The words for what people do to each other with words: persuade, praise, blame, interrupt.
English often says the same thing with “tell” or “say” and an adverb; Korean has a verb for each act. Reporting what someone said almost always uses the quotation endings in front of these verbs: 술을 줄이라고 충고했어요, “he advised me to drink less”, 늦게 나왔다고 항의했어요, “she complained that it came late”. Watch the direction, too: 권하다 and 조언하다 go from you to the other person, 건의하다 goes upwards, to someone with the power to decide.
The words
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Verb (39)
협상하다to negotiateVerb4
두 회사는 몇 달 동안 가격을 두고 협상했어요.The two companies negotiated over the price for months.
설득하다to persuadeVerb4
부모님을 설득해서 겨우 유학을 허락받았어요.I persuaded my parents and finally got permission to study abroad.
비판하다to criticiseVerb4
많은 관객이 그 영화의 결말을 비판했어요.Many viewers criticised the ending of the film.
Reasoned criticism; 비난하다 is blame with anger in it.
칭찬하다to praiseVerb3
선생님이 제 발음이 좋다고 칭찬해 주셨어요.My teacher praised my pronunciation.
충고하다to advise; to warnVerb4
의사는 아버지에게 술을 줄이라고 충고했어요.The doctor advised my father to cut down on alcohol.
Usually advice against something; it can sound like a telling-off.
조언하다to advise; to give adviceVerb4
선배가 면접 준비에 대해 여러 가지를 조언해 줬어요.A senior colleague gave me lots of advice about preparing for the interview.
Neutral, helpful advice; gentler than 충고하다.
오해하다to misunderstandVerb3
제 말을 오해하신 것 같아요.I think you misunderstood what I said.
언급하다to mention; to refer toVerb4
사장님은 회의에서 그 문제를 따로 언급하지 않으셨어요.The head of the company did not mention that problem separately at the meeting.
건의하다to propose; to put a suggestion toVerb4
직원들이 회사에 휴게실을 만들어 달라고 건의했어요.The staff asked the company to set up a break room.
A suggestion to someone who can decide: a manager, a school, the council.
항의하다to protest; to complainVerb4
손님이 음식이 늦게 나왔다고 항의했어요.A customer complained that the food had come out late.
호소하다to appeal; to pleadVerb4
주민들은 시에 소음 문제를 해결해 달라고 호소했어요.The residents appealed to the city to solve the noise problem.
변명하다to make excusesVerb4
늦었으면 변명하지 말고 먼저 사과하세요.If you are late, do not make excuses; apologise first.
해명하다to explain oneself; to clarifyVerb4
회사는 제품 문제에 대해 공식적으로 해명했습니다.The company issued an official explanation of the problem with the product.
논의하다to discussVerb4
이 문제는 다음 회의에서 다시 논의합시다.Let us discuss this issue again at the next meeting.
논쟁하다to argue; to disputeVerb4
두 사람은 누가 맞는지를 두고 한참 논쟁했어요.The two of them argued for ages about who was right.
반박하다to refute; to rebutVerb4
그는 상대방의 주장을 차분하게 반박했어요.He calmly rebutted the other side’s argument.
지적하다to point outVerb4
친구가 보고서에서 틀린 부분을 지적해 줬어요.A friend pointed out the mistakes in my report.
비난하다to blame; to condemnVerb4
한 번 실수했다고 사람을 그렇게 비난하면 안 돼요.You should not condemn someone like that for a single mistake.
당부하다to urge; to ask earnestlyVerb4
선생님은 방학 동안 안전에 주의하라고 당부하셨어요.The teacher urged us to be careful about safety over the holidays.
꾸짖다to scold; to reprimandVerb4
할아버지는 거짓말을 한 손자를 엄하게 꾸짖으셨어요.Grandad sternly scolded his grandson for lying.
Written and serious; in conversation 혼내다.
전달하다to pass on; to conveyVerb4
회의 내용을 팀원들에게 전달해 주세요.Please pass on what was said at the meeting to the team.
요청하다to request; to ask forVerb4
자료가 더 필요해서 담당자에게 요청했어요.I needed more information, so I asked the person in charge for it.
Formal; an everyday favour is 부탁하다.
권하다to recommend; to offerVerb3
의사가 저에게 매일 걷기를 권했어요.The doctor recommended that I walk every day.
Also offering food or drink: 술을 권하다.
사양하다to decline politelyVerb4
선물을 받으라고 했지만 그는 정중하게 사양했어요.I told him to take the present, but he politely declined.
Politer and softer than 거절하다, “to refuse”.
승낙하다to consent; to give permissionVerb4
아버지는 오랫동안 고민하시다가 결혼을 승낙하셨어요.After thinking it over for a long time, my father gave his consent to the marriage.
의논하다to talk over; to consultVerb4
이사 문제는 가족과 의논해 보고 결정할게요.I will talk the move over with my family before deciding.
비꼬다to be sarcastic; to make a dig atVerb4
그는 칭찬하는 척하면서 사실은 저를 비꼬았어요.He pretended to praise me, but he was actually being sarcastic.
되묻다to ask back; to ask againVerb4
잘 못 들어서 뭐라고 했냐고 되물었어요.I did not hear properly, so I asked him what he had said.
Irregular like 묻다: 되물어요, 되물었어요.
통보하다to notify; to inform officiallyVerb4
회사는 합격자에게 이메일로 결과를 통보했어요.The company notified the successful candidates of the results by email.
A one-way notice: nobody is asked what they think.
과장하다to exaggerateVerb4
그 광고는 제품의 효과를 너무 과장했어요.That advert greatly exaggerated what the product can do.
경청하다to listen attentivelyVerb4
좋은 상담사는 상대방의 말을 끝까지 경청해요.A good counsellor listens attentively to the other person right to the end.
소통하다to communicateVerb4
요즘 부모와 자녀가 소통할 시간이 부족해요.These days parents and children do not have enough time to really talk.
얼버무리다to give an evasive answer; to hedgeVerb4
어디 갔었냐고 물었더니 그는 대답을 얼버무렸어요.When I asked where he had been, he gave an evasive answer.
중재하다to mediateVerb4
두 친구가 싸워서 제가 중간에서 중재했어요.My two friends fell out, so I mediated between them.
타협하다to compromiseVerb4
서로 조금씩 양보해서 타협했어요.We each gave a little ground and reached a compromise.
발언하다to speak (at a meeting); to make a remarkVerb4
회의에서 처음으로 발언했는데 너무 떨렸어요.I spoke at a meeting for the first time and was terribly nervous.
둘러대다to make up an excuse; to fob offVerb4
늦은 이유를 묻자 그는 차가 막혔다고 둘러댔어요.When asked why he was late, he made up a story about the traffic.
털어놓다to open up about; to confideVerb4
고민을 친구에게 털어놓고 나니까 마음이 가벼워졌어요.After telling a friend what was worrying me, I felt lighter.
대꾸하다to answer back; to respondVerb4
엄마가 몇 번이나 불렀는데 동생은 대꾸하지 않았어요.Mum called several times, but my little brother did not answer.