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C2  ·  50 words

Gemmology in Spanish

What a stone does to light, what has been done to the stone, and what has to be declared.

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From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

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Gemmology is measurement rather than admiration: every property on this page is something a stone does that a piece of glass does differently. The seventh entry is el plano de exfoliación, the plane along which a crystal splits cleanly because its atoms are held together less tightly in that direction — the property that makes a diamond both the hardest thing a jeweller handles and one of the easiest to ruin with a careless knock. English calls it « cleavage » and keeps that word for minerals; Spanish uses la exfoliación, which is the same word a chemist's shelf uses for scrubbing dead skin off a face, and the same one a botanist uses for bark coming away in sheets. The image underneath all three is one thing: layers lifting off in leaves.

The words

Phrase (48)

la desviación de la luz al entrarthe bending of the light as it entersPhraseC2
La desviación de la luz al entrar se mide con un refractómetro.The bending of the light as it enters is the first thing measured and the hardest to fake.
la densidad relativa de la piedrathe relative density of the stonePhraseC2
La densidad relativa de la piedra se obtiene pesándola en agua.The relative density of the stone separates lookalikes in a minute.
la dureza en la escala mineralthe hardness on the mineral scalePhraseC2
La dureza en la escala mineral no dice nada sobre la fragilidad.Hardness on the mineral scale says what will scratch what.
la tenacidad frente al golpethe toughness against a knockPhraseC2
La tenacidad frente al golpe es baja incluso en el diamante.Toughness against a knock is not the same property as hardness.
el plano de exfoliaciónthe plane of cleavagePhraseC2
El plano de exfoliación decide por dónde se parte la piedra.A plane of cleavage splits cleanly and without warning.
la inclusión característicathe characteristic inclusionPhraseC2
La inclusión característica delata el yacimiento de origen.A characteristic inclusion can name the mine.
la lupa de diez aumentosthe ten-power loupePhraseC2
La lupa de diez aumentos es la referencia del oficio.A ten-power loupe is the standard everything else is compared against.
el microscopio gemológicothe gemmological microscopePhraseC2
El microscopio gemológico ilumina desde el lado.A gemmological microscope shows what the loupe suggested.
la iluminación por campo oscurothe dark-field lightingPhraseC2
La iluminación por campo oscuro hace visible lo que flota dentro.Dark-field lighting makes inclusions stand out against black.
el espectroscopio de manothe hand spectroscopePhraseC2
El espectroscopio de mano muestra las líneas de absorción.A hand spectroscope reads the lines the colour leaves behind.
la fluorescencia bajo luz ultravioletathe fluorescence under ultraviolet lightPhraseC2
La fluorescencia bajo luz ultravioleta separa lotes distintos.Fluorescence under ultraviolet light is evidence and never proof.
el color en las tres coordenadasthe colour in its three coordinatesPhraseC2
El color en las tres coordenadas se describe por tono, saturación y luminosidad.Colour in its three coordinates is recorded as hue, tone and saturation.
la saturación del colorthe saturation of the colourPhraseC2
La saturación del color pesa más que el tamaño.The saturation of the colour matters more to the price than anything else.
el zonado de colorthe colour zoningPhraseC2
El zonado de color se disimula con la orientación del corte.Colour zoning is uneven colour inside one stone.
la pureza de la piedrathe clarity of the stonePhraseC2
La pureza de la piedra se juzga a diez aumentos.The clarity of the stone is graded under the same magnification everywhere.
la talla y sus proporcionesthe cut and its proportionsPhraseC2
La talla y sus proporciones deciden cuánta luz vuelve al ojo.The cut and its proportions decide what the stone does with light.
el brillo devuelto por la tallathe brilliance the cut gives backPhraseC2
El brillo devuelto por la talla se pierde con una faceta mal puesta.The brilliance the cut gives back is lost if the angles are wrong.
la ventana en el fondo de la piedrathe window in the bottom of the stonePhraseC2
La ventana en el fondo de la piedra deja ver el dedo debajo.A window in the bottom of the stone lets you read print through it.
el peso en quilatesthe weight in caratsPhraseC2
El peso en quilates no crece igual que el diámetro.The weight in carats is a fifth of a gram.
el salto de precio en un peso redondothe jump in price at a round weightPhraseC2
El salto de precio en un peso redondo hace tallar por encima a propósito.The jump in price at a round weight is a fact about buyers, not about stones.
el tratamiento térmico del corindónthe heat treatment of corundumPhraseC2
El tratamiento térmico del corindón se admite si se declara.The heat treatment of corundum is routine and has to be declared.
el relleno de fracturas con vidriothe filling of fractures with glassPhraseC2
El relleno de fracturas con vidrio cambia por completo el valor.Filling of fractures with glass improves the look and not the stone.
la difusión superficial de colorthe surface diffusion of colourPhraseC2
La difusión superficial de color desaparece al repulir la piedra.Surface diffusion of colour reaches only as deep as a repolish.
el aceitado de la esmeraldathe oiling of an emeraldPhraseC2
El aceitado de la esmeralda es habitual y hay que declararlo.The oiling of an emerald is expected and still gets declared.
la irradiación del colorthe irradiation of the colourPhraseC2
La irradiación del color puede ser inestable con la luz.Irradiation of the colour can fade in daylight.
la piedra sintética de laboratoriothe laboratory-made synthetic stonePhraseC2
La piedra sintética de laboratorio tiene la misma composición.A laboratory-made synthetic stone has the same composition as the natural one.
el diamante cultivado en laboratoriothe laboratory-grown diamondPhraseC2
El diamante cultivado en laboratorio se detecta por su crecimiento.A laboratory-grown diamond is a diamond and is not a natural diamond.
la imitación en vidriothe imitation in glassPhraseC2
La imitación en vidrio se delata por las burbujas redondas.An imitation in glass has neither the composition nor the properties.
el doblete pegadothe glued doubletPhraseC2
El doblete pegado se ve sumergiendo la piedra en agua.A glued doublet is two pieces pretending to be one.
la línea de pegado visiblethe visible line of the joinPhraseC2
La línea de pegado visible aparece de perfil.The visible line of the join gives a doublet away under water.
el informe gemológico de laboratoriothe report from a gemmological laboratoryPhraseC2
El informe gemológico de laboratorio no da un precio.A report from a gemmological laboratory says what was measured, not what it is worth.
la nomenclatura obligatoriathe required wordingPhraseC2
La nomenclatura obligatoria prohíbe llamar diamante a otra cosa.The required wording keeps a synthetic from being sold as anything else.
la declaración de tratamiento en la facturathe declaration of treatment on the invoicePhraseC2
La declaración de tratamiento en la factura es exigible por ley.The declaration of treatment on the invoice is what a buyer keeps.
el origen geográfico determinadothe geographical origin determinedPhraseC2
El origen geográfico determinado puede duplicar el precio.A geographical origin determined by a laboratory is an opinion with reasons attached.
la trazabilidad desde la minathe traceability from the minePhraseC2
La trazabilidad desde la mina se documenta en cada traspaso.Traceability from the mine is easier to promise than to show.
la minería artesanal de gemasthe small-scale mining of gemsPhraseC2
La minería artesanal de gemas emplea a miles de familias.Small-scale mining of gems produces a large share of what is sold.
la certificación de origen éticothe certification of ethical originPhraseC2
La certificación de origen ético cubre el trabajo y el medio.Certification of ethical origin is only as good as its audits.
la piedra en brutothe rough stonePhraseC2
La piedra en bruto se estudia antes de decidir la talla.A rough stone is bought on what it might become.
el rendimiento del bruto tras la tallathe yield of the rough after cuttingPhraseC2
El rendimiento del bruto tras la talla ronda la mitad del peso.The yield of the rough after cutting is often less than half.
la orientación del cortethe orientation of the cutPhraseC2
La orientación del corte aprovecha el mejor color.The orientation of the cut is chosen against the colour and the cleavage.
el pulido de las facetasthe polishing of the facetsPhraseC2
El pulido de las facetas se juzga con luz rasante.The polishing of the facets is what makes the edges meet.
el engaste seguro de la piedrathe secure setting of the stonePhraseC2
El engaste seguro de la piedra vale más que un engaste vistoso.A secure setting of the stone is worth more than an insurance policy.
la garra desgastadathe worn clawPhraseC2
La garra desgastada es la causa habitual de una pérdida.A worn claw is the commonest reason a stone is lost.
la revisión periódica del engastethe regular check of the settingPhraseC2
La revisión periódica del engaste evita el disgusto.A regular check of the setting takes a minute and saves the stone.
la limpieza sin ultrasonidosthe cleaning without ultrasoundPhraseC2
La limpieza sin ultrasonidos es obligada en piedras con fracturas.Cleaning without ultrasound is the rule for anything filled or oiled.
la sensibilidad al calor de la piedrathe sensitivity of the stone to heatPhraseC2
La sensibilidad al calor de la piedra obliga a desmontarla antes de soldar.The sensitivity of the stone to heat decides whether it can be worked on in the setting.
la tasación con fines de segurothe valuation for insurancePhraseC2
La tasación con fines de seguro se actualiza cada pocos años.A valuation for insurance is a replacement figure and not a price.
el mercado de segunda mano de joyasthe second-hand market in jewelleryPhraseC2
El mercado de segunda mano de joyas paga muy por debajo del escaparate.The second-hand market in jewellery prices the gold first and the stone second.

Noun (f) (1)

Grammar for these: Masculine or feminine · The plural

la birrefringenciathe double refractionNoun (f)C2
La birrefringencia duplica las aristas vistas a través.Double refraction splits one ray into two inside the stone.

Noun (m) (1)

Grammar for these: Masculine or feminine · The plural

el pleocroísmothe pleochroismNoun (m)C2
El pleocroísmo muestra dos colores según el ángulo.Pleochroism shows a different colour down a different axis.

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