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From these 48 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list The thirty-ninth entry is em virtude de , and the English phrase that matches it letter for letter is a trap. « By virtue of » exists, it is common in legal and formal prose, and it preserves a reading of « virtue » that ordinary English has lost. Behind both stands the Latin virtus , which named force, efficacy, the power a thing has to do something; a clerk wrote virtute officii , by the power of the office. « Virtue » itself moved on to moral goodness and stayed there, so the old sense survives nowhere except inside this one phrase — « by virtue of section 5 », « by virtue of her office », « by virtue of being the eldest ». Notice what the three have in common: a rule, a title or a status that confers the power. That is exactly what em virtude de does not require. In Portuguese it is an unremarkable causal connective, at home in a newspaper — em virtude do atraso , em virtude do mau tempo . The honest renderings are « owing to », « on account of » and « because of ». Keep « by virtue of » for the sentence in which a power is actually being exercised.
The words
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Verb (12)
despoletar to trigger Verb C2 Uma frase despoletou toda a discussão. One sentence triggered the whole discussion.
suscitar to prompt Verb C2 O relatório suscitou uma revisão das regras. The report prompted a review of the rules.
induzir to induce Verb C2 O medicamento induz um sono profundo. The medicine induces a deep sleep.
provocar to provoke Verb C2 A pergunta provocou uma resposta seca. The question provoked a curt answer.
obrigar to make necessary Verb C2 facilitar to make easier Verb C2 A nova ferramenta facilita o trabalho diário. The new tool makes the daily work easier.
possibilitar to make possible Verb C2 A bolsa possibilita um ano de estudo. The scholarship makes a year of study possible.
alicerçar to underpin Verb C2 Uma ideia simples alicerça todo o argumento. One simple idea underpins the whole argument.
dificultar to hamper Verb C2 O nevoeiro dificulta a aterragem. The fog hampers the landing.
inibir to inhibit Verb C2 O frio inibe o crescimento das plantas. The cold inhibits the growth of the plants.
contrariar to counteract Verb C2 A medida contraria a subida dos preços. The measure counteracts the rise in prices.
agravar to aggravate Verb C2 A seca agrava a falta de água. The drought aggravates the shortage of water.
Adverb (4)
Grammar for these: Adverbs in -mente
daí hence Adverb C2 O texto é ambíguo; daí as dúvidas. The text is ambiguous; hence the doubts.
destarte thus Adverb C2 Destarte, o argumento perde força. Thus the argument loses its force.
consequentemente consequently Adverb C2 A prova falhou e, consequentemente, a tese caiu. The proof failed and, consequently, the thesis fell.
inversamente conversely Adverb C2 Inversamente, um preço baixo atrai mais gente. Conversely, a low price attracts more people.
Phrase (31)
dar origem a to give rise to Phrase C2 A decisão deu origem a muitas queixas. The decision gave rise to a great many complaints.
redundar em to end in Phrase C2 O atraso redundou em custos maiores. The delay ended in higher costs.
pôr em marcha to set in motion Phrase C2 A carta pôs em marcha um processo longo. The letter set a long procedure in motion.
fazer deflagrar to spark off Phrase C2 O rumor fez deflagrar um protesto. The rumour sparked off a protest.
dar lugar a to bring about Phrase C2 A falta de água deu lugar a uma crise. The shortage of water brought about a crisis.
provir de to stem from Phrase C2 O ruído provém de uma peça solta. The noise stems from a loose part.
decorrer de to arise from Phrase C2 O aumento decorre da nova regra. The increase arises from the new rule.
resultar de to result from Phrase C2 Nada disto resulta do texto do contrato. None of this results from the wording of the contract.
derivar de to derive from Phrase C2 O nome deriva de uma palavra antiga. The name derives from an old word.
ser atribuível a to be attributable to Phrase C2 A falha é atribuível a um erro de leitura. The fault is attributable to a misreading.
ter relevância para to have a bearing on Phrase C2 Este pormenor tem relevância para o resultado. This detail has a bearing on the outcome.
assentar numa questão to turn on a question Phrase C2 Todo o litígio assenta numa questão de prazo. The whole dispute turns on a question of time limits.
estar dependente de to be dependent on Phrase C2 A obra está dependente de uma licença. The building work is dependent on a permit.
ficar condicionado a to be made conditional on Phrase C2 O apoio fica condicionado a um relatório final. The grant is made conditional on a final report.
causa de raiz the root cause Phrase C2 A auditoria procurou a causa de raiz da avaria. The audit looked for the root cause of the breakdown.
fator concorrente the contributing factor Phrase C2 O cansaço foi apenas um fator concorrente. Tiredness was only a contributing factor.
cadeia de acontecimentos the chain of events Phrase C2 O relatório reconstrói a cadeia de acontecimentos. The report reconstructs the chain of events.
efeito em cascata the knock-on effect Phrase C2 A greve teve um efeito em cascata nos transportes. The strike had a knock-on effect on transport.
consequência não intencional the unintended consequence Phrase C2 A proibição teve uma consequência não intencional. The ban had an unintended consequence.
efeito secundário de uma medida the side effect of a measure Phrase C2 O texto descreve o efeito secundário de uma medida fiscal. The text describes the side effect of a tax measure.
ciclo de retroação the feedback loop Phrase C2 O aquecimento cria um ciclo de retroação. Warming creates a feedback loop.
círculo vicioso the vicious circle Phrase C2 A dívida e o juro formam um círculo vicioso. Debt and interest form a vicious circle.
círculo virtuoso the virtuous circle Phrase C2 A confiança e o investimento criam um círculo virtuoso. Confidence and investment create a virtuous circle.
tudo o resto constante all else being equal Phrase C2 Tudo o resto constante, a procura desce. All else being equal, demand falls.
em consequência de as a consequence of Phrase C2 A estrada fechou em consequência do temporal. The road was closed as a consequence of the storm.
em virtude de on account of Phrase C2 O prazo foi alargado em virtude do atraso. The time limit was extended on account of the delay.
na sequência de in the wake of Phrase C2 Na sequência do acidente, mudaram as regras. In the wake of the accident the rules changed.
com o resultado de que with the result that Phrase C2 Choveu toda a semana, com o resultado de que a obra parou. It rained all week, with the result that the building work stopped.
a tal ponto que to such an extent that Phrase C2 O vento subiu a tal ponto que o barco voltou. The wind rose to such an extent that the boat turned back.
na parte em que in so far as Phrase C2 A decisão vale na parte em que trata do prazo. The decision holds in so far as it deals with the time limit.
por esse motivo for that reason Phrase C2 Por esse motivo, a reunião foi adiada. For that reason the meeting was put off.
Noun (m) (1)
Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo
o pressuposto the precondition Noun (m) C2 O pressuposto de todo o plano é o financiamento. The precondition of the whole plan is the funding.
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