C2 · 50 words
Climate science in Spanish
Forcing, feedbacks, models and scenarios — the words the climate system is studied in.
La sensibilidad climática is the sensitivity of the climate, and la sensibilidad is one Spanish word where English keeps three. It is the sensitivity of an instrument or a system — la sensibilidad de la balanza. It is a person's sensibility, the readiness to be moved: un poema de gran sensibilidad. And it is plain feeling in the body: perdió la sensibilidad en la mano says he lost the feeling in his hand, which « sensibility » could never say. Only the sentence around it decides which of the three is meant.
The words
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Phrase (46)
el sistema climáticoair, water, ice and ground taken as one thing that reacts to itselfPhraseC2
El sistema climático enlaza aire, agua, hielo y suelo.The climate system links air, water, ice and ground.
el balance energético terrestrethe sun coming in against the heat going out, added upPhraseC2
El balance energético terrestre compara entrada y salida.The Earth's energy balance compares what comes in with what goes out.
el forzamiento radiativothe push a change gives that balance, in watts per square metrePhraseC2
El forzamiento radiativo se mide en vatios por metro cuadrado.Radiative forcing is measured in watts per square metre.
la retroalimentación positivathe loop that makes the first change biggerPhraseC2
La retroalimentación positiva amplifica el cambio inicial.Positive feedback amplifies the initial change.
la retroalimentación negativathe loop that makes the first change smallerPhraseC2
La retroalimentación negativa frena la desviación.Negative feedback brakes the departure.
la sensibilidad climáticahow much warmer it gets for a doubling, and the least certain number herePhraseC2
La sensibilidad climática es la mayor fuente de incertidumbre.Climate sensitivity is the largest source of uncertainty.
el gas traza de vida largathe gas present in traces that stays a long time and holds heatPhraseC2
El gas traza de vida larga absorbe radiación infrarroja.The long-lived trace gas absorbs infrared radiation.
el potencial de calentamiento globalhow much heat one gas holds compared with the same weight of anotherPhraseC2
El potencial de calentamiento global se refiere a cien años.The global warming potential refers to a hundred years.
el tiempo de residencia atmosféricahow long a gas stays up there before something removes itPhraseC2
El tiempo de residencia atmosférica varía de días a siglos.Atmospheric residence time runs from days to centuries.
el sumidero de carbonothe place that takes carbon out of the air and keeps itPhraseC2
El sumidero de carbono oceánico absorbe una parte de la emisión.The ocean carbon sink takes up part of what is emitted.
el ciclo del carbonothe carbon going round between air, sea, soil and living thingsPhraseC2
El ciclo del carbono mueve más de lo que emite la industria.The carbon cycle moves more than industry emits.
la acidificación del océanothe sea turning less alkaline as it takes that carbon inPhraseC2
La acidificación del océano acompaña a la absorción de carbono.Ocean acidification goes with that uptake of carbon.
el aerosol atmosféricothe fine matter floating in the air that cools and dirties at oncePhraseC2
El aerosol atmosférico enfría y ensucia a la vez.The atmospheric aerosol cools and dirties at the same time.
la circulación general atmosféricathe circulation that moves heat from the hot latitudes to the cold onesPhraseC2
La circulación general atmosférica reparte el calor por latitudes.The general atmospheric circulation shares the heat out by latitude.
la corriente en chorrothe fast ribbon of wind high up that steers the weather belowPhraseC2
La corriente en chorro guía los sistemas de baja presión.The jet stream steers the low-pressure systems.
la circulación termohalinathe circulation driven by how heavy the water is, not by windPhraseC2
La circulación termohalina depende de la densidad del agua.The thermohaline circulation depends on the density of the water.
la oscilación del surthe seesaw of pressure over one ocean that shifts weather far awayPhraseC2
La oscilación del sur cambia el clima de medio planeta.The southern oscillation changes the weather of half the planet.
el modo de variabilidadthe pattern the system comes back to again and again, with no fixed periodPhraseC2
El modo de variabilidad se repite sin periodo fijo.A mode of variability returns without a fixed period.
la variabilidad interna del sistemathe swinging the system does by itself, with nothing pushing itPhraseC2
La variabilidad interna del sistema domina el corto plazo.The internal variability of the system dominates the short run.
la señal frente al ruidothe trend against that swinging, and how long before one shows through the otherPhraseC2
La señal frente al ruido tarda décadas en verse.Signal against noise takes decades to show.
la anomalía de temperaturathe difference from a stated stretch of years, rather than a temperaturePhraseC2
La anomalía de temperatura se mide contra un periodo base.The temperature anomaly is measured against a base period.
el periodo de referenciathe stretch of years everything is measured against, which has to be namedPhraseC2
El periodo de referencia debe declararse siempre.The reference period must always be stated.
la serie homogeneizadathe record put right where the station moved or the instrument changedPhraseC2
La serie homogeneizada corrige el traslado de la estación.The homogenised series corrects for the move of the station.
la isla de calor urbanathe extra warmth a city makes, taken back out of the recordPhraseC2
La isla de calor urbana se descuenta de la serie.The urban heat island is taken back out of the series.
el registro instrumentalwhat thermometers themselves have written down since the nineteenth centuryPhraseC2
El registro instrumental empieza a mediados del siglo diecinueve.The instrumental record begins in the middle of the nineteenth century.
el archivo paleoclimáticowhat nature wrote down before there were thermometersPhraseC2
El archivo paleoclimático llega mucho más atrás.The palaeoclimate archive reaches a great deal further back.
el testigo de hielothe reading taken from a cylinder drilled out of a glacier, air and allPhraseC2
El testigo de hielo conserva aire de hace milenios.The ice core keeps air from thousands of years ago.
el indicador indirectothe reading taken instead, when the one wanted cannot bePhraseC2
El indicador indirecto sustituye a la medición que falta.The proxy stands in for the measurement that is missing.
el modelo de circulación generalthe program that cuts the planet into boxes and solves each onePhraseC2
El modelo de circulación general divide el planeta en celdas.The general circulation model cuts the planet into cells.
la resolución del modelohow small those boxes are, and so what the program can show at allPhraseC2
La resolución del modelo limita lo que puede representar.The resolution of the model limits what it can show.
el conjunto de simulacionesthe many runs taken together, to show a spread rather than one answerPhraseC2
El conjunto de simulaciones muestra el abanico posible.The ensemble of runs shows the range that is possible.
la reducción de escalathe bringing of global runs down to one valleyPhraseC2
La reducción de escala lleva el modelo global al valle.Downscaling brings the global model into the valley.
el escenario de emisionesa stated course of emissions, which is not a forecast of anythingPhraseC2
El escenario de emisiones no es una predicción.The emissions scenario is not a prediction.
la trayectoria de concentracióna stated course of concentrations, named after where the push ends upPhraseC2
La trayectoria de concentración se nombra por el forzamiento final.The concentration pathway is named after the final forcing.
el presupuesto de carbonothe amount that may still be emitted in total, not the rate per yearPhraseC2
El presupuesto de carbono es una cantidad, no un ritmo.The carbon budget is an amount, not a rate.
la neutralidad de emisionesputting back as much as is still let out, so the total stops risingPhraseC2
La neutralidad de emisiones exige compensar lo que queda.Emissions neutrality requires balancing out what is left.
la emisión negativathe taking back out of carbon that was already let outPhraseC2
La emisión negativa retira carbono ya emitido.Negative emission takes back carbon already emitted.
el punto de inflexión climáticothe threshold past which the system goes on changing by itselfPhraseC2
El punto de inflexión climático no se ve venir con antelación.A climate tipping point is not seen coming in advance.
la irreversibilidad del cambiothe changing that will not come back within any human stretch of timePhraseC2
La irreversibilidad del cambio se mide en siglos.The irreversibility of the change is measured in centuries.
la atribución de un fenómeno extremothe asking how much likelier one storm was made, answered in oddsPhraseC2
La atribución de un fenómeno extremo habla de probabilidades.Attributing an extreme event speaks in probabilities.
la frecuencia del suceso extremothe asking how often such a storm now happens, answered in countsPhraseC2
La frecuencia del suceso extremo ha aumentado.The frequency of the extreme event has risen.
la ola de calor prolongadathe spell of heat that now stands still for longer than it used toPhraseC2
La ola de calor prolongada dura más que antes.The prolonged heatwave lasts longer than it used to.
el aumento del nivel del marthe sea standing higher, which has two separate causesPhraseC2
El aumento del nivel del mar tiene dos causas distintas.Sea level rise has two different causes.
la expansión térmica del aguathe first of those two: warm water simply taking up more roomPhraseC2
La expansión térmica del agua explica casi la mitad.Thermal expansion of the water explains almost half.
el balance de masa glaciarthe snow a glacier gains against the ice it loses, added upPhraseC2
El balance de masa glaciar es negativo desde hace décadas.The mass balance of the glacier has been negative for decades.
el deshielo del permafrostthe ground that stayed frozen for millennia letting go of its gasPhraseC2
El deshielo del permafrost libera gas almacenado.Permafrost thaw releases stored gas.
Noun (f) (3)
la climatologíathe study of what the weather does over thirty years rather than tomorrowNoun (f)C2
La climatología trabaja con series de treinta años.Climatology works with series of thirty years.
la dendroclimatologíathe reading of one summer per ring in the wood of a treeNoun (f)C2
La dendroclimatología lee el verano de cada año en la madera.Dendroclimatology reads each year's summer in the wood.
la parametrizaciónthe standing in for whatever is smaller than the boxesNoun (f)C2
La parametrización sustituye lo que no cabe en la celda.Parametrisation stands in for what does not fit in the cell.
Noun (m) (1)
el albedohow much of the light a surface throws straight backNoun (m)C2
El albedo del hielo es mucho mayor que el del mar.The albedo of ice is far higher than that of the sea.
This list belongs to Nature and natural sciences — 31 lists and 1550 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.