dish, mealNounA1
The same word is the verb “to eat”. “To cook”: yemek yapmak, “to make food”.
gitmekto goVerbA1
Where to: dative, okula gitmek. The t becomes d before a vowel: gidiyorum.
almakto take, to buy, to getVerbA1
A definite object takes the accusative; from whom or where: ablative. Aorist alır.
gündayNounA1
yapmakto do, to makeVerbA1
A definite object takes the accusative: ödevi yapmak.
saatclock, hour, timeNounA1
A loanword with front-vowel endings: saati, saatte, not saatı.
akşamevening; in the eveningNounA1
çocukchildNounA1
The k softens to ğ: çocuğu, çocuğum.
ikitwoNumeralA1
No plural after a number: iki bilet, not iki biletler.
yeninewAdjectiveA1
annemotherNounA1
işwork, job; matterNounA1
“To work” (going there) işe, “at work” işte.
yarıntomorrowAdverbA1
sabahmorning; in the morningNounA1
vermekto giveVerbA1
To whom: dative; what: accusative, kitabı Ali'ye verdim. Aorist verir.
bugüntodayAdverbA1
çalışmakto work; to studyVerbA1
Where: locative. To study for something: dative, sınava çalışmak.
otobüsbusNounA1
çıkmakto go out; to go upVerbA1
Out of what: ablative, evden çıkmak; up onto: dative, dağa çıkmak.
iyigoodAdjectiveA1
haftaweekNounA1
güzelbeautiful, nice; tastyAdjectiveA1
Also for food: yemek çok güzel “the food is really good”.
içmekto drinkVerbA1
Also for soup and tablets; “to smoke” is sigara içmek, literally “to drink a cigarette”.
arabacarNounA1
istemekto want, would likeVerbA1
A definite object takes the accusative; “to want to do”: with the infinitive, gitmek istiyorum.
çayteaNounA1
suwaterNounA1
A y before the ending: suyu, suyum, suyun.
yılyearNounA1
Same meaning: sene.
kalmakto stay; to be leftVerbA1
Where: locative. Aorist kalır.
telefontelephone, mobile phoneNounA1
“To phone”: telefon etmek with the dative.
aymonthNounA1
The same word also means “moon”.
gecenight; at nightNounA1
büyükbig, largeAdjectiveA1
Softens: büyüğü.
kitapbookNounA1
Softens: kitabı, kitabım.
yazmakto writeVerbA1
To whom: dative; what: accusative.
üçthreeNumeralA1
dünyesterdayAdverbA1
komşuneighbourNounA1
kapıdoorNounA1
sonend; lastNounA2
As an adjective “last”: son otobüs; “in the end”: sonunda.
başlamakto begin, to startVerbA1
What you start: dative, işe başlamak, derse başlamak.
küçüksmall, little; youngerAdjectiveA1
Softens: küçüğü.
babafatherNounA1
okulschoolNounA1
ontenNumeralA1
Compounds need no “-teen”: on bir “eleven”, on iki “twelve”.
görmekto seeVerbA1
Accusative: seni gördüm. Aorist görür.
oturmakto sit; to live (somewhere)VerbA1
Where: locative. To sit down on: dative, sandalyeye oturmak.
bahçegardenNounA1
kahvecoffeeNounA1
havaweather; airNounA1
masatableNounA1
TürkçeTurkish (language)NounA1
Capitalised, but the ending takes no apostrophe: Türkçeyi.
bütünwhole; allAdjectiveB1
Before a singular noun “whole”, before a plural “all”: bütün öğrenciler.
eskiold (things); formerAdjectiveA1
Only for things; an old person is yaşlı.
geçlateAdverbA1
“To be late”: geç kalmak, literally “to stay late”.
kardeşbrother or sister, siblingNounA1
Leaves open which; more precisely erkek kardeş, kız kardeş.
kızgirl; daughterNounA1
beklemekto wait (for), to expectVerbA1
Accusative, with no “for”: seni bekliyorum.
okumakto read; to studyVerbA1
A definite object takes the accusative: bu kitabı okudum. “To study at university”: üniversitede okumak.
paramoneyNounA1
bakmakto look (at); to look afterVerbA1
Dative, not accusative: bana bak “look at me”. “To look after” too: çocuğa bakmak.
odaroomNounA1
sevmekto love, to likeVerbA1
Accusative: seni seviyorum. “To like doing”: yüzmeyi seviyorum.
söylemekto say, to tellVerbA1
To whom: dative; what: accusative.
dedegrandfather, grandpaNounA1
doktordoctorNounA1
şehircity, townNounA1
The second vowel drops before a vowel ending: şehri, şehre.
tatilholiday, vacationNounA1
arkadaşfriendNounA1
Friendship, not a relationship; a boyfriend or girlfriend is sevgili.
filmfilmNounA1
pazarSundayNounA1
The same word also means “market”.
toplantımeetingNounA2
unutmakto forgetVerbA1
Accusative: adını unuttum “I have forgotten his name”.
yağmurrainNounA1
çantabagNounA1
aramakto look for; to call (phone)VerbA1
Accusative: seni arıyorum means “I am looking for you” or “I am calling you”.
açmakto open; to switch onVerbA1
Accusative: kapıyı açmak, ışığı açmak “switch on the light”.
demekto say; to meanVerbA1
Before -iyor and y the e becomes i: diyor, diyecek. To whom: dative, ona ne dedin?
yardımhelpNounA2
“Help!”: İmdat!; “to help”: yardım etmek with the dative.
zamantimeNounA1
Same meaning: vakit (vaktim yok).
beşfiveNumeralA1
bilmekto know (a fact), to be able toVerbA1
Accusative: adresi biliyorum. Aorist bilir. To know a person is tanımak.
sürmekto drive; to lastVerbA2
Accusative: arabayı sürmek. Without an object “to last”: iki saat sürüyor. Aorist sürer.
ekmekbreadNounA1
Softens: ekmeği. It ends in -mek but is not a verb.
yolway, roadNounA1
ödemekto payVerbA1
What: accusative; with what: ile, kartla ödemek.
kahvaltıbreakfastNounA1
“To have breakfast”: kahvaltı yapmak.
kalkmakto get up; to leave (vehicle)VerbA1
Out of what: ablative, yataktan kalkmak. A train or bus “departs”: tren kalkıyor.
uzunlong; tall (person)AdjectiveA1
yağmakto fall (rain, snow)VerbA1
No object; the rain or snow is the subject: kar yağıyor “it is snowing”.
habernewsNounA2
The news on TV: haberler.
hastaill, sick; patientAdjectiveA1
hesapbill; accountNounA2
Softens: hesabı. A bill for electricity or the phone is fatura.
trentrainNounA1
öğrencipupil, studentNounA1
anahtarkeyNounA1
bitmekto end, to run outVerbA1
No object: film bitti. “To finish something” is bitirmek with the accusative.
elhandNounA1
geçmekto pass, to go past; to pass (an exam)VerbA2
Past what: ablative; to pass an exam: accusative, sınavı geçtim. Aorist geçer.
koymakto putVerbA1
Where to: dative, not locative — masaya koymak, “onto the table”.
dönmekto return; to turnVerbA1
Where to: dative, eve dönmek, sağa dönmek “turn right”.
geçenlast, pastAdjectiveA2
Before a time word with no ending: geçen yıl “last year”, geçen ay.
çorbasoupNounA1
Soup is “drunk”: çorba içmek.
kedicatNounA1
konuşmakto speak, to talkVerbA1
With whom: ile, annemle. A language with no ending: Türkçe konuşmak.
parkparkNounA1
uyumakto sleepVerbA1
No object; where: locative. Aorist uyur.
yaşamakto liveVerbA1
Where: locative.
öğretmenteacherNounA1
sekizeightNumeralA1
sıcakwarm, hotAdjectiveA1
Also for food and drink: sıcak çay. Softens: sıcağı.
yüzhundredNumeralA1
No bir in front; iki yüz “two hundred”. The same word also means “face”.
yüzfaceNounA1
The same word is the number “hundred”.
hemenimmediately, right awayAdverbA1
kışwinterNounA1
lazımnecessary, neededAdjectiveB1
The person who needs it is in the dative: bana lazım. “Must”: gitmem lazım.
öğrenmekto learn; to find outVerbA1
A language with no ending; something definite in the accusative: haberi öğrendim “I found out the news”.
bulmakto findVerbA1
Accusative. Aorist bulur.
dakikaminuteNounA1
etmeatNounA1
One syllable, no softening: eti.
konutopic, subjectNounA2
otelhotelNounA1
detoo, alsoParticleA1
Written separately and harmonised: after a back vowel da (onlar da), never with t.
fiyatpriceNounA2
girmekto enter, to go inVerbA1
Where to: dative, odaya girmek — not “enter the room” with an object as in English.
oynamakto playVerbA1
The game with no ending: futbol oynamak; with whom: ile.
sokakstreet, laneNounA1
Softens: sokağı. A main road is cadde.
yedisevenNumeralA1
çalmakto play (an instrument); to ring; to stealVerbA2
An instrument is played with çalmak, not oynamak: piyano çalmak. Aorist çalar.
şirketcompany, firmNounA2
adname, first nameNounA1
“What is your name?” adın ne?; politely adınız ne?. Same meaning: isim.
ailefamilyNounA1
bankabankNounA1
başheadNounA1
Also “beginning”: yolun başı. Colloquially also kafa.
dinlemekto listen (to)VerbA1
Accusative, with no “to”: beni dinle “listen to me”.
izlemekto watch; to followVerbA2
Accusative: filmi izledim. Also for TV: televizyon izlemek.
kapatmakto close; to switch offVerbA1
Accusative: kapıyı kapatmak.
mutfakkitchenNounA1
Softens: mutfağı.
olarakasPostpositionA2
After a noun with no ending: hediye olarak “as a present”; after an adjective it makes an adverb: genel olarak “in general”.
birliktetogetherAdverbA1
duymakto hearVerbA2
Accusative: seni duyamıyorum “I cannot hear you”. To listen on purpose: dinlemek. Aorist duyar.
erkenearlyAdverbA1
liraliraNounA2
pencerewindowNounA1
sonundaat last, finally; in the endAdverbA2
yaşage, year of ageNounA1
“… years old” with yaşında: otuz yaşındayım, literally “I am in my thirty age”.
anlamakto understandVerbA1
Accusative: seni anlıyorum.
gerekmekto be necessaryVerbB1
For whom: dative, bana para gerekiyor “I need money”. “Must”: gitmem gerekiyor “I have to go”.
altısixNumeralA1
dokuznineNumeralA1
doğueastNounA2
getirmekto bringVerbA1
To whom: dative; what: accusative.
gülmekto laugh, to smileVerbA1
At what: dative, şakaya gülmek.
ilkfirst; at firstAdjectiveA2
“For the first time”: ilk defa or ilk kez.
köyvillageNounA1
sormakto askVerbA1
The person asked is dative, the thing asked accusative: öğretmene soruyu sordum — literally “I asked the question to the teacher”.
yorguntiredAdjectiveA1
açıklight (colour); openAdjectiveA1
Also “open”: market açık. The opposite of light is koyu, of open kapalı.
fotoğrafphotoNounA1
“To take a photo”: fotoğraf çekmek, literally “to pull a photo”.
soğukcoldAdjectiveA1
Softens: soğuğu.
yarımhalf (without a number)NounA1
On its own before a noun: yarım saat “half an hour”; after a number it is buçuk.
yavaşslowAdjectiveA1
yüzündenbecause of (usually something bad)PostpositionA2
Noun with no ending, pronoun in the genitive: senin yüzünden “because of you”. Neutral: -den dolayı.
yıkamakto washVerbA1
Accusative: elleri yıkamak. “To wash oneself” is yıkanmak.
çekmekto pull; to have a signal; to take (a photo)VerbA2
With an object “to pull”: kapıyı çek; “to take a photo”: fotoğraf çekmek. Aorist çeker.
balıkfishNounA1
Softens: balığı.
bardakglass, cupNounA1
Softens: bardağı. In Turkey tea is drunk from a small glass.
garsonwaiter, waitressNounA1
Not the French “boy”: in Turkish it is simply the job.
geleceknext, comingAdjectiveA2
Also önümüzdeki hafta “next week”. As a noun: “future”.
göndermekto sendVerbA2
What: accusative; to whom: dative.
karsnowNounA1
katfloor, storeyNounA1
One syllable, no softening: katı.
kirarentNounA2
marketsupermarket, shopNounA1
yazsummerNounA1
“In summer” is yazın, as kışın is “in winter”.
biletticketNounA1
No softening: bileti.
denizseaNounA1
herkeseverybodyPronounA1
The verb is singular, as in English: herkes geldi.
hızlıfast, quickAdjectiveA1
ilaçmedicineNounA1
Softens: ilacı. Tablets are “drunk”: ilaç içmek.
taşımakto carry, to transportVerbA2
Accusative; where to: dative.
TürkTurk; TurkishNounA1
No apostrophe: Türküm. The language is Türkçe.
yakınnear, closeAdjectiveA1
Near to something: dative, eve yakın.
öğlemidday, noonNounA2
“At midday”: öğlen or öğleyin.
ağrımakto hurt, to acheVerbA1
No object; the body part is the subject and carries the ending for “my”: başım ağrıyor.
bebekbabyNounA1
Softens: bebeği.
cumartesiSaturdayNounA1
giymekto put on, to wear (clothes)VerbA1
A particular item in the accusative: ceketi giymek.
güneşsunNounA1
kadınwomanNounA1
karardecisionNounB1
A decision is “given”: karar vermek.
kilokiloNounA2
Singular after the number: iki kilo, never iki kilolar.
lokantarestaurantNounA1
mektupletterNounB1
Softens: mektubu.
pahalıexpensiveAdjectiveA1
yüksekhigh; loud (voice)AdjectiveA2
zordifficult, hardAdjectiveA1
AlmanyaGermanyNounA1
balkonbalconyNounA1
bayramfestival, holidayNounB1
For religious and national holidays alike. The greeting: İyi bayramlar!
belgedocument, certificateNounB1
bırakmakto leave, to put down; to give upVerbA2
What: accusative; where: dative. “To give up smoking”: sigarayı bırakmak.
kullanmakto use; to drive (a car)VerbA2
Accusative. “To drive”: araba kullanmak, “to use a car”.
peynircheeseNounA1
beyaz peynir is the white cheese kept in brine, a little like feta.
sağrightNounA1
Where to: sağa, where: sağda. The same word also means “alive, healthy” — hence sağ ol “thanks”.
soruquestionNounA1
“To ask a question”: soru sormak.
tutmakto hold; to keep; to support (a team)VerbA2
Accusative. Also “to be a fan of”: Hangi takımı tutuyorsun? Aorist tutar.
yürümekto walkVerbA1
Where to: dative, eve yürümek.
ışıklightNounA1
Begins with dotless ı; the capital is Işık. Softens: ışığı.
adammanNounA1
araspace between; betweenNounA2
Two things joined with ile: A ile B'nin arasında. Also of time: ikiyle üç arası “between two and three”.
ağaçtreeNounA1
Softens: ağacı.
binabuildingNounB1
derslesson, class; subjectNounA2
“To study, to do homework”: ders çalışmak.
dikkatattention, careNounB1
As a warning: Dikkat! “Careful!”; to pay attention: dikkat etmek.
diştoothNounA1
düşmekto fallVerbA2
Off what: ablative; onto what: dative, yere düştü. Aorist düşer.
göstermekto showVerbA2
What: accusative; to whom: dative.
ikincisecondNumeralA2
incethin, slimAdjectiveA1
insanhuman being, personNounA1
No plural after çok: çok insan.
içinside; inNounA2
One syllable, the ç stays: içinde. For “in” the locative is usually enough (çantada); içinde stresses “inside”.
kapalıclosed, shutAdjectiveA1
mesajmessage, textNounA2
“To send a message”, colloquially: mesaj atmak, “to throw a message”.
sınavexam, testNounA2
The subject in the ablative: Türkçeden sınav. “To pass”: sınavı geçmek.
tanımakto know (a person)VerbA1
Accusative: onu tanıyorum. For facts, bilmek.
yerplace, seat; floor, groundNounA2
“On(to) the floor”: yere; “somewhere”: bir yerde; “everywhere”: her yerde.
yirmitwentyNumeralA1
ablaolder sisterNounA1
Also a friendly way to address a woman a little older than you.
atmakto throw; to throw awayVerbA2
What: accusative; where to: dative. The t stays: atıyor. Aorist atar.
ayakkabıshoeNounA1
Already carries the ending -ı: “my shoes” is ayakkabılarım.
binmekto get on, to rideVerbA1
Dative, never accusative: otobüse binmek, bisiklete binmek.
daireflat, apartmentNounA1
domatestomatoNounA1
düğünwedding, wedding partyNounB1
The celebration; the ceremony itself is nikâh.
fazlamore; too muchAdjectiveB1
“More than” with the ablative: yüz liradan fazla; before an adjective “too”: fazla sıcak.
kesmekto cutVerbA2
Accusative; with what: -le, bıçakla kesmek. Aorist keser.
kimsenobody; anybody (in questions)PronounA2
With a negative verb or yok; in a question “anybody”: Kimse aradı mı?
kişipersonNounA1
köpekdogNounA1
Softens: köpeği.
merdivenstairs; ladderNounA1
müzikmusicNounA1
Softens: müziği.
tatlıdessert, something sweetNounA1
As an adjective “sweet”: tatlı bir çay.
teşekkür ederimthank youPhraseA1
What for: with için or in the dative: yardımınıza teşekkür ederim.
yatmakto lie down, to go to bedVerbA1
Where to: dative, yatağa yatmak. Aorist yatar.
ateştemperature, fever; fireNounA1
bisikletbicycleNounA1
doğmakto be born; to rise (sun)VerbA2
Where: locative. In Turkish it is active: doğdum “I was born”, literally “I came into being”. Aorist doğar.
dışarıout, outsideAdverbA2
“Out” (direction): dışarı; “outside” (place): dışarıda.
eklemekto addVerbB1
What: accusative; to what: dative.
faturabill, invoice (electricity, phone …)NounA2
The bill in a restaurant is hesap.
formformNounB1
internetinternetNounA2
izinleave (from work); permissionNounA2
The second vowel drops before a vowel ending: iznim, izni. A holiday trip is tatil.
kaçmakto run away, to escapeVerbB1
From where, from whom: ablative. Aorist kaçar.
misafirguestNounA1
numaranumber; shoe sizeNounA1
pazartesiMondayNounA1
No “on” needed: pazartesi or pazartesi günü. Small letter, unlike English.
selfloodNounB1
sessound, noise; voiceNounB1
ses yapmak “to make a noise”; sesi kısmak “to turn it down”.
sözleşmecontractNounB1
iş sözleşmesi “employment contract”, kira sözleşmesi “tenancy agreement”.
teksingle, only; odd (number)AdjectiveB1
Also “odd”: tek sayı “odd number”.
özür dilemekto apologiseVerbB1
To whom: ablative. The fixed phrase: özür dilerim.
şeythingNounA1
aynısameAdjectiveA2
bilgisayarcomputerNounA2
A machine does “not work”: çalışmıyor, the same verb as for people.
birisomebodyPronounA1
dolapcupboard, wardrobeNounA1
Softens: dolabı.
durakstop (bus, tram)NounA1
Softens: durağı.
durmakto stop; to standVerbA2
No object. Aorist durur. “Stop!”: Dur!
dörtfourNumeralA1
Softens before a vowel ending: dördü; before a consonant the t stays: saat dörtte.
eczanechemist’s, pharmacyNounA1
gazetenewspaperNounB1
hanımMrs, Ms (after the first name)NounA1
Comes after the first name, not the surname, and is then capitalised: Ayşe Hanım.
hiçbir şeynothingPronounA1
With a negative verb — the double negative is correct in Turkish.
kontrolcheck-up, follow-upNounB1
kutubox, carton, tinNounA2
kırmakto break; to hurt (feelings)VerbA2
Accusative. To get broken by itself: kırılmak. Aorist kırar.
maçmatch, gameNounA2
One syllable, no softening: maçı, maça.
müdürhead teacher; manager, directorNounA2
ofisofficeNounA2
paketparcel, packageNounB1
Does not soften: paketi.
pilavrice (cooked)NounA1
Uncooked rice is pirinç.
sinemacinemaNounA1
sütmilkNounA1
One syllable, no softening: sütü.
taksitaxiNounA1
tuzsaltNounA1
TürkiyeTurkeyNounA1
yarıhalfNounA2
As a noun with a possessive; “half” before a noun: yarım.
çiçekflowerNounA1
Softens: çiçeği.
artmakto rise, to increaseVerbB1
No object; “to raise” is artırmak. Aorist artar.
banyobathroomNounA1
buluşmakto meet (up)VerbA2
With whom: -le, not the accusative: arkadaşımla buluştum.
cevapanswerNounA1
Softens: cevabı. Same meaning: yanıt.
cumaFridayNounA1
cüzdanwallet, purseNounA2
duvarwallNounA1
e-postaemailNounA2
elmaappleNounA1
geriback, backwardsAdverbA2
With verbs: geri vermek “to give back”, geri dönmek “to come back”.
iştethere, look; you seeParticleA1
Not to be confused with işte “at work” (iş with the locative).
kafecaféNounA2
kapanmakto close (shop, door)VerbA2
No object: the shop closes. To close something is kapatmak.
kartcard (greetings card)NounB1
Does not soften: kartı. Also a bank card: banka kartı.
koşmakto run, to jogVerbA2
Where to: dative. Aorist koşar.
mahalleneighbourhood, quarterNounB1
The neighbourhood as a community, often with its own elected headman (muhtar).
merkezcentreNounA1
mutluhappyAdjectiveA1
oğulsonNounA1
The second vowel drops before a vowel ending: oğlum, oğlu.
pasaportpassportNounA2
renkcolourNounA1
Softens although it has one syllable: rengi.
salatasaladNounA1
sağlıkhealthNounA2
Softens: sağlığın. A caring goodbye: Sağlığına dikkat et.
sırarow, queue; turnNounA2
“Whose turn is it?”: Sıra kimde? — “It is my turn”: Sıra bende.
teşekkürlerthanksExclamationA1
toplamakto tidy up; to collectVerbA2
Accusative.
ucuzcheapAdjectiveA1
yatakbedNounA1
Softens: yatağı.
şekersugar; sweet, candyNounA1
boşempty; freeAdjectiveA1
Of a person: “free, not busy”, bu akşam boşum.
buzdolabıfridgeNounA1
buz “ice” + dolap with -ı; an n before further endings: buzdolabında.
buçukhalf (after a number)NounA1
sekiz buçuk is 8:30, “eight and a half”, exactly like English “half past eight”.
değiştirmekto exchange, to changeVerbA2
Accusative; for what: -le, büyük bedenle değiştirmek.
durumsituation, conditionNounA2
elbisedressNounA1
fabrikafactoryNounA2
gözeyeNounA1
hatamistake, errorNounA2
“To make a mistake”: hata yapmak.
hazırreadyAdjectiveA1
kolayeasyAdjectiveA1
korkmakto be afraid, to be scaredVerbA2
Of what: ablative, karanlıktan korkmak “to be afraid of the dark”. Aorist korkar.
koybay, coveNounB1
The same form is the imperative of koymak “put!”.
kurscourseNounA2
pişmekto cook, to be doneVerbB1
No object: the food cooks; the person cooking says pişirmek. Aorist pişer.
salonliving roomNounA1
satmakto sellVerbA2
What: accusative; to whom: dative, arabayı bize sattı. The t stays: satıyor. Aorist satar.
sık sıkoftenAdverbA2
televizyontelevisionNounA1
trafiktrafficNounA2
Softens with an ending: trafiğe, trafikte.
varmakto arriveVerbA2
Where: dative, not locative — eve vardım, “I arrived to the house”. Aorist varır.
çöprubbishNounA2
One syllable, the p stays: çöpü.
adresaddressNounA1
asansörliftNounA2
beyMr (after the first name)NounA1
Like hanım: after the first name, capitalised.
binthousandNumeralA1
No bir in front. Years are read like this: iki bin yirmi altı.
bozukbroken, out of orderAdjectiveA2
For devices that do not work. Broken into pieces: kırık.
ceketjacketNounA1
doldurmakto fill; to fill inVerbA2
Accusative; to fill in a form: formu doldurmak.
dükkânsmall shopNounA2
Written with a circumflex; the ending stays back-vowelled: dükkânda.
düşünmekto thinkVerbA1
Of whom: accusative, seni düşünüyorum.
hoşnice, pleasant, prettyAdjectiveA2
Also in the greeting hoş geldiniz “welcome”, roughly “you have come pleasantly”.
inmekto get off; to go downVerbA1
Out of what: ablative, otobüsten inmek; where to: dative.
kalabalıkcrowded; crowdAdjectiveA2
katılmakto take part, to attendVerbA2
In what: dative, derse katılmak.
kelimewordNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is sözcük.
keztime (occasion)NounB1
Three words for “time” in “three times”, all in use and mostly interchangeable: kez, kere, defa. Singular after a number.
kimlikidentity cardNounA2
Softens: kimliğim, kimliğini.
konserconcertNounA2
kısashortAdjectiveA1
merakcuriosity; worryNounA2
merak etmek: “to wonder, to be curious” and “to worry”; the k stays: merakı.
merhabahelloExclamationA1
Fine at any time of day and with anybody.
meyvefruitNounA1
nasılsınhow are youPhraseA1
Politely or to several people nasılsınız.
partipartyNounA2
pastacake, gateauNounB1
A false friend: not pasta — that is makarna.
saklamakto keep; to hideVerbA2
Accusative; from whom: ablative, benden saklama “do not hide it from me”.
saçhairNounA1
Singular for the hair on the head, as in English. One syllable, no softening: saçı.
sessizquiet, silentAdjectiveA1
uçmakto flyVerbB1
Where to: dative. Also by plane: İzmir'e uçtuk. Aorist uçar.
vakittimeNounB1
The i drops before an ending: vaktim, vakti. Same meaning as zaman, a little more formal.
yanside; next toNounA2
With people “with, at someone’s place”: annemin yanında kalıyorum “I am staying at my mother’s”.
yolculukjourney, tripNounA2
“Have a good journey!”: İyi yolculuklar!
üniversiteuniversityNounA2
“To study”: üniversite okumak or üniversitede okumak.
acele etmekto hurryVerbA2
No object; “there is no hurry”: Acele etme.
anmomentNounB1
ayakfootNounA1
Softens: ayağı.
ağırheavyAdjectiveA1
For weight; “difficult” is zor.
bavulsuitcaseNounA2
davetinvitationNounA2
dağmountainNounA2
denemekto try on, to try outVerbA1
A particular item in the accusative: bu ceketi denemek.
eskidenin the past, formerlyAdverbA2
ev sahibilandlord, landlady; hostNounA2
fikiridea; opinionNounA2
The second vowel drops before a vowel ending: fikrim, fikrin ne? “What do you think?”
fırınbakery; ovenNounA1
gençyoungAdjectiveA1
Softens before a vowel: genci; the plural keeps ç: gençler.
gezmekto go around, to look around, to strollVerbA2
What you visit: accusative, müzeyi gezmek; with no object “to wander about”. Aorist gezer.
gömlekshirt, blouseNounA1
Softens: gömleği.
havalimanıairportNounA1
Already carries the ending -ı; “to the airport” is havalimanına.
hediyepresent, giftNounA1
iptal etmekto cancelVerbA2
Accusative.
istasyonstationNounA1
kazaaccidentNounB1
kaza geçirmek “to have an accident”.
kişilikpersonalityNounB1
kolarmNounA1
kurmakto set up, to found; to set (an alarm)VerbA2
Also for furniture, a tent or a company: çadır kurmak, şirket kurmak.
kuzencousinNounA1
kâğıtpaper; piece of paperNounA1
With a circumflex; softens: kâğıdı.
köprübridgeNounA1
“Over the bridge”: ablative with geçmek.
kırmızıredAdjectiveA1
kızmakto get angryVerbA2
With whom or about what: dative, ona kızdım. Aorist kızar.
maviblueAdjectiveA1
ormanforest, woodsNounA2
projeprojectNounB1
randevuappointmentNounA2
With whom: ablative, doktordan randevu almak — “to take an appointment from the doctor”.
sorunproblemNounA1
Same meaning: problem.
sporsportNounA2
“To do sport”: spor yapmak. The ending is back-vowelled: spora.
takmakto wear, to put on (glasses, jewellery, a cap)VerbA1
Accusative. For clothes it is giymek.
takımteamNounA2
“To support a team”: bir takımı tutmak, literally “to hold a team”.
tanışmakto get to know, to meet (for the first time)VerbA2
With whom: -le. “Pleased to meet you”: Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum.
teyzeaunt (mother’s sister)NounA1
The father’s sister is hala. Also a friendly way to address an older woman.
yumurtaeggNounA1
çamaşırlaundry, washingNounA2
ödevhomeworkNounA2
önemliimportantAdjectiveA1
özür dilerimI am sorryPhraseA1
To whom: ablative, sizden özür dilerim — literally “I ask pardon from you”.
ücretpay, wage; feeNounB1
Also the price of a service: giriş ücreti “admission fee”.
üçüncüthirdNumeralB1
Ordinal with -üncü under harmony: dördüncü; after a vowel the first vowel of the ending drops: altıncı, yedinci.
AlmanGerman (person); GermanNounA1
Capitalised but without an apostrophe: Almanım “I am German”. The language is Almanca.
AlmancaGerman (language)NounA1
avroeuroNounB1
This is how Turkish spells the euro; you will also hear euro.
aylıkmonthlyAdjectiveB1
açhungryAdjectiveA1
The opposite is tok “full”.
ağabeyolder brotherNounA1
Pronounced and often written abi; also used to address a slightly older man.
belediyetown council, municipalityNounB1
beğenmekto like (find good)VerbA1
For something you have seen or tried; the thing is in the accusative.
birone; a, anNumeralA1
Also the indefinite article: bir ev “a house”.
bulaşıkdirty dishes, washing-upNounA2
“To wash up”: bulaşık yıkamak.
gecikmekto be late, to be delayedVerbA2
No object; for what: dative, işe gecikmek “to be late for work”. Aorist gecikir.
gerekneed, necessityNounB1
gerek yok “no need”; for what: dative, often a verbal noun.
göllakeNounA2
görüşürüzsee youPhraseA1
With a time before it: yarın görüşürüz “see you tomorrow”.
götürmekto take (somewhere)VerbB1
Whom, what: accusative; where to: dative. The opposite, “to bring”, is getirmek — the take/bring split English has too.
gürültünoiseNounB1
The adjective: gürültülü “noisy”.
hazırlamakto prepare, to makeVerbA2
Accusative when definite. To get oneself ready: hazırlanmak.
imzalamakto signVerbB1
What: accusative.
kaybolmakto get lost, to go missingVerbA2
No object. Like olmak: aorist kaybolur.
kenaredge, side, bankNounA2
By the sea: deniz kenarında — here without a genitive.
kurudryAdjectiveA2
The verb: kurumak “to dry”.
köftemeatballsNounA2
lezzetlitasty, deliciousAdjectiveA1
maaşsalary, wagesNounA2
metrounderground, metroNounA1
müzemuseumNounA1
parçapiece, partNounA2
polispolice; police officerNounA1
rahatcomfortable; relaxedAdjectiveA2
“Sleep well” among friends: Rahat uyu!
sahilcoast, seafront, shoreNounA2
sevinmekto be glad, to be pleasedVerbA2
About what: dative, buna sevindim.
soğumakto get cold, to cool downVerbB1
No object. With an object: soğutmak.
tarafside, directionNounA2
“Towards”: deniz tarafına; “by (someone)”: annem tarafından.
tarifrecipe; descriptionNounB1
Also yol tarifi “directions”. A doctor’s prescription is reçete.
tazefreshAdjectiveA2
temizcleanAdjectiveA1
temizlemekto cleanVerbA1
Accusative: odayı temizlemek.
topballNounA2
One syllable, the p stays: topu, not tobu.
uzatmakto extendVerbB1
What: accusative; by how long: no ending.
uçakplaneNounA2
Softens: uçağa, uçağımız; “by plane”: uçakla.
vapurferry, steamer (in a city)NounA2
yanlışwrongAdjectiveA1
yanmakto burn; to be on (light)VerbB1
No object; lights and fires “burn” too. Aorist yanar.
yaşlıold (people)AdjectiveA1
yüzmekto swimVerbA2
Where: locative. Aorist yüzer.
ziyaret etmekto visitVerbA2
Whom: accusative. Colloquially also dedeme gittik “we went to my grandpa’s”.
çağırmakto call; to inviteVerbA2
Accusative; to what: dative, bizi yemeğe çağırdılar “they invited us for a meal”.
ürünproductNounB1
üsttop; on, aboveNounA2
Where to: masanın üstüne koy “put it on the table”. Often also üzerinde.
alışverişshoppingNounA2
“To go shopping”: alışverişe gitmek; “to shop”: alışveriş yapmak.
başvuruapplicationNounB1
beyazwhiteAdjectiveA1
büyümekto grow, to grow upVerbA2
No object. Aorist büyür.
camglass (material); window paneNounB1
A drinking glass is bardak.
cümlesentenceNounA2
değişmekto change (by itself)VerbA2
No object; to change something: değiştirmek.
dillanguage; tongueNounA1
dolufull; takenAdjectiveA1
eşspouse, husband, wifeNounA1
Neutral: the word itself does not say whether husband or wife.
eşyathings, belongings; luggageNounA2
futbolfootballNounA2
geçmişthe pastNounB1
Really the participle of geçmek: “what has passed”.
hatırlamakto rememberVerbA2
Accusative, as with English “remember”: seni hatırlıyorum.
hayaldream, imaginationNounB1
A wish you picture; a dream while sleeping is rüya.
ikramtreat, something on the houseNounB1
içeriin, insideAdverbA2
“Inside” (place): içeride.
krediloan, creditNounB1
kredi çekmek “to take out a loan”.
kulakearNounA1
Softens: kulağı.
köşecornerNounA1
mağazashop, storeNounA2
memurcivil servant, officialNounA2
müştericustomerNounA2
ocakJanuaryNounA2
Also “stove”. Softens: ocağın “of January”; “in January”: ocakta.
otuzthirtyNumeralA1
pansiyonguesthouseNounA2
Not a pension in the sense of retirement money.
piknikpicnicNounA2
sefertime, occasion; trip (transport)NounA2
“Next time”: bir dahaki sefere.
sigortainsuranceNounB1
simitsimit (sesame bread ring)NounB1
The t softens before a vowel: simidi.
sınıfclass, year; classroomNounA2
tattaste, flavourNounB1
Softens despite one syllable: tadı. “To taste”: tadına bakmak.
teklifoffer, proposalNounB1
teklif etmek “to offer, to propose”.
tereyağıbutterNounA1
Already carries the ending -ı: “with butter” is tereyağıyla.
torungrandchildNounA1
uyanmakto wake upVerbA2
No object. To wake someone: uyandırmak. To get up: kalkmak.
uygulamaapp, applicationNounA2
çarşımarket, shopping districtNounA1
çiftpairNounA2
çıkarmakto take off; to take outVerbA1
Accusative; out of what: ablative, cebinden çıkarmak.
şarkısongNounA2
“To sing”: şarkı söylemek, “to say a song”.
alışmakto get used toVerbB1
To what: dative, soğuğa alışmak.
apartmanblock of flatsNounA1
The whole building, not the single flat — that is daire. A false friend for English “apartment”.
arkaback; behindNounA2
After a vowel with s: arkası, arkasında.
asmakto hang (up)VerbA2
What: accusative; where: dative. Aorist asar.
ağlamakto cryVerbA2
About what: dative. Aorist ağlar.
ağustosAugustNounA2
bağlamakto tie; to connectVerbA2
What: accusative; to what: dative.
bağırmakto shout, to shout atVerbA2
At whom: dative, bana bağırma.
benzinpetrolNounA2
buyurunhere you are; please (when offering)ExclamationA1
Also “What can I get you?” in a shop; to someone you know well buyur.
büyükannegrandmotherNounA1
devam etmekto continue, to carry onVerbA2
With what: dative, işe devam etmek.
doğalnaturalAdjectiveB1
duşshowerNounA2
“To have a shower”: duş almak, “to take a shower”.
ehliyetdriving licenceNounB1
eksikmissing, incompleteAdjectiveB1
Turkish says “missing” with eksik, with no verb of its own.
elektrikelectricity, powerNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: elektriği.
ellififtyNumeralA1
erimekto meltVerbB1
No object; “to melt something” is eritmek.
garipstrange, oddAdjectiveA2
gerçektenreallyAdverbA2
günaydıngood morningExclamationA1
hakright, entitlementNounB1
The k doubles before an ending: hakkım, hakkı.
hastanehospitalNounA1
haziranJuneNounA2
hepalwaysAdverbA1
karanlıkdark; darknessAdjectiveA2
Also a noun: karanlıktan korkmak “to be afraid of the dark”. Dark colours: koyu.
kazanmakto win; to earnVerbA2
Accusative: maçı kazanmak; also “to earn money”: para kazanmak.
kaşıkspoonNounA1
Softens: kaşığı.
kuşbirdNounA2
lavabowashbasin, sinkNounA2
makarnapastaNounA1
The everyday word for pasta of any kind.
memnunpleased, satisfiedAdjectiveA2
With what: ablative, işinden memnun.
motorengineNounB1
nazikkind, friendly; delicateAdjectiveA2
The k does not soften: nazikim “I am kind”.
patronbossNounA2
paylaşmakto shareVerbA2
What: accusative; with whom: -le.
plajbeachNounA2
rüzgârwindNounA1
sayfapageNounA2
saç kurutma makinesihairdryerNounA2
Literally “hair-drying machine”.
servisservice; shuttle busNounA2
solmakto wilt, to fadeVerbB1
No object; colours “fade” too. Aorist solar.
soğanonionNounA1
tamexactly; full, wholeAdverbA2
Before a noun “whole, full”: tam bir gün “a whole day”, tam zamanlı “full-time”.
tamircimechanic, repairerNounB1
tarihdate; historyNounA2
Also the school subject “history”. To ask the date: Bugün ayın kaçı? “Today is the how-many of the month?”
tartışmakto discuss; to argueVerbB1
What: accusative; with whom: -le.
tavukchickenNounA1
Softens: tavuğu.
teslim etmekto hand in, to submit, to deliverVerbB1
What: accusative; to whom: dative, dosyayı memura teslim etmek.
turisttouristNounA2
uzakfar, distantAdjectiveA1
Far from something: ablative, evden uzak.
yeterlienough, sufficientAdjectiveB1
yetişmekto catch, to make it in timeVerbA2
Dative, not accusative: otobüse yetişmek — “to reach the bus in time”.
yoğurtyoghurtNounA1
Softens: yoğurdu.
yıllıkannual, yearlyAdjectiveB1
zeytinoliveNounA1
çeyrekquarterNounA1
“A quarter to”: dative and var, dörde çeyrek var — literally “to four there is a quarter”.
ücretsizfree (of charge)AdjectiveB1
üzülmekto be sad, to be sorryVerbA2
About what: dative, buna üzüldüm. “Do not be sad”: Üzülme!
şemsiyeumbrellaNounA1
şişebottleNounA2
adaislandNounA2
amcauncle (father’s brother)NounA1
The mother’s brother is dayı. Also a way to address an older man.
anlaşmakto get on; to agreeVerbA2
With whom: -le.
anneannegrandma (mother’s mother)NounA1
The father’s mother is babaanne.
athorseNounA2
“To ride”: ata binmek, “to get on a horse”. One syllable, the t stays: atı.
ayranayran (yoghurt drink)NounA1
azalmakto decrease, to go downVerbB1
No object; “to reduce” is azaltmak.
açıklamakto explainVerbB1
What: accusative; to whom: dative.
aşağıdown, downstairsAdverbA2
“Below”: aşağıda; “down(wards)”: aşağı or aşağıya.
beslemekto feedVerbA2
Accusative: kuşları beslemek.
birbirieach other (with a possessive)PronounB1
Always with a possessive: birbirimiz (us), birbiriniz (you), birbirleri (them).
biriktirmekto save (up)VerbB1
What: accusative when definite; for what: için.
bolplentiful; loose (clothes)AdjectiveA2
boğazthroatNounA1
The neck from the outside is boyun.
bölgeregionNounB1
börekbörek (filled pastry)NounA2
Softens: böreği.
depremearthquakeNounB1
Many families keep an emergency bag ready: deprem çantası.
derecedegreeNounA1
dizkneeNounA2
diziseries (TV)NounB1
dolaşmakto wander, to strollVerbB1
Where: locative, or with the accusative: şehri dolaşmak “to wander round the town”.
dondurmaice creamNounA1
dosyafile; folderNounA2
dökmekto spill, to pourVerbA2
What: accusative; where: dative. Aorist döker.
dövizforeign currencyNounB1
A bureau de change is a döviz bürosu.
düzenorder, tidinessNounB1
emekliretired; pensionerAdjectiveA2
“To retire”: emekli olmak.
enerjienergyNounB1
eylülSeptemberNounA2
eğlenmekto have fun, to enjoy oneselfVerbA2
No object. “Have fun!”: İyi eğlenceler!
fırtınastormNounA1
genellikleusually, generallyAdverbA2
gökyüzüskyNounA1
Already carries the ending -ü: gökyüzünde.
görevtask, dutyNounA2
harcamakto spend (money, time)VerbA2
On what: dative, kitaplara para harcamak.
haritamapNounA1
hastalanmakto fall illVerbB1
hayvananimalNounA2
hemşirenurseNounA1
isteğe bağlıoptionalAdjectiveB1
Literally “tied to the wish”.
kalempen, pencilNounA1
kaybetmekto loseVerbA2
Accusative; like etmek: kaybediyor. Also for things: anahtarımı kaybettim.
kaynamakto boil (by itself)VerbB1
No object: the water boils. “To boil something” is kaynatmak.
kilitlemekto lockVerbB1
What: accusative.
kilometrekilometreNounB1
koltukarmchair; seatNounA1
Softens: koltuğu. A sofa is kanepe.
kombicombi boilerNounB1
The unit in the flat that heats the rooms and the water.
kötübadAdjectiveA1
kırkfortyNumeralA1
kıyıcoast, shoreNounB1
meydansquareNounA1
neredeysealmost, nearlyAdverbA2
nisanAprilNounA2
notmark, grade; noteNounA2
“To take notes”: not almak.
noternotaryNounB1
ohe, she, it; thatPronounA1
No gender: one word for he, she and it. Before an ending it takes n: onu, ona.
oluşmakto form, to come aboutVerbB1
No object; of what: ablative.
planplanNounA2
portakalorangeNounA1
rafshelfNounA2
rendelemekto grateVerbB1
What: accusative.
resimpicture, painting; drawingNounA2
The second vowel drops before a vowel ending: resmi, resme. “To paint”: resim yapmak.
rica ederimyou are welcomePhraseA1
The answer to a thank-you — not the “please” of a request, which is lütfen.
sanmakto think, to assume (wrongly)VerbA2
Mostly for a mistaken assumption. Aorist sanır.
satıcıshop assistant, sellerNounA2
sebzevegetablesNounA1
serpmekto sprinkleVerbB1
Onto what: dative. Aorist serper.
serthard; strictAdjectiveA2
sonuçresult, consequenceNounB1
The ç softens before a vowel: sonucu.
sulamakto waterVerbB1
What: accusative.
süreperiod, time allowed, durationNounB1
sıkılmakto be bored; to be fed upVerbA2
With what: ablative, bu filmden sıkıldım.
tamir etmekto repair, to fixVerbB1
What: accusative. To have repaired: tamir ettirmek.
tanepiece (counter)NounA2
Between the number and the noun, which stays singular: üç tane elma. “How many?”: Kaç tane?
tekraragain, once moreAdverbA1
turtourNounB1
ustatradesman, craftsman, masterNounB1
Also a friendly form of address: Usta, ne kadar tutar? “How much will it be?”
uğramakto drop in, to stop byVerbB1
Where: dative, bize uğra “drop in on us”.
yakındasoonAdverbA2
yangınfire (that is not wanted)NounB1
A fire nobody wants; a fire in the hearth, or a fever, is ateş.
yarawoundNounB1
yetmekto be enoughVerbA2
For whom: dative, bana yetiyor. Aorist yeter; “That’s enough!”: Yeter!
yorulmakto get tiredVerbA2
The past tense describes how you feel now: yoruldum “I am tired”, literally “I have got tired”.
çalışanemployee, member of staffNounB1
Really the participle of çalışmak: “the one working”.
çevirmekto translate; to turnVerbA2
What: accusative; into which language: dative, Almancaya çevirmek.
ödünç almakto borrowVerbB1
What: accusative; from whom: ablative.
önermekto suggestVerbB1
What: accusative; to whom: dative.
ünlüfamousAdjectiveA2
For what: -le, kebabıyla ünlü.
üşümekto be cold, to feel coldVerbA1
No object; the one who is cold is the subject. With a body part: ellerim üşüyor “my hands are cold”.
ısınmakto get warm, to warm upVerbB1
No object; “to warm something” is ısıtmak.
şarjcharge (battery)NounA2
“To charge”: şarj etmek.
şaşırmakto be surprisedVerbA2
At what: dative, buna şaşırdım.
acilurgent; emergencyAdjectiveB1
acil durum “emergency”, acil servis “A&E”.
acıhot, spicy; bitterAdjectiveA2
As a noun “pain”.
aile hekimifamily doctor, GPNounB1
hekim is the formal word for doctor.
anamainAdjectiveA2
Like an adjective before the noun: ana yemek “main course”. “Mother” in everyday speech is anne.
anlatmakto tell, to explainVerbA2
What: accusative; to whom: dative, bana anlat.
arızafault, breakdownNounB1
atlamakto jumpVerbB1
Where to: dative; over, off what: ablative, duvardan atlamak.
ayrılmakto leave, to depart; to split upVerbA2
What you leave is in the ablative: evden ayrılmak; also “to break up”: ondan ayrıldı.
ağrıpain, acheNounA1
ağızmouthNounA1
Vowel drops: ağzım, ağzı.
aşçıcook, chefNounA2
baklavabaklavaNounA2
bakımservice, maintenanceNounB1
bakım yaptırmak “to have serviced”.
başarısuccessNounB1
başvurmakto applyVerbB1
For what and where: dative, işe başvurmak, belediyeye başvurmak. Aorist başvurur.
bildirmekto notify, to reportVerbB1
What: accusative; to whom: dative, belediyeye bildirmek.
bilgiinformation, knowledgeNounA2
A mass noun, like English “information”.
birincifirstNumeralA2
Ordinals with -(i)nci: ikinci, üçüncü, dördüncü. Just as common: ilk “first”.
borçdebtNounB1
Softens despite one syllable: borcum.
boyheightNounA1
“Tall” is uzun boylu, “of long height”.
boyamakto paint, to colourVerbA1
Accusative: duvarı boyamak; with what: ile.
burunnoseNounA1
Vowel drops: burnum, burnu.
ceppocketNounA1
Softens although it has one syllable: cebi. A bag is çanta.
dans etmekto danceVerbA2
With whom: -le, onunla dans etti.
darnarrow, tightAdjectiveA1
dostclose friendNounB1
Closer and weightier than arkadaş.
doğramakto chopVerbB1
What: accusative.
doğrulamakto verify, to confirmVerbB1
What: accusative. Passive: doğrulanmak.
eczacıpharmacist, chemistNounA2
ekimOctoberNounA2
Often with ay: ekim ayında “in the month of October”.
ekranscreenNounA2
emlakçıestate agentNounB1
ertelemekto postpone, to put offVerbA2
What: accusative; to when: dative.
etkilemekto affect; to impressVerbB1
Whom, what: accusative.
evlimarriedAdjectiveA1
fark etmekto notice; to make a differenceVerbB1
What: accusative. Fark etmez. “It does not matter.”
fotokopiphotocopyNounB1
fotokopi çekmek “to photocopy”.
fırçalamakto brushVerbA2
Accusative: dişlerimi fırçaladım.
gelinbride; daughter-in-lawNounB1
gerçektruth; real, trueNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: gerçeği. As an adjective: gerçek bir dost “a true friend”.
gerçekleşmekto come true, to take placeVerbB1
gripfluNounA1
“To get flu”: grip olmak.
gülümsemekto smileVerbA2
At whom: dative.
güneşlisunnyAdjectiveA1
günlükdaily; diaryAdjectiveB1
As a noun also “diary”: günlük tutmak “to keep a diary”.
hafiflight (weight)AdjectiveA1
For weight; “easy” is kolay.
halletmekto sort out, to deal withVerbB1
What: accusative. From hal etmek: aorist halleder.
hamurdough, pastryNounB1
havalebank transferNounB1
havale yapmak “to make a transfer”.
havuzswimming poolNounA2
hayatlifeNounA2
hayırnoParticleA1
hissetmekto feelVerbA2
“To feel (well, tired …)”: kendini … hissetmek. Like etmek: hissediyor, aorist hisseder.
hırsızthief; burglarNounB1
iddiaclaimNounB1
The verb: iddia etmek “to claim”.
ilgilenmekto look after; to be interested inVerbB1
Whom, in what: -le, müzikle ilgileniyorum.
ilkbaharspringNounA1
Often just bahar.
inanmakto believeVerbA2
Whom or in what: dative, buna inanmıyorum “I do not believe this”.
işlemprocedure, transactionNounB1
At an office or bank, anything that gets processed; plural işlemler.
İngilizceEnglish (language)NounA2
Capital İ with a dot; language names take endings without an apostrophe: İngilizceyi.
kabul etmekto acceptVerbA2
Accusative.
kalecastle, fortressNounB1
kalınthick (things)AdjectiveA1
For things; a fat person is şişman.
karınbelly, stomachNounA1
Vowel drops: karnım, karnı.
karşıoppositePostpositionA1
With the genitive before it and an ending: bankanın karşısında.
kasapbutcherNounA2
Softens with an ending: kasaba gitmek “to go to the butcher’s”.
kavgafight, quarrelNounB1
Louder than tartışma; also a fight with fists.
kaymakto slide, to slipVerbB1
Where: locative; from where: ablative. Aorist kayar. The noun kaymak is clotted cream.
kemerbeltNounA1
kibarpoliteAdjectiveA2
kiralamakto rent, to hireVerbA2
Accusative when definite: bu evi kiraladık.
kirlidirtyAdjectiveA1
kolibox, cartonNounB1
koridorhall, corridorNounA2
korumakto protectVerbA2
Whom: accusative; from what: ablative.
kuralruleNounB1
kusura bakmayınsorry, please excuse mePhraseA2
For a small inconvenience; literally “do not look at the fault”. Familiar form: kusura bakma.
kütüphanelibraryNounA2
kıymaminceNounB1
kızartmakto fry; to toastVerbB1
What: accusative. Also toast: ekmek kızartmak.
lastiktyre; rubberNounB1
Softens: lastiği.
limonlemonNounB1
mevsimseasonNounA1
mezun olmakto graduateVerbA2
From where: ablative, liseden mezun olmak.
meğeras it turns outAdverbB1
Usually with -miş: you have only just found out.
mobilyafurnitureNounA2
A mass noun in the singular, exactly like English “furniture”.
müsaitfree, availableAdjectiveA2
A polite way to ask if someone has time; also for a table or room: Bu masa müsait mi?
newhatQuestion wordA1
As a definite object: neyi; “what for, to what”: neye.
nehirriverNounA2
The second vowel drops before a vowel ending: nehri, nehre.
olayincident, eventNounB1
ortamiddleNounA2
oyungameNounA1
pantolontrousersNounA1
Singular for one pair: bir pantolon.
patatespotatoNounA1
plastikplasticNounB1
Softens: plastiği. A plastic bag: plastik poşet.
postanepost officeNounA1
programprogramme, scheduleNounA2
pulstampNounB1
sakincalmAdjectiveA2
salatalıkcucumberNounA1
Softens: salatalığı.
salıTuesdayNounA1
sandalyechairNounA1
sayınumberNounB1
sevgiliboyfriend, girlfriend, partnerNounA1
seyahatjourney, travelNounA2
The ending is front-vowelled: seyahate, seyahatte. “To travel”: seyahat etmek.
silmekto delete; to wipeVerbA2
Accusative. Aorist siler.
siparişorderNounA2
“To order”: sipariş vermek, “to give an order”.
siyahblackAdjectiveA1
sokmakto sting; to put inVerbB1
Whom: accusative; where: ablative. Also “to put into”: elini cebine sokmak. Aorist sokar.
sırtbackNounA1
tabakplateNounA1
Softens: tabağı.
tahtaboard (in class); woodNounA2
takip etmekto track, to followVerbB1
What, whom: accusative. Before a vowel ed-: takip ediyorum.
tavanceilingNounA2
tekne turuboat tripNounB1
temizlikcleaning; cleanlinessNounB1
temizlik yapmak “to clean”; the k softens: temizliği.
tepehill; topNounA2
türkind, type; speciesNounA2
ulaşmakto reach, to arriveVerbB1
Whom, where: dative, bana ulaştı.
ummakto hopeVerbB1
“To hope that”: verbal noun in -mesini. Aorist umar.
uçuşflightNounA2
vergitaxNounB1
yaklaşmakto approach, to come closerVerbB1
Whom, what: dative.
yakmakto light, to burn; to switch on (a light)VerbA2
Accusative. Aorist yakar.
yalan haberfake newsNounB1
yaprakleafNounA2
Softens: yaprağı.
yapıştırmakto stick, to glueVerbB1
What: accusative; onto what: dative.
yağoil, fatNounB1
General word for oil and fat; butter is tereyağı, olive oil zeytinyağı.
yeşilgreenAdjectiveA1
yokthere is not; does not existParticleA1
The counterpart of var: param yok “I have no money”.
yolcupassenger, travellerNounA2
yurthall of residence; homelandNounA2
One syllable and still softens: yurdu, yurda.
yöneticimanagerNounB1
yılbaşıNew Year’s Eve, New YearNounB1
yılbaşı gecesi “New Year’s Eve”; written as one word with -ı: yılbaşında.
zorlamakto force, to pushVerbB1
Whom: accusative; to do what: dative.
çoğumost (of them)PronounB1
After a genitive: arkadaşlarımın çoğu; on its own also “mostly”: çoğu zaman.
çözümsolutionNounB1
To what: dative, soruna çözüm.
öncedenbeforehand, in advanceAdverbB1
özlemekto miss, to long forVerbA2
Accusative, as with English “miss”: evimi özlüyorum.
ülkecountryNounA1
ısmarlamakto order; to treat (someone)VerbA2
For whom: dative, sana bir çay ısmarlayayım “let me buy you a tea”.
şikâyetcomplaint, symptomNounB1
At the doctor’s, the physical complaint; elsewhere also a complaint about service.
şubebranchNounB1
aidatservice charge (for a building), membership feeNounB1
The monthly sum for the building or estate; does not soften: aidatı.
akrabarelativeNounA1
alettool, deviceNounB1
Does not soften: aleti.
altmışsixtyNumeralA1
ambulansambulanceNounB1
ameliyatoperation, surgeryNounB1
ameliyat olmak “to have an operation”; on which part: ablative.
aramacallNounA2
arıbeeNounA2
Honey is bal.
aslındaactually, in factAdverbA2
asıloriginal (of a document)NounB1
The ı drops before an ending: aslı, aslını.
atıkwasteNounB1
Softens: atığı. Household rubbish is çöp.
aynamirrorNounA2
ayrıcaalso, in additionAdverbA2
ayırtmakto reserve, to bookVerbA2
Accusative when definite.
bagajluggage; boot (car)NounB1
balhoneyNounA1
bankamatikcash machine, ATMNounB1
Just as common: ATM.
batmakto sink; to set (sun)VerbB1
No object. Also the sun: güneş batıyor. Aorist batar.
belirlemekto set, to determineVerbB1
What: accusative.
bencein my opinion, I thinkAdverbB1
From ben + -ce; likewise sence, bizce.
bitirmekto finishVerbA2
Accusative. Without an object “to come to an end”: bitmek.
bitkiplantNounA2
borupipeNounB1
bozdurmakto change (money)VerbB1
What: accusative; into which currency: dative. Also a note into coins.
bursscholarship, grantNounA2
bıçakknifeNounA1
Softens: bıçağı.
canlı yayınlive broadcastNounB1
ciltskinNounA2
One syllable and still softens: cildim, cilde.
dahilincludedAdjectiveB1
damladropsNounB1
dağıtmakto deliver, to distributeVerbB1
What: accusative; to whom: dative.
defterexercise book, notebookNounA1
dergimagazineNounB1
derindeepAdjectiveA2
devecamelNounB1
değervalue, worthNounB1
değişiklikchange, alterationNounB1
Softens: değişikliği.
değişimchange, transformationNounB1
dikmekto plant; to sewVerbB1
What: accusative; where: dative. Also “to sew”. Aorist diker.
dolmuşshared minibus taxiNounA2
Runs a fixed route and stops wherever you want to get off: İnecek var! “Someone wants to get off!”
doymakto be full (after eating)VerbA2
The past tense for a present state: doydum “I am full”, literally “I have become full”.
doğruright, correct, trueAdjectiveA1
Also “straight” and, after a dative, “towards”: denize doğru.
doğrutowards; around (time)PostpositionA2
With the dative: denize doğru; of time: akşama doğru “towards evening”.
doğum günün kutlu olsunhappy birthdayPhraseA1
Politely doğum gününüz kutlu olsun.
dönemterm, semester; periodNounA2
düzenlemekto organise, to arrangeVerbB1
What: accusative or indefinite.
efendimyes? (on the phone); pardon?ExclamationA1
Polite: answering the phone, answering when someone calls you, or when you did not catch something.
ekipteamNounB1
Softens: ekibi, ekibimiz.
erkekman, boy; maleNounA1
ezberlemekto learn by heartVerbA2
Accusative when definite: şiiri ezberledim.
eğilmekto bend down, to leanVerbB1
Towards what: dative.
farklıdifferentAdjectiveA2
Different from: ablative, benden farklı.
fincancupNounA1
frenbrakeNounB1
To brake: frene basmak, “to step on the brake”.
gazetecijournalistNounA2
gelişmekto developVerbB1
geliştirmekto develop, to improveVerbB1
What: accusative.
genelgeneralAdjectiveB1
The newer word; the older one is umumi.
genişwide, broad, spaciousAdjectiveA1
gezitrip, excursionNounB1
geçepast (telling the time)PostpositionA2
The hour in the accusative: üçü beş geçe “at five past three”.
geçinmekto get on (with); to live (on)VerbB1
With whom: -le. “To live on”: ablative or -le, maaşla geçinmek.
gişecounter, windowNounB1
golgoalNounA2
“To score a goal”: gol atmak, “to throw a goal”. The ending is front-vowelled although the vowel is o: golü.
güneysouthNounA2
güvenmekto trust, to rely onVerbA2
Dative: bana güven “trust me”.
güçstrength, power; difficultNounB1
The ç softens before a vowel: gücüm. As an adjective “difficult”: güç bir iş.
halıcarpet, rugNounA1
harfletter (of the alphabet)NounA2
The ending is front-vowelled although the vowel is a: harfi, harfler.
harçlıkpocket moneyNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: harçlığım.
havlamakto barkVerbB1
At whom: dative, postacıya havlamak.
hayvanat bahçesizooNounA2
haşlamakto boil (food in water)VerbB1
What: accusative; boiled eggs: haşlanmış yumurta.
heyecanexcitement, nervesNounA2
hizmetserviceNounB1
iade etmekto return, to send backVerbB1
What: accusative; to whom: dative, mağazaya iade etmek.
ifade vermekto give a statement (to the police)PhraseB1
ikna etmekto persuade, to convinceVerbB1
Whom: accusative; to do what: dative, onu gelmeye ikna etmek.
ilanadvert, noticeNounB1
ilan vermek “to place an advert”.
ilginçinterestingAdjectiveA2
indirimdiscount, saleNounA2
On what: locative, kazaklarda indirim.
itfaiyefire brigadeNounB1
kaldırımpavementNounB1
kalpheartNounA1
Softens with a front vowel: kalbi, not kalpı.
kanamakto bleedVerbB1
No object; the bleeding part is the subject. The a drops before -ıyor: kanıyor.
kargocourier, deliveryNounB1
kargoyla göndermek “to send by courier”. Not “cargo” in the English sense of a ship’s load.
kasiyercashierNounA2
kavurmakto fry lightly, to brown, to roastVerbB1
What: accusative.
kayıtregistration, recordNounB1
The second vowel drops and t becomes d: kaydı, kaydım.
kendiself; ownPronounA2
With a possessive: kendim “myself”, kendin, kendisi; “own” before the noun: kendi odam “my own room”.
keyifmood, pleasureNounB1
The i drops before an ending: keyfim, keyfi.
kiracıtenantNounB1
kokmakto smell (of something)VerbA2
Giving off a smell, no object; of what: kahve kokuyor “it smells of coffee”. To smell something yourself: koklamak.
komikfunnyAdjectiveA2
koyudark (colour)AdjectiveA1
Only for colours and drinks (koyu çay “strong tea”); a dark room is karanlık.
kulüpclubNounB1
The p softens before an ending: kulübü.
kuraklıkdroughtNounB1
kutlamakto celebrate; to congratulateVerbA2
What: accusative; to congratulate someone: seni kutlarım.
kuyruktail; queueNounB1
Softens: kuyruğu. Also a queue at the till: kuyrukta beklemek.
kısımpart, sectionNounA2
The ı drops before a vowel ending: kısmı.
kıyafetclothes, item of clothingNounA1
kızgınangryAdjectiveA2
With whom: dative.
lambalampNounA1
maalesefunfortunatelyAdverbA1
mangalcharcoal grill, barbecueNounB1
mangal yapmak “to have a barbecue”.
martıseagullNounB1
masrafcosts, expensesNounB1
matematikmathsNounA2
meraklıcuriousAdjectiveA2
About what: dative.
metremetreNounB1
meyhanetavern (with meze)NounB1
Evenings, lots of small plates, long conversations.
mezestarter, mezeNounA2
In a restaurant “to order” is often simply söylemek, “to say”.
meşgulbusy; engagedAdjectiveA1
A loanword with front-vowel endings: meşgulüm, not meşgulum.
midestomachNounA1
musluktapNounA2
Softens: musluğu.
mutlakadefinitely, without failAdverbA2
muzbananaNounA1
mühendisengineerNounA1
nakitcashNounA2
Usually without an ending: nakit ödemek “to pay cash”, nakit para “cash”.
onaylamakto approve, to confirmVerbB1
What: accusative.
onaylıcertifiedAdjectiveB1
otoparkcar parkNounA2
otoyolmotorwayNounA2
parmakfinger; toeNounA1
Softens: parmağı.
patlamakto burst; to explodeVerbB1
No object.
patlıcanaubergineNounB1
pidepide (flatbread, often with a topping)NounA2
pirinçrice (uncooked)NounB1
The ç softens before a vowel: pirinci. Cooked it is pilav.
pişirmekto cook (something)VerbA1
A definite object in the accusative. For cooking as an activity people usually say yemek yapmak.
radyoradioNounB1
raporreportNounB1
Also a doctor’s note: doktor raporu.
rehberguide (person or book)NounA2
resmîofficialAdjectiveB1
Written with î. resmî tatil “public holiday”.
sallamakto shake, to waveVerbB1
el sallamak “to wave” (to whom: dative); otherwise accusative: başını sallamak “to nod”.
saymakto countVerbB1
What: accusative; “up to”: dative with kadar. Aorist sayar.
sağlıklıhealthyAdjectiveA1
selamhi (casual)ExclamationA1
Among friends; with strangers merhaba is safer.
sergiexhibitionNounA2
serincoolAdjectiveA1
seçmekto chooseVerbA2
A definite object in the accusative. Aorist seçer.
sonraafter; afterwards, laterPostpositionA1
With the ablative: dersten sonra. On its own, “afterwards”.
sosyal medyasocial mediaNounB1
soymakto peelVerbB1
What: accusative. Aorist soyar. Also “to rob”.
sürprizsurpriseNounA2
süslemekto decorateVerbB1
sıcaklıktemperature; heatNounB1
tabiiof courseAdverbA1
tablotable, spreadsheet; paintingNounB1
tahliltest (laboratory), analysisNounB1
kan tahlili “blood test”.
tasarrufsavings; savingNounB1
tavafrying panNounA2
taşstoneNounA2
tebrik etmekto congratulateVerbB1
Whom: accusative; for what: için.
tenceresaucepan, potNounA2
terlemekto sweatVerbB1
terzitailor, dressmakerNounA2
tişörtT-shirtNounA1
tokfull (not hungry)AdjectiveA2
tosttoasted sandwichNounA2
tozdustNounA2
“To dust”: toz almak, “to take the dust”.
tuvalettoiletNounA1
tuzlusaltyAdjectiveA2
tüketmekto consume, to use upVerbB1
What: accusative. The t stays: tüketiyor.
tıkanmakto get blockedVerbB1
No object; the adjective: tıkalı.
ulaşımtransport linksNounB1
uyarmakto warnVerbB1
Whom: accusative; against what: -e karşı.
uygunsuitable, convenientAdjectiveA2
For whom: için or the dative, bana uygun.
uykusleepNounB1
uykum var “I am sleepy”, literally “I have sleep”.
uğraşmakto struggle with, to deal withVerbB1
With what: -le.
vatandaşcitizenNounB1
vizevisaNounA2
yakalamakto catchVerbB1
What, whom: accusative.
yaklaşıkabout, approximatelyAdverbB1
yavaşlamakto slow downVerbB1
No object.
yayınlamakto publish, to broadcastVerbB1
What: accusative. Passive: yayınlanmak.
yazılıwritten; written testAdjectiveA2
As a noun at school: yazılı “written test”.
yenilemekto renewVerbB1
What: accusative.
yerleşmekto settle in, to settleVerbB1
Into where: dative.
yetmişseventyNumeralA1
yorgunluktiredness, exhaustionNounB1
yönetmekto manage, to runVerbB1
Whom or what: accusative. The t stays: yönetiyor.
yüklemekto upload; to install; to loadVerbA2
Accusative; where to: dative.
yükselmekto rise, to climbVerbB1
No object; also of prices and temperatures.
yürüyüşwalk, hikeNounA2
“To go for a walk”: yürüyüş yapmak or yürüyüşe çıkmak.
yüzdeper centNounB1
Before the number: yüzde altmış, written %60 with the sign first. “Sixty per cent of them”: yüzde altmışı.
yılansnakeNounA2
yıldızstarNounA2
zahmettrouble, botherNounB1
Politely: zahmet etmeyin “please do not go to any trouble”.
zamanındaon time, in timeAdverbA2
zararloss, damageNounB1
zarar etmek “to make a loss”, zarar vermek “to cause damage”.
zayıfthin, slim; weakAdjectiveA2
çarpmakto crash, to hitVerbB1
Into what: dative, duvara çarpmak. Aorist çarpar.
çatıroofNounA2
çekicitow truckNounB1
From çekmek “to pull”; as an adjective also “attractive”.
çevreenvironment; surroundingsNounB1
Also “surroundings”: evin çevresi “the area around the house”.
çizmekto drawVerbA2
Accusative when definite. Aorist çizer.
çokvery; much, manyAdverbA1
Before a noun “a lot of”, with no plural: çok insan.
çözmekto solveVerbA2
Accusative. Aorist çözer.
öbür günthe day after tomorrowAdverbA2
ölçmekto measureVerbB1
What: accusative. Aorist ölçer.
övmekto praiseVerbB1
Whom, what: accusative. Aorist över.
öğretmekto teachVerbA1
To whom: dative; what: accusative.
ütülemekto ironVerbA2
Accusative.
üzümgrapesNounA1
ılıklukewarm, mildAdjectiveA1
Begins with dotless ı; the capital is Ilık, without a dot.
ıslakwetAdjectiveA2
Begins with dotless ı; capital Islak.
ısırmakto biteVerbB1
What: accusative — Turkish bites “the child’s hand”.
ısıtmakto heat up, to warmVerbB1
What: accusative. Without an object: ısınmak “to get warm”.
şansluck, chanceNounA2
Back-vowelled ending: şansım, şansa.
şapkahat, capNounA1
şekilshape, figureNounA1
Vowel drops: şekli, şekle.
şubatFebruaryNounA2
abartmakto exaggerateVerbB1
abonesubscriber; subscribedNounB1
To what: dative, dergiye abone olmak “to subscribe to a magazine”.
acılıspicy, hotAdjectiveB1
affedersinizexcuse me (polite)ExclamationA1
Polite, to address strangers; casual affedersin.
affetmekto forgiveVerbB1
Whom: accusative. From af etmek: aorist affeder.
afiyet olsunenjoy your mealPhraseA1
Also after the meal, as a reply to a thank-you.
akıllıclever, intelligentAdjectiveA2
akşamüstüearly evening, late afternoonNounB1
alarmalarmNounB1
alohello (on the phone)ExclamationA2
Only on the phone; otherwise merhaba.
altıngold; gold coinNounB1
A usual gift at weddings and births.
anlammeaning, senseNounB1
anlamına gelmek “to mean”.
anımemory (recollection)NounB1
The newer word; the older one is hatıra. Not to be confused with an “moment”.
aralıkDecemberNounA2
Softens: aralığın; “in December”: aralıkta. As an ordinary word also “gap, interval”.
armutpearNounA2
artıplusNounB1
Likewise eksi “minus”, çarpı “times”, bölü “divided by”.
arızalanmakto break downVerbB1
No object.
aslaneverAdverbA2
With a negative verb: asla gelmem “I will never come”.
ayrıştırmakto separate, to sort (rubbish)VerbB1
What: accusative.
ayvaquinceNounB1
ağırlamakto host, to entertain (guests)VerbB1
Whom: accusative.
aşklove (romantic)NounA2
Back-vowelled ending: aşkım “my love, darling”.
aşıvaccination, vaccineNounB1
aşı olmak “to be vaccinated”.
bacaklegNounA1
Softens: bacağı.
bahsetmekto talk about, to mentionVerbA2
About what: ablative, bundan bahsetmeyelim “let us not talk about this”. Like etmek: bahsediyor.
bakkalcorner shop, grocerNounA2
bakımlıwell keptAdjectiveB1
bantsticky tapeNounB1
Softens despite one syllable: bandı; bantlamak “to tape up”.
barışmakto make upVerbB1
With whom: -le.
basitsimple, easyAdjectiveA2
bayılmakto faintVerbB1
From what: ablative. Colloquially also “to love”: bu tatlıya bayılırım “I adore this dessert”.
bazensometimesAdverbA1
bazısome, certainAdjectiveA2
With a plural; “some of them”: bazıları.
bağlantıconnection; linkNounA2
başarmakto succeed, to manageVerbB1
What: accusative, often a verbal noun: -meyi başarmak.
bedenclothes sizeNounA1
Shoe size is numara.
belgeseldocumentaryNounB1
belirtmekto state, to specifyVerbB1
What: accusative.
beğenilikeNounB1
biberpepper (vegetable), chilliNounA1
Ground black pepper is karabiber.
bilekwrist, ankleNounB1
ayak bileği is the ankle.
bilimscienceNounB1
The newer word, built from bilmek “to know”; the older one is ilim.
bodrumbasement, cellarNounB1
Also bodrum katı.
burkulmakto be sprainedVerbB1
No object; the body part is the subject: ayağım burkuldu.
bölmekto divide, to splitVerbB1
bölümdepartment, subject of study; section; episodeNounA2
bölüşmekto share, to splitVerbB1
What: accusative; with whom: ile.
büfesnack bar, kioskNounB1
caddemain street, avenueNounA1
camimosqueNounB1
Before a vowel ending: camiye, camiyi. Visiting, women cover their hair, and shoulders and knees are covered.
cezafine, penaltyNounB1
Colloquially ceza yemek “to get a fine”, literally “to eat”; officially ceza ödemek.
ciddiseriousAdjectiveA2
dalmakto dive; to drift offVerbB1
Where to: dative. Also uykuya dalmak “to drop off to sleep”. Aorist dalar.
damatgroom; son-in-lawNounB1
The t softens before a vowel: damadı.
davetiyeinvitation (card)NounB1
davranışbehaviourNounB1
defatime (occasion)NounB1
A loanword from Arabic. Set phrases: ilk defa “for the first time”, bu defa “this time”.
dekonttransfer slip, bank receiptNounB1
delmekto drill, to make a hole inVerbB1
What: accusative. Aorist deler.
demlemekto brew, to let (tea) steepVerbB1
What: accusative. Turkish tea brews in the upper pot, the demlik.
deneyimexperienceNounB1
depotank; warehouseNounB1
In a car the tank, otherwise a store or warehouse.
depozitodepositNounB1
dernekassociation, societyNounB1
The k softens before an ending: derneğe.
desteklemekto supportVerbB1
Whom, what: accusative.
değerlendirmekto make use of; to evaluateVerbB1
What: accusative.
dilimsliceNounB1
dipbottomNounA2
One syllable and still softens: dibi, dibinde.
diplomadiploma, certificateNounB1
diğerother, the restAdjectiveA2
Usually definite, “the other(s)”; “another” is rather başka bir.
doksanninetyNumeralA1
dolandırıcıfraudster, scammerNounB1
dondurmakto freezeVerbB1
What: accusative. Hence dondurma “ice cream”.
donmakto freeze (screen); to freezeVerbB1
Really “to freeze” of water: Göl dondu.
duygufeeling, emotionNounA2
dünyaworld; the EarthNounA2
düzstraight onAdverbA1
As an adjective also “flat, smooth”.
egzozexhaustNounB1
egzoz gazıexhaust fumesNounB1
ekattachmentNounB1
Also “suffix” in grammar — the same idea: something attached.
ekstrestatementNounB1
eleştirmekto criticiseVerbB1
Whom, what: accusative.
endişelenmekto worryVerbB1
About what: ablative or için, senin için endişelendim.
engellemekto block, to hinderVerbB1
What: accusative.
esnafshopkeepers, tradespeople (of an area)NounB1
Mostly a collective singular.
etekskirtNounA1
Softens: eteği.
etkieffect, influenceNounB1
On what: dative, or genitive with a possessive.
ev yapımıhomemadeAdjectiveB1
evlenmekto marry, to get marriedVerbA2
Whom: -le, not the accusative — Can'la evlendi, “she married with Can”.
evrakpapers, documentsNounB1
One word for the whole set, without a plural. It does not soften: evrakı.
ezmekto mash, to crushVerbB1
eğitimeducation, trainingNounA2
eğlenceparty, entertainment, funNounA2
eşekdonkeyNounA2
fişreceiptNounA2
fırsatopportunity, chanceNounB1
Does not soften: fırsatı.
fırçabrush, paintbrushNounB1
gelenektraditionNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: geleneği.
gemishipNounA2
gereklinecessaryAdjectiveA2
geçerlivalidAdjectiveB1
giderekmore and more, increasinglyAdverbA2
Really the form “going” of gitmek; before a verb it means “more and more”.
girişentrance; ground floorNounA2
“Ground floor”: giriş katı.
giyinmekto get dressedVerbA2
No object; to put on a piece of clothing: giymek.
grevstrikeNounB1
greve çıkmak “to go on strike”.
grupgroupNounA2
Softens with an ending: grubu, grubumuz.
gururprideNounB1
gurur duymak “to be proud”; of what: -le or the ablative.
gösterishow, performanceNounB1
gözlükglassesNounA1
Singular for the pair: bir gözlük. Softens: gözlüğüm.
gülroseNounB1
Flowers “open”: açmak.
gümrükcustomsNounA2
Softens: gümrüğe.
güneşlenmekto sunbatheVerbB1
güvenliksecurity, safety; security staffNounB1
hafızamemory (ability)NounB1
haklıright (in the right)AdjectiveB1
“To be right” is an adjective with a person ending: haklısın “you are right”.
hamamhamam, Turkish bathNounB1
hangiwhichQuestion wordA1
happill, tabletNounB1
Does not soften: hapı.
hapşırmakto sneezeVerbB1
No object. Someone who sneezes often hears Çok yaşa!
hareket etmekto depart; to moveVerbA2
From where: ablative, ikinci perondan hareket ediyor.
harikawonderful, greatAdjectiveA2
harçfee (official)NounB1
Softens despite one syllable: harcı, harcını.
hassassensitiveAdjectiveB1
hastalıkillness, diseaseNounB1
hatlineNounA2
The t doubles before a vowel ending: hattı, hatta.
havlutowelNounA2
havuçcarrotNounB1
The ç softens before a vowel: havucu.
hazırlanmakto get ready, to prepareVerbA2
For what: dative, yolculuğa hazırlanmak.
herhaldeprobably, I supposeAdverbA2
hesaplamakto calculateVerbB1
What: accusative.
heyecanlanmakto get excited, to get nervousVerbB1
ihtiyaçneedNounB1
What is needed: dative, yardıma ihtiyaç. The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is gereksinim. The ç softens: ihtiyacı.
iklimclimateNounB1
ilerlemekto move forward, to make progressVerbB1
No object. The e drops before -iyor: ilerliyor.
iletişimcontact, communicationNounB1
ilişkirelationshipNounB1
ilkokulprimary schoolNounA2
“To start” takes the dative: okula başlamak.
imkânpossibility, opportunityNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is olanak. The â makes the k before it soft.
inekcowNounA2
Softens: ineği.
iskelepier, landing stageNounB1
israf etmekto wasteVerbB1
What: accusative.
istifa etmekto resignVerbB1
From what: ablative, işten istifa etmek.
itiraz etmekto objectVerbB1
To what: dative, karara itiraz etmek.
itmekto pushVerbA2
Accusative. The t stays: itiyor. Aorist iter.
iyiyimI am finePhraseA1
iyi “good” plus the ending -yim “I am” — no separate word for “am”.
işsizlikunemploymentNounB1
Softens: işsizliği. From işsiz “unemployed”.
işverenemployerNounB1
kabarude, roughAdjectiveB1
kabakcourgette; pumpkinNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: kabağı.
kablocableNounA2
kabukpeel, skin; crustNounB1
Softens: kabuğu.
kalato (telling the time)PostpositionA2
The hour in the dative: ikiye çeyrek kala “at a quarter to two”.
kaloriferheating, radiatorNounA2
kampcamping, campNounA2
One syllable, the p stays: kampa. “To camp”: kamp yapmak.
kampanyaspecial offerNounA2
A false friend: not a political campaign here, but a sales promotion.
kanalchannelNounB1
kandırmakto deceive, to trickVerbB1
Whom: accusative.
kanepesofaNounA2
kanıtlamakto proveVerbB1
What: accusative.
kapaklidNounB1
Softens: kapağı.
kapıcıcaretaker, porterNounB1
In many Turkish blocks he lives in the building and brings bread round too.
karakolpolice stationNounB1
kartpostalpostcardNounB1
karıştırmakto stir, to mix; to mix upVerbB1
What: accusative. Also “to confuse”: isimleri karıştırmak.
karşılaştırmakto compareVerbB1
What: accusative; with what: -le.
kastetmekto mean (by words)VerbB1
Whom, what: accusative. The t becomes d before a vowel: kastediyorum, aorist kasteder.
katlanmakto put up withVerbB1
kayakskiing; skiNounA2
“To ski”: kayak yapmak.
kaydetmekto save; to record; to registerVerbA2
Like etmek: kaydediyor. Where to: dative.
kaydolmakto register, to enrolVerbB1
For what: dative, kursa kaydolmak. Contracted from kayıt olmak. Aorist kaydolur.
kaynaksource; resourceNounB1
Softens: kaynağı. Also the source of information.
kazakjumper, sweaterNounA1
Softens: kazağı.
kaçhow manyQuestion wordA1
The noun after it stays singular: kaç kardeş. “What time is it?” saat kaç?
kaçınmakto avoidVerbB1
What: ablative.
kaşarkaşar (yellow cheese)NounB1
The white cheese in brine is beyaz peynir.
kaşınmakto itchVerbB1
The body part is the subject, as in English; “to scratch” is kaşımak with the accusative.
kebapkebab, grilled meatNounA2
Softens: kebabı. In Turkey a kebab is first of all grilled meat on a plate, not only meat in bread.
keretime (occasion)NounB1
Very common in speech; also for multiplying: üç kere dört “three times four”.
kilitlockNounB1
The t softens before a vowel: kilidi.
kiralıkto let, for rentAdjectiveB1
kirlenmekto become polluted, to get dirtyVerbB1
No object; “to pollute” is kirletmek.
kirletmekto polluteVerbB1
What: accusative. The t stays: kirletiyor.
klasörfolder, fileNounB1
klimaair conditioningNounB1
kokusmell, scentNounA2
kolonyacologneNounB1
Splashed on the hands as a welcome, especially on holidays.
konsoloslukconsulateNounB1
kremcreamNounA2
“To put on cream”: krem sürmek.
kuaförhairdresser (mainly for women)NounA2
kullanıcıuserNounB1
kumsandNounA2
kumsalsandy beachNounB1
kurtarmakto save, to rescueVerbB1
Whom: accusative; from what: ablative. Without an object “to escape”: kurtulmak.
kurtulmakto get rid of; to escapeVerbB1
Of what: ablative. With an object “to save”: kurtarmak.
kurulamakto dry (with a towel)VerbA2
Accusative: bulaşıkları kurulamak “to dry the dishes”.
kusmakto vomit, to be sickVerbB1
No object. Aorist kusar.
kuzulambNounB1
kültürcultureNounB1
küsmekto stop speaking to someone, to sulkVerbB1
With whom: dative. The silence after a quarrel; aorist küser.
kırıkbroken (in pieces)AdjectiveA2
kıskanmakto be jealous, to envyVerbA2
Accusative: beni kıskanma “do not be jealous of me”.
kısık ateşlow heatNounB1
To turn down the heat: ateşi kısmak.
lahmacunlahmacun (thin flatbread with mince)NounA2
lekestainNounB1
leke çıkarmak “to remove a stain”.
limanport, harbourNounA2
lisesecondary school, high schoolNounA2
listelistNounA2
mahkemecourtNounB1
malzemeingredient; materialNounB1
manavgreengrocerNounA2
manzaraviewNounB1
manzaralıwith a viewAdjectiveB1
marangozcarpenter, joinerNounB1
martMarchNounA2
maydanozparsleyNounB1
mayısMayNounA2
medeni hâlmarital statusNounB1
memnuniyetsatisfactionNounB1
menümenu; set menuNounA2
mercimeklentilNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: mercimeği.
mesaiworking hours, shiftNounA2
“To work overtime”: fazla mesai yapmak.
midye dolmastuffed musselsNounB1
mikrodalgamicrowaveNounA2
mimararchitectNounA2
molabreakNounA2
“To take a break”: mola vermek, “to give a break”.
moralmorale, spiritsNounB1
The l is front: morali, not moralı.
mumcandleNounB1
mülakatinterviewNounB1
Same as iş görüşmesi, a little more formal.
nakliyeciremoval firmNounB1
nasılhowQuestion wordA1
nazar boncuğuevil-eye beadNounB1
The blue glass “eye”; by old folk belief it protects against the evil eye. Today it is also a popular souvenir.
nedenwhyQuestion wordA1
Same meaning: niye and niçin.
nefes almakto breathe (in)PhraseB1
Breathing out: nefes vermek — again “take” and “give”.
nefisdeliciousAdjectiveB1
nefret etmekto hateVerbA2
Ablative, not accusative: ondan nefret ediyorum.
nereliwhere from (origin)Question wordA1
Asks where someone is from; the answer takes -li: Hamburglu, İzmirli.
nesilgenerationNounB1
The vowel drops before an ending: nesli. Same meaning: kuşak.
nişanengagementNounB1
At an engagement the couple exchange rings, often in front of both families.
nohutchickpeaNounB1
The t softens before a vowel: nohudu.
normalnormalAdjectiveA2
nüfuspopulationNounB1
onarmakto repair, to mendVerbB1
What: accusative. Same meaning as tamir etmek.
ortakshared, commonAdjectiveB1
As a noun also “partner”.
otogarcoach stationNounA2
otomatik ödemedirect debit, standing orderNounB1
oyuncuplayer; actorNounA2
paketlemekto wrap, to packVerbB1
What: accusative.
pardonexcuse me (to ask something)ExclamationA1
parlakbright, shinyAdjectiveA2
pazarlıkhaggling, bargainingNounA2
“To haggle”: pazarlık yapmak.
pekmezgrape molassesNounB1
perdecurtainNounA2
perşembeThursdayNounA1
peşinin advance; in cashAdverbB1
pilotpilotNounA2
pişman olmakto regretVerbB1
What: dative, often a verbal noun: gittiğime pişman oldum “I regretted going”.
postacıpostman, postwomanNounB1
postalamakto postVerbB1
What: accusative; where to: dative.
prizsocketNounA2
rahatlamakto feel relieved, to relaxVerbB1
rahatsızuncomfortable; disturbedAdjectiveA2
By what: ablative. “To disturb”: rahatsız etmek.
rakamfigure, digitNounB1
rakam is the written sign, sayı the number.
reddetmekto refuse, to rejectVerbB1
What: accusative. From ret + etmek, hence dd; before a vowel reddediyor.
reklamadvert, advertisingNounB1
reçeljamNounA1
romannovelNounB1
A false friend: a long story, not anything Roman.
rutubetdamp (in walls)NounB1
The adjective: rutubetli “damp”. Does not soften: rutubeti.
röntgenX-rayNounB1
röntgen çekmek “to take an X-ray”.
röportajinterview, reportNounB1
röportaj yapmak “to do an interview”.
rüyadream (in sleep)NounB1
You “see” a dream: rüya görmek.
sabunsoapNounA2
sadeplain; without sugarAdjectiveA2
sahnestage; sceneNounB1
sakinleşmekto calm downVerbB1
sanatartNounB1
sanayiindustry; garage quarterNounB1
In Turkish towns, the area with many small workshops.
saniyesecondNounA2
sankias ifConjunctionA2
Often with gibi at the end: Sanki hasta gibisin.
sapmakto turn (off)VerbB1
Where to: dative, sola sapmak, yan sokağa sapmak. Aorist sapar.
sarılmakto hug, to embraceVerbA2
Whom: dative, not accusative — bana sarıl “hug me”.
sarımsakgarlicNounB1
Also spelt sarmısak; the k softens: sarımsağı.
sarışınblond, fair-hairedAdjectiveA2
satrançchessNounA2
savunmakto defend, to argue forVerbB1
What: accusative.
sayesindethanks toPostpositionB1
With the genitive and a possessive: senin sayende, onun sayesinde.
sağlamsturdy, solid; healthyAdjectiveA2
sağlamakto provide, to ensureVerbB1
What: accusative or indefinite; for whom: dative.
sekseneightyNumeralA1
semtdistrict, areaNounB1
Bigger than a mahalle; the area you name when someone asks where you live.
serbest çalışmakto work freelancePhraseB1
sevinçjoyNounB1
The ç softens before an ending: sevinci.
seyircispectatorNounA2
sezonseason (of a series); seasonNounB1
sinir bozucuannoyingAdjectiveB1
sinirlenmekto get annoyed, to get worked upVerbA2
About what: dative, buna sinirlendim.
sitewebsite; housing estateNounA2
sivrisinekmosquitoNounB1
Literally “pointed fly”. Mosquitoes “bite”: ısırmak.
solleftNounA1
sonbaharautumnNounA1
soyadısurnameNounA1
Already carries the ending -ı; “my surname” is soyadım.
stadyumstadiumNounA2
stajyerintern, traineeNounB1
sunmakto present, to offerVerbB1
What: accusative; to whom: dative. Aorist sunar.
susamakto be thirstyVerbA2
Again the past for now: susadım “I am thirsty”.
suçlamakto blame, to accuseVerbB1
Whom: accusative; of what: -le, hırsızlıkla suçlamak “to accuse of theft”.
söndürmekto put out, to switch offVerbA2
Accusative.
süpürmekto sweep, to vacuumVerbA2
Accusative. Aorist süpürür.
süzmekto drain, to strainVerbB1
What: accusative. Aorist süzer.
sıfırzeroNumeralA1
sıkıcıboringAdjectiveA2
sınırlimit; borderNounB1
sırsecretNounB1
The r doubles before a vowel: sırrım, sırrını.
sızıntıleakNounB1
tahliyeevacuationNounB1
tahmin etmekto guess, to estimateVerbB1
What: accusative. The guess itself: tahmin.
taleprequest, application, demandNounB1
Softens: talebi. talep etmek “to demand”.
tamamlamakto completeVerbB1
What: accusative.
taramakto combVerbA2
Accusative: saçını taramak.
tartmakto weighVerbA2
Accusative. Aorist tartar.
tarımagriculture, farmingNounB1
tatmakto taste, to tryVerbA2
The t becomes d before a vowel: tadıyor, tadın. Accusative.
tavlabackgammonNounB1
tavsiye etmekto recommendVerbA2
What: accusative; to whom: dative, size balığı tavsiye ederim.
taşınmamove, moving houseNounB1
tedavitreatmentNounB1
tedavi etmek “to treat”, tedavi olmak “to be treated”.
tehlikelidangerousAdjectiveA2
teknolojitechnologyNounB1
tekrarlamakto repeatVerbA2
temmuzJulyNounA2
tepsibaking tray; trayNounB1
tercih etmekto preferVerbB1
What: accusative; to what: dative, çayı kahveye tercih ederim “I prefer tea to coffee”.
terfi etmekto be promotedVerbB1
To what: dative. Active in Turkish: the person promoted is the subject. Before a vowel ed-: terfi ediyor.
terlikslipperNounA1
Softens: terliği.
tiyatrotheatreNounA2
toplanmakto gather, to assembleVerbB1
No object; where: locative. “To collect” is toplamak.
tornavidascrewdriverNounB1
tutampinch; bunchNounB1
tüneltunnelNounA2
tıklamakto clickVerbA2
On what: dative, buraya tıkla.
tıraş olmakto shaveVerbA2
tırmanmakto climbVerbB1
Up what: dative, ağaca tırmanmak.
tırnaknail (finger, toe)NounA2
Softens: tırnağım.
unflourNounB1
Turkish recipes often measure in glasses: su bardağı.
utanmakto be ashamed; to be shyVerbA2
Of what: ablative, bundan utandım.
uykusuzluklack of sleep, insomniaNounB1
uzaklaşmakto move awayVerbB1
From what: ablative.
uzanmakto lie down; to stretch outVerbB1
Where to: dative. Also “to reach for something”.
uzunluklengthNounB1
vagoncarriage (train)NounB1
vazgeçmekto give up, to drop (a plan)VerbB1
What: ablative. Aorist vazgeçer.
virgülcomma; decimal pointNounB1
Turkish writes 3,5 where English writes 3.5, and says üç virgül beş.
yabancıstrange, foreign; stranger, foreignerAdjectiveB1
Also a noun: yabancılar “foreigners, strangers”.
yanıtlamakto answerVerbB1
What: accusative. With the older word: cevaplamak or -e cevap vermek.
yaralanmakto be injured, to get hurtVerbB1
Where: ablative, bacağından yaralandı “he was hurt in the leg”.
yararlanmakto benefit from, to make use ofVerbB1
From what: ablative. The newer word; the older one is istifade etmek.
yarışrace, competitionNounA2
yasaklamakto ban, to forbidVerbB1
What: accusative. The adjective: yasak “forbidden”.
yayınbroadcast; publicationNounB1
yazıcıprinterNounA2
yedek parçaspare partNounB1
yetkiliresponsible, authorisedAdjectiveB1
As a noun “the person in charge”: yetkiliyle konuşmak.
yorganduvet, quiltNounA2
yürüyerekon footAdverbB1
Literally “walking”, a form of yürümek.
yıllarcafor yearsAdverbB1
zarfenvelopeNounB1
zenginrichAdjectiveA2
zeytinyağıolive oilNounB1
Written as one word; dishes cooked in olive oil and eaten cold are zeytinyağlı.
zorunlucompulsory, requiredAdjectiveB1
çabaeffortNounB1
çaba göstermek “to make an effort”.
çabalamakto strive, to make an effortVerbB1
çampineNounB1
Usually with ağacı: çam ağacı.
çatalforkNounA1
çatlakcrack; crackedNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: çatlağı.
çaydanlıkteapot (double)NounA2
The Turkish two-tier teapot. Softens: çaydanlığı.
çevrim içionlineAdjectiveB1
çilekstrawberryNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: çileği.
çivinailNounB1
çivi çakmak “to hammer in a nail”.
çökmekto crash; to collapseVerbB1
öksürmekto coughVerbB1
No object; the cough itself is öksürük.
öksürükcoughNounA1
Softens: öksürüğü.
ölmekto dieVerbA2
Aorist ölür. For people more politely: vefat etmek.
önfront; in front ofNounA2
“Before” in time is önce: dersten önce.
önemimportanceNounB1
önem vermek “to attach importance to” (dative).
önlemekto preventVerbB1
What: accusative. Aorist önler.
öpmekto kissVerbA2
ötebeyond, the far sideNounA2
With a possessive: ötesinde. “Here and there”: öteye beriye.
özelprivate; specialAdjectiveA2
özellikleespeciallyAdverbB1
özgeçmişCV, résuméNounB1
üyememberNounB1
üzgünsadAdjectiveA1
ıspanakspinachNounB1
Capital without a dot: Ispanak. The k softens: ıspanağı.
ızgaragrilled; grillNounA2
Begins with dotless ı; the capital is Izgara, not İzgara.
şarapwineNounA2
Softens: şarabı.
şarkıcısingerNounB1
şefchefNounB1
şerefecheersExclamationA2
Literally “to honour”.
şifrepassword; PINNounA2
şiirpoem; poetryNounB1
şişmekto swell (up)VerbB1
No object. Aorist şişer.
şofördriverNounA1
şüphelenmekto suspectVerbB1
Whom, what: ablative — not the accusative.
aboneliksubscriptionNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: aboneliği.
acısıznot spicy, mildAdjectiveB1
adaletjustice, fairnessNounB1
Does not soften: adaleti.
adetpiece, item (when counting)NounA2
More formal than tane; often on packaging and bills.
adisyonbill (in a restaurant)NounB1
akciğerlungNounB1
aksineon the contraryAdverbB1
aktarmachange, connectionNounA2
“To change (trains, planes)”: aktarma yapmak.
aktarmasızdirect, non-stopAdjectiveB1
akücar batteryNounB1
alerjiallergyNounB1
To what: dative.
alkışapplauseNounB1
alkışlamakto applaud, to clapVerbB1
altbottom; underNounA2
Where: locative (altında); where to: dative (altına) — “under” and “to under”.
altyazısubtitlesNounB1
alçaklowAdjectiveA2
alçıplaster castNounB1
alıcırecipient; buyerNounB1
From almak: “the one taking”.
alıngantouchy, easily offendedAdjectiveB1
alışkanlıkhabitNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: alışkanlığı.
amabutConjunctionA1
ambalajpackagingNounB1
amirsuperior, bossNounB1
ampullight bulbNounB1
anaokulunursery school, kindergartenNounA2
A compound with -u; an n comes before the ending: anaokuluna.
anidensuddenlyAdverbB1
anlayışlıunderstandingAdjectiveB1
antibiyotikantibioticNounB1
antik kentancient cityNounB1
antrenmantrainingNounA2
anımsamakto remember, to recallVerbB1
What: accusative. The newer word; in everyday speech people mostly say hatırlamak.
araçvehicle; meansNounB1
Softens: aracı. The official word for any vehicle; also toplu taşıma aracı “means of public transport”.
arifeeve of a festivalNounB1
Usually arife günü; often a half holiday.
arkadaşlıkfriendshipNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: arkadaşlığı.
artırmakto increase, to raiseVerbB1
What: accusative. Without an object “to rise”: artmak.
asansörlüwith a liftAdjectiveB1
asgari ücretminimum wageNounB1
aslanlionNounA2
ateş düşürücüfever reducerNounB1
atkıscarfNounA1
avantajadvantageNounB1
avukatlawyerNounA2
ayarlamakto arrange, to set upVerbA2
ayrılıkseparation, partingNounB1
ayıbearNounA2
azlittle, fewAdverbA1
azaltmakto reduce, to cut downVerbB1
What: accusative. Without an object “to decrease”: azalmak.
açıklamaexplanation, noteNounB1
açıkçasıfrankly, to be honestAdverbB1
açısındanin terms of, as regardsPostpositionB1
ağnetworkNounB1
ağrı kesicipainkillerNounB1
Literally “pain cutter”.
baharatspiceNounB1
Does not soften: baharatı.
baharatlıspicy, well seasonedAdjectiveB1
bahşiştipNounA2
bakiyebalanceNounB1
bakıcıcarer, babysitter, nannyNounB1
bakış açısıpoint of view, perspectiveNounB1
barışpeaceNounB1
basketbolbasketballNounA2
basınthe pressNounB1
battaniyeblanketNounA2
batıwestNounA2
bayatstaleAdjectiveB1
baykuşowlNounB1
Birds “sing” with ötmek.
bayramlaşmakto exchange festival greetingsVerbB1
With whom: -le. Like selamlaşmak: both sides do it.
bağlamasaz (long-necked lute)NounB1
bağımsızlıkindependenceNounB1
bağışlamakto donate; to forgiveVerbB1
başarılargood luck, every successPhraseA2
başarılısuccessful, doing wellAdjectiveA2
başarısızlıkfailureNounB1
başlangıçbeginning, startNounB1
The ç softens before an ending: başlangıcı.
beceriskillNounB1
bedavafree (of charge)AdjectiveA2
bekletmekto keep (someone) waitingVerbB1
bekârsingle, unmarriedAdjectiveA1
bekçiwatchman, night watchmanNounB1
belirtisign, symptomNounB1
benIPronounA1
Usually dropped: oturuyorum is enough. “to me” bana, “me” beni.
bencilselfishAdjectiveB1
berberbarberNounA2
bezelyepeasNounB1
bildirimnotificationNounB1
bilgilendirmekto informVerbB1
bilinçawareness, consciousnessNounB1
The ç softens before an ending: bilinci.
birabeerNounA2
biraza little, a bitAdverbA1
birdenbireall of a suddenAdverbB1
bireyindividual, memberNounB1
boyapaintNounA1
Colour as a quality is renk.
boyacıpainter (decorator)NounB1
boğulmakto drown; to chokeVerbB1
boşaltmakto empty, to vacateVerbB1
boşanmakto get divorcedVerbB1
From whom: ablative, eşinden boşandı.
bu sayedein this way, thanks to thisPhraseB1
bulantınauseaNounB1
“I feel sick”: midem bulanıyor, “my stomach is churning”.
bulaşıcıcontagious, infectiousAdjectiveB1
bulgurbulgur wheatNounB1
bulutcloudNounA1
bulutlucloudyAdjectiveA1
buluşmameeting, dateNounA2
buzulglacierNounB1
böcekbeetle, insect, bugNounA2
Softens: böceği.
bütçebudgetNounB1
büyükelçilikembassyNounB1
canın sağ olsunnever mind, as long as you are all rightPhraseA2
Comforting when something has been broken or lost.
cepheside, aspect; façadeNounB1
cesaretcourageNounB1
cesurbraveAdjectiveA2
cevizwalnutNounB1
cezvepot for Turkish coffeeNounB1
cihazdeviceNounB1
cimrimean, stingyAdjectiveB1
cinsiyetsex, genderNounB1
civarneighbourhood, areaNounA2
civcivchickNounB1
contawasher, sealNounB1
Cumhuriyet BayramıRepublic DayNounB1
A date with an ending: apostrophe after the month, month capitalised: 29 Ekim'de. Without a day: ekimde.
cömertgenerousAdjectiveB1
dalbranchNounB1
dana etibeefNounB1
A compound with -i; likewise kuzu eti “lamb”.
danışmanconsultant, adviserNounB1
From danışmak “to consult” (whom: dative).
davalawsuit, caseNounB1
dava açmak “to sue, to bring a case”.
davetliguest (invited); invitedNounB1
davuldrumNounB1
dayanmakto stand, to bear; to lean onVerbB1
What you bear is in the dative: sıcağa dayanmak.
dayıuncle (mother’s brother)NounA1
dağıtımdelivery, distributionNounB1
dedikodugossipNounB1
dedikodu yapmak “to gossip”.
deneme kabinichanging roomNounA2
dengebalanceNounB1
deniz seviyesisea levelNounB1
deodorantdeodorantNounA2
departmandepartmentNounB1
derttrouble, worryNounB1
The t softens before a vowel: derdi.
dertleşmekto pour out one’s troubles to each otherVerbB1
With whom: -le.
desteksupportNounB1
destek olmak “to support” (dative); the k softens: desteği.
deterjandetergent, washing powderNounB1
devretmekto hand overVerbB1
devrilmekto fall over, to toppleVerbB1
No object; “to knock over” is devirmek.
dezavantajdisadvantageNounB1
değilnot (with nouns and adjectives)ParticleA1
Negates what is not a verb; with a person ending: yorgun değilim “I am not tired”. A verb is negated with -me.
dijitaldigitalAdjectiveB1
dikişstitch (in a wound)NounB1
dilekçewritten application, petitionNounB1
A short formal letter to an authority, with date and signature.
dilimlemekto sliceVerbB1
What: accusative.
dinleyicilistenerNounB1
direksiyonsteering wheelNounB1
direksiyon dersi “driving lesson”.
diyetdietNounB1
diyet yapmak “to be on a diet”.
dizüstü bilgisayarlaptopNounB1
Literally “on-the-knee computer”.
dolgufillingNounB1
domuzpigNounA2
dondurucufreezerNounB1
dostlukclose friendshipNounB1
doyurucufillingAdjectiveB1
From doymak “to get full”.
dozdoseNounB1
doğanatureNounA2
duygusalemotionalAdjectiveB1
duyuruannouncementNounB1
dönüşreturn journey, returnNounB1
düdüklü tencerepressure cookerNounB1
Literally “whistling pot”.
dürüsthonestAdjectiveA2
düzeylevelNounB1
düzinedozenNounB1
düşüncethought, opinionNounB1
düşüncelithoughtful, considerateAdjectiveB1
dışoutside; outside ofNounA2
Also an adjective: dış kapı “front door, outer door”.
egzersizexerciseNounB1
ekonomieconomyNounB1
eksiminusNounB1
Also in sums: on eksi üç yedi eder.
ekşisourAdjectiveB1
eldenby hand, in personAdverbB1
eldivengloveNounA1
elektrikçielectricianNounB1
eleştiricriticismNounB1
eleştirmencriticNounB1
emeklemekto crawl (baby)VerbB1
No object; “to start doing”: dative of the verbal noun, emeklemeye başlamak.
emeklilikretirementNounB1
Softens: emekliliği. “To retire”: emekli olmak.
eminsureAdjectiveB1
Of what: ablative, bundan eminim “I am sure of that”.
emniyet kemeriseat beltNounB1
To put it on: kemer takmak.
endişeworry, concernNounA2
endişeliworriedAdjectiveA2
enflasyoninflationNounB1
erikplumNounA2
esmerdark-haired, dark-skinnedAdjectiveA2
etiketlabel, stickerNounB1
Does not soften: etiketi. “To stick”: yapıştırmak.
etkinlikevent, activityNounB1
evcil hayvanpetNounB1
evlilikmarriageNounB1
evrenuniverseNounB1
The newer word; the older one is kâinat.
evvelki günthe day before yesterdayAdverbB1
eğlencelifun, entertainingAdjectiveA2
eşitequalAdjectiveB1
eşitlikequalityNounB1
eşyalıfurnishedAdjectiveB1
eşyasızunfurnishedAdjectiveB1
faizinterestNounB1
fakirpoorAdjectiveA2
farheadlightNounB1
Lights on: farları yakmak.
faremouse, ratNounA2
Also the computer mouse.
fasulyebeanNounB1
taze fasulye “green beans”, kuru fasulye “dried white beans”.
faytonhorse-drawn carriageNounB1
feribotcar ferryNounB1
The little city steamer in İstanbul is the vapur.
festivalfestivalNounB1
filelephantNounA2
fragmantrailerNounB1
fındıkhazelnutNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: fındığı.
fırlatmakto fling, to hurlVerbB1
What: accusative; where to: dative.
fırıncıbakerNounB1
galerigalleryNounB1
garantiguaranteeNounB1
garnitürside dishNounB1
gelenekseltraditionalAdjectiveB1
gelinlikwedding dressNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: gelinliği.
gelirincomeNounB1
Really the aorist of gelmek: “what comes in”. The counterpart is gider.
gelişmedevelopmentNounB1
gereksinimneed, requirementNounB1
What is needed: dative. The newer word, mainly written; the older one is ihtiyaç.
gerekçereason, justificationNounB1
gergintense, nervousAdjectiveB1
gerçiadmittedly, it is true thatConjunctionB1
gezintistroll, outingNounB1
geçenlerderecently, the other dayAdverbB1
giderexpense, outgoingsNounB1
The aorist of gitmek: “what goes out”.
girişimcientrepreneurNounB1
gitarguitarNounA2
gizlilikprivacyNounB1
gramgramNounA2
grigreyAdjectiveA1
göndericonsignment, item (sent)NounB1
gönüllüvoluntary; volunteerAdjectiveB1
görecerelativelyAdverbB1
The newer word; the older one is nispeten.
görevlendirmekto assign, to put in chargeVerbB1
görüntülü aramavideo callNounB1
görüşview, opinionNounB1
görüş bildirmek “to give one’s view”.
gözlemegözleme (filled flatbread)NounB1
göçmigration, emigrationNounB1
One syllable, no softening: göçü. göç etmek “to emigrate”.
göğüschest; breastNounB1
The ü drops before an ending: göğsüm, göğsü.
gücenmekto be offended, to take offenceVerbB1
With whom: dative.
güncellemeupdateNounB1
güncellemekto updateVerbB1
gündemagenda; the topics of the dayNounB1
gündüzdaytime; during the dayNounA2
günlercefor daysAdverbB1
günübirlikday (trip), there and back in a dayAdjectiveB1
gürültülünoisyAdjectiveA2
güventrustNounB1
The verb: -e güvenmek “to trust someone”.
güvenilirreliable, trustworthyAdjectiveB1
güvenlisafeAdjectiveB1
Safe from danger; being sure of something is emin olmak.
güvercinpigeon, doveNounB1
haber bülteninews bulletinNounB1
haberdar olmakto hear about, to be informedPhraseB1
About what: ablative.
haftalıkweeklyAdjectiveB1
hakemrefereeNounA2
haksızwrong (in the wrong); unfairAdjectiveB1
halaaunt (father’s sister)NounA1
halayhalay (line dance)NounB1
You “pull” the halay: halay çekmek.
halk müziğifolk musicNounB1
halsizweak, run-downAdjectiveB1
hamilepregnantAdjectiveB1
hararet yapmakto overheat (engine)PhraseB1
harcamaexpense, spendingNounB1
hasardamageNounB1
hasarlıdamagedAdjectiveB1
hasretlongingNounB1
hasret çekmek “to long”; for whom: dative, sana hasretim.
hattaevenAdverbB1
Often together with bile after the word.
hatıramemory; souvenir, keepsakeNounB1
The older word; the newer one is anı.
hatırlatmakto remindVerbA2
The person reminded is dative, the thing accusative: bana randevuyu hatırlat — “remind the appointment to me”.
havai fişekfireworksNounB1
hayranadmiring; fanNounB1
-e hayran olmak “to admire”.
hayırdırwhat is up?PhraseA2
Friendly and a little concerned, when something is unusual.
hedefgoal, targetNounB1
hediyeleşmekto exchange presentsVerbB1
hesaplıgood value, reasonably pricedAdjectiveB1
heyecanlıexcited, nervous; excitingAdjectiveA2
heykelsculpture, statueNounB1
hikâyestoryNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one, rather for the literary short story, is öykü.
hinditurkey (bird)NounB1
The bird is not named after the country here: Turkish calls it hindi, “the Indian one”.
hobihobbyNounA2
horozcockerel, roosterNounB1
huzurpeace, peace of mindNounB1
More than quiet: the feeling that all is well. huzur içinde “in peace”.
hâlbukiwhereas, when in factConjunctionB1
hürriyetfreedom, libertyNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is özgürlük. hürriyetine kavuşmak “to be set free”.
hüzünsadness, melancholyNounB1
The ü drops before an ending: hüznü.
hüzünlüsad, melancholyAdjectiveB1
ihtimalprobability, possibilityNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is olasılık.
ikametresidenceNounB1
ikamet etmek “to reside” (where: locative); in everyday speech oturmak.
ileriforward, aheadAdverbA2
“Further on”: ileride, also “later” in time.
ilerlemeprogressNounB1
ilgiinterest; attentionNounB1
In what: dative, müziğe ilgi.
ilimscience, knowledgeNounB1
The older word, from Arabic, today mostly in set phrases; the vowel drops before endings: ilmi.
ilkeprincipleNounB1
iltihapinflammation, infectionNounB1
The p softens before an ending: iltihabı.
imdathelp! (in an emergency)ExclamationB1
Only in real danger; otherwise ask yardım eder misiniz?
imzasignatureNounB1
inatçıstubbornAdjectiveB1
incirfigNounB1
indirimlireduced, on offerAdjectiveA2
inişlandingNounB1
ishaldiarrhoeaNounB1
ishal olmak “to have diarrhoea”. Front-vowelled ending: ishali.
istifade etmekto benefit from, to make use ofVerbB1
From what: ablative. The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is yararlanmak.
istikbalfutureNounB1
The older word, from Arabic, formal today; the usual one is gelecek.
istirahatrest; sick leaveNounB1
Literally “rest”; what the doctor “gives” is sick leave.
iyi çalışmalarsaid to people who are working (no English equivalent)PhraseA2
When leaving people who carry on working; also as a sign-off in an email.
iyileşmekto get better, to recoverVerbB1
iyimseroptimisticAdjectiveB1
izinlioff (work), on leaveAdjectiveB1
izleyiciviewerNounB1
içecekdrinkNounA2
iğneinjection; needleNounB1
iğne yaptırmak “to have an injection”.
iş yüküworkloadNounB1
işaretsign, signalNounA2
işaretlemekto tick, to markVerbB1
What: accusative.
işletmebusiness, firmNounB1
Also the university subject: işletme okumak “to study business”.
işsizunemployedAdjectiveA2
iştahappetiteNounB1
With a possessive and var/yok: iştahım yok “I have no appetite”.
işçiworkerNounA2
işçiliklabour (cost)NounB1
kablosuzwirelessAdjectiveB1
kadropermanent post; staffNounB1
kahvehanecoffee house, tea houseNounB1
Also just kahve: kahveye gitmek.
kahverengibrownAdjectiveA1
kalitequalityNounB1
kalkışdepartureNounA2
kalp kriziheart attackNounB1
To geçirmek an illness or accident means to have it, to go through it.
kalçahipNounB1
kanbloodNounB1
kanımcain my viewAdverbB1
More formal than bence; mostly written.
kanıtproof, evidenceNounB1
kaplantigerNounA2
kaplumbağatortoise, turtleNounB1
kaplıcathermal bath, hot springNounB1
kaporadepositNounB1
kaportabodyworkNounB1
kapı zilidoorbellNounB1
karabiberblack pepperNounB1
karaktercharacterNounB1
karesquareNounA1
kariyercareerNounB1
karlısnowyAdjectiveA1
karnabaharcauliflowerNounB1
karneschool reportNounA2
karpuzwatermelonNounA1
kartaleagleNounB1
karıncaantNounB1
karşındespitePostpositionB1
With the dative like rağmen, a little more formal.
kasatill, checkoutNounA2
kaskocomprehensive car insuranceNounB1
kasımNovemberNounA2
kavramconceptNounB1
kavunmelon (honeydew)NounB1
kavşakjunction, crossroadsNounA2
Softens: kavşağa.
kaygıanxiety, worryNounB1
kayınpederfather-in-lawNounB1
kayınvalidemother-in-lawNounB1
Colloquially also kaynana.
kayısıapricotNounB1
kazançearnings, profitNounB1
The ç softens before an ending: kazancı.
kebapçıkebab restaurantNounB1
-çı turns the food into the shop or the person who makes it.
kefilguarantorNounB1
kefil olmak “to act as guarantor”; for whom: dative.
kelebekbutterflyNounA2
kemanviolinNounB1
kemikboneNounB1
kendiliğindenby itselfAdverbB1
kepçeladleNounB1
kervansaraycaravanseraiNounB1
keseexfoliating mitt; scrubNounB1
kese yapmak “to scrub with the mitt”.
kesinlikledefinitely, absolutelyAdverbB1
With a negative “definitely not”: kesinlikle hayır.
kesinticut, interruptionNounB1
elektrik kesintisi “power cut”.
keçigoatNounA2
kilerlarder, pantryNounA2
kilimkilim (woven rug)NounB1
kirazcherryNounB1
After a quantity the singular: bir kilo kiraz.
kirpihedgehogNounB1
kişiselpersonalAdjectiveB1
klavyekeyboardNounA2
kocahusbandNounA1
koklamakto smell (something)VerbA2
koleksiyoncollectionNounB1
komisyoncommissionNounB1
komşulukbeing neighbours, neighbourlinessNounB1
The k softens before a vowel: komşuluğu.
konaklamaaccommodationNounB1
konuşkantalkativeAdjectiveB1
korkufearNounA2
korkunçterrible, awfulAdjectiveA2
kornahornNounB1
korna çalmak “to hoot”.
korochoirNounB1
kovabucketNounB1
koşulconditionNounB1
The newer word; the older one is şart.
kreşnursery, day careNounB1
kronikchronicAdjectiveB1
kulaklıkheadphones, earphonesNounA2
kumbaramoney box, piggy bankNounB1
Kurban BayramıEid al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice)NounB1
The longer of the two festivals. Traditionally an animal is slaughtered and the meat shared with relatives, neighbours and people in need; many use the days off to visit family.
kurbağafrogNounB1
kurtwolf; wormNounB1
Softens despite one syllable: kurdu.
kuruluminstallation, setupNounB1
kuruşkuruş (hundredth of a lira)NounA2
kuryecourierNounB1
kurşunsuzunleadedAdjectiveB1
kutlamacelebrationNounB1
kuvercover chargeNounB1
kuzeynorthNounA2
kâinatuniverseNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is evren.
kârprofitNounB1
Written with â. The opposite: zarar “loss”.
kökrootNounB1
One syllable, no softening: kökü.
kömürcoalNounB1
kötümserpessimisticAdjectiveB1
közlemekto roast over embersVerbB1
küfmouldNounB1
kümeshenhouse, chicken coopNounB1
künefekünefe (warm cheese pastry dessert)NounA2
küresel ısınmaglobal warmingNounB1
kıdemseniority, length of serviceNounB1
kımıldamakto move, to stirVerbB1
No object, usually negative.
kına gecesihenna night (before the wedding)NounB1
The women of both families celebrate with the bride; her hand is dyed with henna.
kırgınhurt, offendedAdjectiveB1
With whom: dative, ona kırgınım.
kırılacakfragileAdjectiveB1
Literally “to-be-broken”: kırılacak eşya.
kısacabriefly, in shortAdverbB1
kısacasıin shortAdverbB1
kıskançjealous, enviousAdjectiveB1
kıskançlıkjealousyNounB1
kızartmafried foodNounA2
“Chips”: patates kızartması, “potato fry”.
lacivertnavy blueAdjectiveA1
lahanacabbageNounB1
laletulipNounB1
limitlimitNounB1
lisanlanguageNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the usual one is dil.
litrelitreNounA2
lokumTurkish delightNounB1
maden suyusparkling mineral waterNounA2
mahallelilocal residentsNounB1
Often a collective singular: bütün mahalleli “everyone in the neighbourhood”.
mahcupembarrassed, ashamedAdjectiveB1
makalearticleNounB1
makbuzreceiptNounB1
makyajmake-upNounA2
“To put on make-up”: makyaj yapmak.
maliyetcost (of production)NounB1
mantarmushroom; fungusNounB1
mantımantı (small dumplings)NounB1
mantıklılogical, sensibleAdjectiveB1
bana mantıklı geliyor “it seems sensible to me”, literally “comes to me sensible”.
manşetheadline (front page)NounB1
matkapdrillNounB1
The p softens before a vowel: matkabı.
mayayeastNounB1
maymunmonkeyNounA2
mayoswimsuit, swimming trunksNounA1
mazotdieselNounB1
The everyday word; at the pump it usually says motorin.
mağaracaveNounB1
mecburicompulsoryAdjectiveB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is zorunlu. In everyday speech also “forced”: mecbur kaldım “I had no choice”.
medeniyetcivilisationNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is uygarlık.
mekânplace, venueNounB1
mendilhandkerchief, tissueNounA2
menemenmenemen (eggs with tomato and pepper)NounA2
merhemointment, creamNounB1
merkezîcentralAdjectiveB1
Written with î, like resmî.
mesafedistanceNounB1
meselafor example, for instanceAdverbB1
More colloquial than örneğin.
meselequestion, matter, issueNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one for “problem” is sorun.
meslekprofession, occupationNounA2
Softens: mesleğim. The work itself, the job: iş.
meslekiprofessional, vocationalAdjectiveB1
meslektaşcolleague (same profession)NounB1
Someone in the same profession, even at another firm; in the same office: iş arkadaşı.
metrekaresquare metreNounB1
Written m².
mezuniyetgraduationNounB1
migrenmigraineNounB1
miktaramount, quantityNounB1
milletnation, people; folksNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one for “nation” is ulus. Only millet also means “people, folks” colloquially.
millî parknational parkNounB1
millî with î: “national”.
milyarbillion (thousand million)NumeralB1
With bir in front, unlike bin: bir milyar, but bin alone.
milyonmillionNumeralB1
minnettargratefulAdjectiveB1
misalexampleNounB1
The older word, from Arabic; the usual one is örnek. In conversation also “for instance” at the start of a sentence.
montwinter jacket, anorakNounA1
montajassembly, installationNounB1
morpurpleAdjectiveA1
muavinbus attendantNounB1
On a long-distance coach he serves drinks and announces the stops.
muayeneexaminationNounB1
muayene olmak “to be examined”; for a car, the MOT: araç muayenesi.
muayenehanedoctor’s surgery, practiceNounB1
A private doctor’s practice; in a hospital it is poliklinik.
muhabirreporter, correspondentNounB1
muhasebeciaccountant, bookkeeperNounB1
muhtarlocal headman (neighbourhood, village)NounB1
In Turkey the elected head of a neighbourhood or village; the office is the muhtarlık.
muhtemelenprobablyAdverbB1
mutsuzunhappyAdjectiveA2
mühürstamp, sealNounB1
The ü drops before an ending: mührü.
mümkünpossibleAdjectiveA2
For a polite request: Mümkünse … “If possible …”
müsaadenizlewith your permissionPhraseA2
How a guest begins when wanting to leave.
müstakildetached (house)AdjectiveB1
müzisyenmusicianNounB1
mısırmaize, sweetcornNounB1
With a capital, Mısır is Egypt.
nabızpulseNounB1
The second vowel drops: nabzım, nabzı.
nadirenrarely, seldomAdverbA2
nanemintNounB1
narpomegranateNounB1
nargilehookah, water pipeNounB1
You “drink” it: nargile içmek.
nedeniylebecause of, due toPostpositionB1
More formal than yüzünden; common in news and announcements.
neredewhereQuestion wordA1
nere with the locative; also nereye “where to” and nereden “where from”.
nezlecoldNounA1
Like the flu, with olmak.
neşelicheerfulAdjectiveB1
nice yıllaramany happy returnsPhraseA2
For birthdays, anniversaries and the New Year.
nikâhcivil wedding ceremonyNounB1
The â is long and makes the k before it soft.
nispetenrelatively, comparativelyAdverbB1
The older word, from Arabic; the newer one is görece.
nişanlanmakto get engagedVerbB1
To whom: -le.
noktadot, full stopNounA1
nöbetçi eczaneduty chemist (open out of hours)NounB1
Every pharmacy displays the name of the one on duty in its window.
o hâldein that case, thenPhraseB1
ocakbaşıgrill restaurant (open grill)NounB1
You sit by the grill and watch the meat being cooked.
oklavarolling pinNounB1
Long and thin, for yufka. To roll out dough: hamur açmak.
okurreaderNounB1
The same form is the aorist of okumak: o okur “he reads”.
olanakpossibility, opportunityNounB1
The newer word; the older one is imkân. The k softens: olanağı.
olasılıkprobability, possibilityNounB1
Same meaning: ihtimal.
olumlupositiveAdjectiveB1
olumsuznegativeAdjectiveB1
Also as an adverb: olumsuz etkilemek “to affect negatively”.
onayapproval, confirmationNounB1
onunhis, her, itsPronounA1
No gender: “his” and “her” are the same word.
operaoperaNounB1
oranrate, ratio, proportionNounB1
organikorganicAdjectiveB1
orkestraorchestraNounB1
ortalamaaverage; on averageNounB1
pahalanmakto get more expensiveVerbB1
paltocoatNounA1
panikpanicNounB1
panik yapmak “to panic”.
papatyadaisy, camomileNounB1
parfümperfumeNounA2
paspasmop; doormatNounB1
paspas yapmak “to mop”.
pastanecake shop, patisserieNounB1
paylaşımpost (on social media)NounB1
pazarcımarket traderNounB1
pembepinkAdjectiveA1
pensepliersNounB1
peronplatformNounB1
peçetenapkinNounA2
pijamapyjamasNounA1
pilbatteryNounA2
piyanopianoNounB1
piyasamarket (economy)NounB1
A street market with stalls is pazar.
pişmanlıkregretNounB1
poliklinikoutpatient clinic (in a hospital)NounB1
porsiyonportionNounA2
posta kodupostcodeNounB1
poşetcarrier bag, plastic bagNounA2
pratikpracticalAdjectiveA2
primbonusNounB1
profilprofileNounB1
pırasaleekNounB1
rakipcompetitor, rivalNounB1
The p softens before an ending: rakibimiz.
referansreferenceNounB1
rendegraterNounB1
renklicolourful, colouredAdjectiveA1
resepsiyonreceptionNounB1
ressampainter (artist)NounB1
rezervasyonreservation, bookingNounA2
“To book”: rezervasyon yapmak.
reçeteprescriptionNounB1
Without a prescription: reçetesiz. A recipe for cooking is tarif.
riskriskNounB1
ruhsatvehicle registration documentNounB1
rötardelay (flight, train)NounA2
saat farkıtime differenceNounB1
saatlercefor hoursAdverbB1
sabahleyinin the morningAdverbB1
sabırpatienceNounB1
The vowel drops before an ending: sabrım.
sabırlıpatientAdjectiveA2
Impatient: sabırsız.
sabırsızimpatientAdjectiveB1
sadıkloyal, faithfulAdjectiveB1
To what: dative, sözüne sadık “true to his word”.
saksıflowerpotNounB1
saldırıattackNounB1
salyangozsnailNounB1
salçatomato or pepper pasteNounB1
samimiwarm, close; sincereAdjectiveB1
sanalvirtualAdjectiveB1
sanatçıartistNounB1
santimetrecentimetreNounB1
Short form santim, written cm.
saraypalaceNounB1
sargıbandage, dressingNounB1
From sarmak “to wrap”; sargı bezi “gauze bandage”.
sarmakto wrap, to rollVerbB1
sarsıntıtremor, shockNounB1
sarıyellowAdjectiveA1
satılıkfor saleAdjectiveB1
satış elemanısales assistantNounA2
sayaçmeter (electricity, water, gas)NounB1
The ç softens before an ending: sayacı.