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From these 31 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list The fourteenth entry is o falso anel , and the adjective in front of it is the place where English has to choose and Portuguese does not. Falso covers the whole field on its own: um documento falso , um sorriso falso , uma pérola falsa , uma falsa modéstia . English divides that field among five words, and every one of them has drawn a border. « False » is the scientific and structural one, and it accuses nobody: a « false ring », a « false start », « false teeth », « a false ceiling ». « Fake » does accuse, because a « fake painting » was made to deceive and « a fake » is a forgery. « Mock » is announced in advance, as in « a mock exam ». « Dummy » never worked to begin with, as in « a dummy run ». And « faux », borrowed back from French, has settled on materials and on manners: « faux fur », « faux modesty ». So the ring of this list can only be « a false ring ». The tree deceived nobody. It simply laid down a second boundary in one summer.
The words
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Noun (m) (12)
Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo
o lenho inicial the earlywood Noun (m) C2 O lenho inicial é mais claro e mais leve. The earlywood is paler and lighter in weight.
o lenho final the latewood Noun (m) C2 O lenho final fecha o anel no fim do verão. The latewood closes the ring at the end of the summer.
o padrão dos anéis the ring pattern Noun (m) C2 O padrão dos anéis repete-se em árvores da mesma região. The same ring pattern recurs in trees from one region.
o limite da casca the bark edge Noun (m) C2 Com o limite da casca sabe-se o ano exato do abate. With the bark edge you know the exact year of felling.
o anel ausente the missing ring Noun (m) C2 Um anel ausente atrasa toda a contagem. One missing ring throws the whole count out.
o falso anel the false ring Noun (m) C2 Um falso anel aparece depois de um verão seco e de chuva tardia. A false ring appears after a dry summer followed by late rain.
o ano indicador the pointer year Noun (m) C2 O ano indicador é estreito em quase todas as árvores. A pointer year is narrow in almost every tree.
o sinal climático the climate signal Noun (m) C2 O sinal climático é mais forte perto do limite da floresta. The climate signal is strongest near the treeline.
o sinal da precipitação the precipitation signal Noun (m) C2 Em zona seca domina o sinal da precipitação. On a dry site the precipitation signal dominates.
o ano marcador vulcânico the volcanic marker year Noun (m) C2 O ano marcador vulcânico aparece em regiões distantes. A volcanic marker year turns up in regions far apart.
o carvalho de turfeira the bog oak Noun (m) C2 O carvalho de turfeira sai preto da terra. Bog oak comes out of the ground black.
o reaproveitamento da madeira the reuse of timber Noun (m) C2 O reaproveitamento da madeira confunde a datação do telhado. The reuse of timber confuses the dating of a roof.
Noun (f) (19)
Grammar for these: Definite article: o, a, os, as · Contractions: do, na, ao, pelo
a largura do anel the ring width Noun (f) C2 A largura do anel conta o que aconteceu naquele ano. The ring width records what happened in that year.
a datação cruzada the cross-dating Noun (f) C2 A datação cruzada compara duas amostras anel a anel. Cross-dating compares two samples ring by ring.
a cronologia de referência the master chronology Noun (f) C2 A cronologia de referência foi construída a partir de muitas árvores. The master chronology was built up from many trees.
a curva de referência the reference curve Noun (f) C2 A amostra é sobreposta à curva de referência. The sample is laid over the reference curve.
a sonda de crescimento the increment borer Noun (f) C2 A sonda de crescimento tira um cilindro fino do tronco. The increment borer takes a thin cylinder out of the trunk.
a medula the pith Noun (f) C2 A medula fica no centro do tronco. The pith sits at the centre of the trunk.
a data de abate the felling date Noun (f) C2 A data de abate diz quando a viga foi cortada. The felling date says when the beam was cut.
a estimativa do borne the sapwood estimate Noun (f) C2 Sem casca, resta a estimativa do borne. Without bark, only the sapwood estimate is left.
a reconstrução da temperatura the temperature reconstruction Noun (f) C2 A reconstrução da temperatura recua séculos. The temperature reconstruction reaches back centuries.
a madeira subfóssil the subfossil wood Noun (f) C2 A madeira subfóssil esteve séculos debaixo de água. The subfossil wood lay under water for centuries.
a armação do telhado the roof truss Noun (f) C2 A armação do telhado guarda as vigas mais antigas da casa. The roof truss holds the oldest beams in the house.
a pintura sobre madeira the panel painting Noun (f) C2 A pintura sobre madeira pode ser datada pelo painel. A panel painting can be dated through its support.
a datação de instrumentos the dating of instruments Noun (f) C2 A datação de instrumentos usa o tampo de abeto. The dating of instruments uses the spruce soundboard.
a proveniência da madeira the provenance of the timber Noun (f) C2 A proveniência da madeira mostra por onde passou o comércio. The provenance of the timber shows which way the trade ran.
a calibração do radiocarbono the radiocarbon calibration Noun (f) C2 A calibração do radiocarbono assenta nos anéis contados. Radiocarbon calibration rests on counted rings.
a concordância estatística the statistical match Noun (f) C2 A concordância estatística não chega sozinha. A statistical match is not enough on its own.
a verificação visual do ajuste the visual check of the fit Noun (f) C2 A verificação visual do ajuste faz-se com as curvas sobrepostas. The visual check of the fit is done with the curves laid over each other.
a preparação da amostra the sample preparation Noun (f) C2 A preparação da amostra começa por lixar o corte. Sample preparation begins by sanding the cut face.
a colheita não destrutiva the non-destructive sampling Noun (f) C2 A colheita não destrutiva deixa a viga no sítio. Non-destructive sampling leaves the beam where it is.
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“O achado” is a find on a dig, from ‘achar’, to find, which also means to think: ‘acho que sim’, I think so.
This list belongs to History, research and data — 19 lists and 667 words that can also be practised as a whole.
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