C2 · 50 words
Psychoanalysis in Spanish
Unconscious, defence, transference, interpretation — the terms of a theory that shaped everyday speech.
El duelo is two words that fell into one. The first is grief: el duelo psíquico, guardar duelo, está de duelo — the work of mourning, with no fight anywhere in it. The second is exactly our « duel », two people and a set of rules: lo retó a duelo. Spanish tells them apart by what stands around them, and a reader who brings only the English word to a death notice will find it announcing a swordfight. « Grief » has no cognate here at all; « duel » has one, and it is the rarer of the two.
The words
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Phrase (32)
la primera tópicathe first map: conscious, preconscious, unconsciousPhraseC2
La primera tópica separa consciente, preconsciente e inconsciente.The first topography separates conscious, preconscious and unconscious.
la segunda tópicathe second map, drawn instead as three agenciesPhraseC2
La segunda tópica introduce las tres instancias.The second topography brings in the three agencies.
el yo psíquicothe agency that brokers between the demandsPhraseC2
El yo psíquico media entre las exigencias.The ego mediates between the demands.
el principio de placerthe rule that wants discharge at oncePhraseC2
El principio de placer busca la descarga inmediata.The pleasure principle seeks immediate discharge.
el principio de realidadthe rule that puts satisfaction offPhraseC2
El principio de realidad aplaza la satisfacción.The reality principle postpones satisfaction.
el mecanismo de defensathe device that keeps anxiety away from the selfPhraseC2
El mecanismo de defensa protege al yo de la angustia.A defence mechanism protects the ego from anxiety.
el retorno de lo reprimidothe coming back of that, always in disguisePhraseC2
El retorno de lo reprimido llega verkleidet.The return of the repressed arrives in disguise.
la proyección psíquicathe defence that puts one's own into somebody elsePhraseC2
La proyección psíquica atribuye a otro lo propio.Projection attributes one's own to somebody else.
la negación psíquicathe defence that says the thought while denying itPhraseC2
La negación psíquica dice el pensamiento negándolo.Negation states the thought by denying it.
la formación reactivathe defence that turns an impulse into its oppositePhraseC2
La formación reactiva convierte el impulso en su contrario.Reaction formation turns the impulse into its opposite.
el trabajo del sueñothe work that turns a thought into a scenePhraseC2
El trabajo del sueño convierte un pensamiento en una escena.The dream work turns a thought into a scene.
el contenido manifiestothe dream as told on wakingPhraseC2
El contenido manifiesto es lo que se cuenta al despertar.The manifest content is what is told on waking.
el contenido latentethe dream behind it, looked for in what comes to mindPhraseC2
El contenido latente se busca en la asociación.The latent content is looked for in the association.
la asociación librethe saying of whatever comes, with the critic switched offPhraseC2
La asociación libre suspende la crítica.Free association suspends criticism.
el acto fallidothe slip that is not just any lapse of attentionPhraseC2
El acto fallido no es un descuido cualquiera.A parapraxis is not just any piece of carelessness.
el lapsus reveladorthe slip of the tongue that says what was kept backPhraseC2
El lapsus revelador dice lo que se callaba.The revealing slip says what was being kept quiet.
el síntoma como formación de compromisothe symptom that satisfies and punishes at oncePhraseC2
El síntoma como formación de compromiso satisface y castiga a la vez.The symptom as a compromise satisfies and punishes at the same time.
la angustia señalthe small anxiety that warns before the danger arrivesPhraseC2
La angustia señal avisa antes de que llegue el peligro.Signal anxiety warns before the danger arrives.
la transferencia analíticathe old relationship repeated in the consulting roomPhraseC2
La transferencia analítica repite en la consulta una relación antigua.Analytic transference repeats an old relationship in the consulting room.
la resistencia terapéuticathe pushing back that turns up exactly where it mattersPhraseC2
La resistencia terapéutica aparece justo donde importa.Resistance turns up exactly where it matters.
la interpretación analíticathe reading offered to the patient, never imposedPhraseC2
La interpretación analítica se ofrece, no se impone.An interpretation is offered, not imposed.
la elaboración psíquicathe slow working through, which cannot be hurriedPhraseC2
La elaboración psíquica es lenta por naturaleza.Working through is slow by its nature.
el encuadre terapéuticothe setting held deliberately unchangedPhraseC2
El encuadre terapéutico se mantiene igual a propósito.The therapeutic setting is kept the same on purpose.
la regla fundamentalthe one rule: say everything, choose nothingPhraseC2
La regla fundamental pide decirlo todo, sin selección.The fundamental rule asks that everything be said, without selection.
la atención flotantethe listening that refuses to hear only the expectedPhraseC2
La atención flotante evita escuchar solo lo esperado.Evenly hovering attention avoids hearing only what is expected.
la neurosis de transferenciathe illness that unfolds inside the treatment itselfPhraseC2
La neurosis de transferencia se despliega dentro del tratamiento.The transference neurosis unfolds inside the treatment.
el objeto internothe person kept inside, who goes on acting when absentPhraseC2
El objeto interno sigue actuando en ausencia del real.The internal object goes on acting in the absence of the real one.
la relación de objetothe tie to a person, which later theory put before the drivePhraseC2
La relación de objeto desplazó a la pulsión en la teoría posterior.Object relations displaced the drive in later theory.
el duelo psíquicothe grieving that withdraws the attachment little by littlePhraseC2
El duelo psíquico retira poco a poco la investidura.Mourning withdraws the attachment little by little.
el narcisismo primariothe state before any object is chosen at allPhraseC2
El narcisismo primario precede a toda elección de objeto.Primary narcissism precedes any choice of object.
la compulsión de repeticiónthe returning to whatever was never understoodPhraseC2
La compulsión de repetición vuelve a lo que no se comprendió.The repetition compulsion returns to what was not understood.
el análisis del analistathe analyst's own analysis, part of the trainingPhraseC2
El análisis del analista es parte de la formación.The analyst's own analysis is part of the training.
Noun (m) (7)
el psicoanálisisthe theory, the method and the treatment under one nameNoun (m)C2
El psicoanálisis es a la vez teoría, método y tratamiento.Psychoanalysis is at once a theory, a method and a treatment.
el inconscientethe unconscious, which is not the same as what is out of mindNoun (m)C2
El inconsciente no es lo mismo que lo no consciente.The unconscious is not the same as what is merely not conscious.
el preconscientethe layer out of mind that an effort can still reachNoun (m)C2
El preconsciente se puede recordar con esfuerzo.The preconscious can be recalled with an effort.
el ellothe agency that knows neither time nor contradictionNoun (m)C2
El ello no conoce ni tiempo ni contradicción.The id knows neither time nor contradiction.
el superyóthe agency that judges in other people's voicesNoun (m)C2
El superyó juzga con la voz de otros.The superego judges in the voice of others.
el desplazamientothe shifting that changes the object and keeps the feelingNoun (m)C2
El desplazamiento cambia el objeto y deja el afecto.Displacement changes the object and leaves the affect.
el complejothe bundle of memories carrying the same feelingNoun (m)C2
El complejo agrupa recuerdos con un mismo tono afectivo.A complex groups memories that share one feeling.
Noun (f) (11)
la pulsiónthe drive, which has no fixed objectNoun (f)C2
La pulsión no tiene un objeto fijo.A drive has no fixed object.
la libidothe energy that can move from one object to anotherNoun (f)C2
La libido puede desplazarse de un objeto a otro.Libido can move from one object to another.
la catexisthe measure of how much energy is bound to a thingNoun (f)C2
La catexis mide cuánta energía se fija en algo.Cathexis measures how much energy is fixed on something.
la represiónthe defence that pushes out of mind without destroyingNoun (f)C2
La represión aparta del consciente sin destruir.Repression pushes out of consciousness without destroying.
la sublimaciónthe defence that sends a drive towards another endNoun (f)C2
La sublimación desvía la pulsión hacia otro fin.Sublimation diverts the drive towards another end.
la racionalizaciónthe defence that gives a good reason instead of the real oneNoun (f)C2
La racionalización da una razón buena en lugar de la verdadera.Rationalisation gives a good reason instead of the true one.
la condensaciónthe packing of several meanings into one imageNoun (f)C2
La condensación reúne varios sentidos en una imagen.Condensation gathers several meanings into one image.
la contratransferenciathe analyst's own side of that, material rather than a nuisanceNoun (f)C2
La contratransferencia es material, no un estorbo.Countertransference is material, not an obstacle.
la fijaciónthe part of the energy that stayed behind at one stageNoun (f)C2
La fijación deja parte de la libido en una etapa.Fixation leaves part of the libido at one stage.
la regresiónthe going back to an earlier way of workingNoun (f)C2
La regresión vuelve a un modo anterior de funcionar.Regression returns to an earlier way of working.
la identificaciónthe building of a self out of other peopleNoun (f)C2
La identificación construye el yo a partir de otros.Identification builds the ego out of others.
This list belongs to People and feelings — 13 lists and 640 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.